Why? Why? Why? Asking High Level Questions to … · Asking High Level Questions to Promote...

Why?Why?Why?AskingHighLevelQuestionstoPromoteCriticalandCreative

Thinking

EllenHoneck,PhDhonecks@comcast.net

QuestioningstrategiesforinductionfromHildaTabaFrom"ThinkingInductively,"inJoyceandWeil,ModelsofTeaching,Chapter10,150-152.

TABLE10.1CONCEPTFORMATION

OvertActivity CovertMentalOperations ElicitingQuestions1. Enumeration,listing Differentiation(identifying

separateitems)Whatdoyousee?hear?note?

2.Grouping Identifyingcommonproperties,abstracting

Whatbelongstogether?Onwhatcriterion?

3.Labeling,categorizing Determiningthehierarchicalorderofthings(super-andsubordination)

Howwouldyoucallthesegroups?Whatbelongstowhat?

Source:HildaTaba,Teacher'sHandbookforElementarySocialStudies(Reading,Mass.:Addison-WesleyPublishingCo.,Inc.,1967)p.92.

TABLE10.2INTERPRETATIONOFDATA

OvertActivity CovertMentalOperations ElicitingQuestions1.Identifyingcriticalrelationships

Differentiating Whatdidyounotice?see?find?

2.Exploringrelationships RelatingcategoriestoeachotherDeterminingcause-and-effectrelationships

Whydidthishappen?

3.Makinginferences GoingbeyondwhatisgivenFindingimplications,extrapolating

Whatdoesthismean?Whatpicturedoesitcreateinyourmind?Whatcouldyouconclude?

TABLE10.3APPLICATIONOFPRINCIPLES

OvertActivity CovertMentalOperations ElicitingQuestions1.Predictingconsequences,explainingunfamiliarphenomena,hypothesizing

Analyzingthenatureoftheproblemorsituation,retrieving

relevantknowledge

Whatwouldhappenif...?

2.Explainingand/orsupportingthepredictionsandhypotheses

Determiningthecausallinksleadingtopredictionorhypothesis

Whydoyouthinkthiswouldhappen?

3.Verifyingtheprediction Usinglogicalprinciplesorfactualknowledgetodeterminenecessary

andsufficientconditions

Whatwouldittakeforthistobegenerallytrueorprobablytrue?

Compareit!Whatisitsimilarto?Whatisitdifferentfrom?

Significance

Isthisthemostimportantproblemtoconsider?Whichofthesefactsismost

important?

Doesthisallmakesensetogether?Doeswhatyousayfollowfromevidence?

FairnessDoIhaveanyvestedinterestinthisissue?AmIrepresentingothersviewpoints?

Accuracy

Howcouldwecheckonthat?Howcouldweverifyortest

that?Howcouldwefindoutifthatis

Precision

Couldyoubemorespecific?Couldyougivememore

details?Couldyoubemoreexact?

CriticalThinkingCubeVersion1

ClarityCouldyouelaboratefurther?Couldyougivemeanexample?Couldyouillustratewhatyoumean?

Clarity Couldyouelaboratefurther?Couldyougivemeanexample?Couldyouillustratewhatyoumean?

Precision

Couldyoubemorespecific?Couldyougivememore

details?Couldyoubemoreexact?

RelevanceHowdoesthisrelatetotheproblem?Howdoesthatbearonthequestion?Howdoesthathelpuswiththeissue?

Breadth

Doweneedtolookathisfromanother

perspective?Doweneedtoconsideranotherpointofview?Doweneedtolookatthisin

otherways?

CriticalThinkingCubeVersion2

AccuracyHowcouldwecheckonthat?Howcouldwefindoutifthatistrue?Howcouldweverifyortestthat?

DepthWhatfactorsmakethisadifficultproblem?Whataresomeofthecomplexitiesofthisquestion?Whataresomedifficulties?

DescribeIt!Lookattheobjectcloselyanduseallyoursensestodescribeit.Useasmanyadjectivesasyoucan!

CreativeThinkingCube QuestionIt!

Whatdoyouwanttoknowabouttheobject?

Applyit!Whatcandowithit?Howcouldtheobjectbeused?

MathQuestionstouseforHomeworkHelp

Whenyourchildisstuck,ask….

• Whatdoyouknowthatisnotstatedintheproblem?• Whatfactsdoyouhave?• Howdidyoutacklesimilarproblems?• Couldyoutryitwithsimplernumbers?Fewernumbers?

Usinganumberline?• Wouldithelptocreateadiagram?Makeatable?Drawapicture?

Topromoteproblemsolving,ask……

• Whatdoyouneedtofindout?• Whatstrategiesareyougoingtouse?

Tomakeconnectionsamongideas,ask…

• Whatideashaveyoulearnedbeforethatwereusefulinsolvingthisproblem?Toencouragereflection,ask…

• Doesyouranswerseemreasonable?Whyorwhynot?• Canyoudescribeyourmethodtome?• Canyouexplainwhyitworks?

Tobuildconfidenceandrelyontheirownunderstanding,ask….

• Whyisthattrue?• Howdidyoureachthatconclusion?• Canyoumakeamodeltoshowthat?

Tohelpmakesenseofmathandreasonmathematically,ask…

• Canyouconvincetherestofusthatyouranswermakessense?• Canyoupredictthenextone?Whataboutthelastone?

• Howwouldyouprovethat?Tocheckprogress,ask…

• Canyouexplainwhatyouhavedonesofar?

• Whatelseistheretodo?• Whydidyoudecidetousethis

method?• Canyouthinkofanothermethodthat

mighthaveworked?• Isthereamoreefficientstrategy?

Trigger Rigor

motivate

implications

significance

consequence

Trigger Rigor

motivate

implications

significance

consequence

Trigger Rigor

motivate

implications

significance

consequence

Trigger Rigor

motivate

implications

significance

consequence

Why? Why? Why? Asking High Level Questions to … · Asking High Level Questions to Promote...

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