White aluminium by bio-inspiration

Villads Egede JohansenMarie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowvej22@cam.ac.uk

Vignolini group, Melville Laboratory,

Department of Chemistry,

University of Cambridge

Outline

White aluminium Bio-inspired colours Outlook

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The ODAAS1 project consortium

1Optically Designed Anodized Aluminum Surfaces

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The ODAAS1 project consortium

Scope

To obtain an anodised white appearance of aluminium to extend B&O’s designpossibilities beyond the current limitations

1Optically Designed Anodized Aluminum Surfaces

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Coloured aluminium

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Coloured aluminium

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Colouration of aluminum

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Colouration of aluminum

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Colouration of aluminum

There is no analogy between coloured

aluminium and white aluminium

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Why are objects white?

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Predicting white aluminium

Standard metal Green colored

Equally reflective Added diffuse

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Inventing new colours1

Visual perception of materials and their properties

Not only do we encounter new materials throughout our childhood, from time to timematerial science also creates new materials with completely novel appearances, suchas complex paints and textiles with unusual colour characteristics, or holograms, whichhave a highly distinctive “look”, quite unlike most natural materials.

1Roland W Fleming. “Visual perception of materials and their properties”. In: Vision Research 94 (2014),

pp. 62–75.

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Inventing new colours1

Visual perception of materials and their properties

Not only do we encounter new materials throughout our childhood, from time to timematerial science also creates new materials with completely novel appearances, suchas complex paints and textiles with unusual colour characteristics, or holograms, whichhave a highly distinctive “look”, quite unlike most natural materials.

⇒ perception of a new material can be shaped “freely”

1Roland W Fleming. “Visual perception of materials and their properties”. In: Vision Research 94 (2014),

pp. 62–75.

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Outline

White aluminium Bio-inspired colours Outlook

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The Morpho butterfly1 – a motivation

1P Vukusic et al. “Quantified interference and diffraction in single Morpho butterfly scales”. In: Proceedings of the

Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 266 (Apr. 1999), pp. 1403–11.

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Basic types of visible light interaction1

Absorption Incoherent Coherent

Material properties Particle scattering Interference

(plasmonic effects) (rainbows) (structure interaction)

1Richard O Prum, Tim Quinn, and Rodolfo H Torres. “Anatomically diverse butterfly scales all produce structural

colours by coherent scattering”. In: The Journal of Experimental Biology 209 (2006), pp. 748–765.

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Wave interference

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Wave interference

Optical path diff.

Air

Soap

Air

Wave 1 Wave 2

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Wave interference

Optical path diff.

Air

Soap

Air

Wave 1 Wave 2

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Wave interference

Optical path diff.

Air

Soap

Air

Wave 1 Wave 2

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Wave interference

Optical path diff.

Air

Soap

Air

Wave 1 Wave 2

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Wave interference

Optical path diff.

Air

Soap

Air

Wave 1 Wave 2

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Multilayers in beetles1

1Doekele G Stavenga et al. “Polarized iridescence of the multilayered elytra of the Japanese jewel beetle,

Chrysochroa fulgidissima”. In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 366 (2011), pp. 709–23.

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Iridescent peacock feathers1 (2D photonic crystal)

1Jian Zi et al. “Coloration strategies in peacock feathers”. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

100.22 (2003), pp. 12576–78.

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White beetle1

1Matteo Burresi et al. “Bright-White Beetle Scales Optimise Multiple Scattering of Light”. In: Scientific Reports

4.6075 (2014), pp. 1–7.

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And the list continues. . .

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Take a minute to reflect upon Nature’s wonders

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Morpho blue biomimicry12

1Akira Saito. Biomimetics in Photonics (Chapter 7). CRC Press, 2012.

2Akira Saito et al. “Reproduction, Mass-production, and Control of the Morpho-butterfly’s Blue”. In: Advanced

Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics II. vol. 7205. Sept. 2009, pp. 720506–9.

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Other theoretical design predictions1 23

1Villads E Johansen. “Optical role of randomness for structured surfaces”. In: Applied Optics 53.11 (Apr. 2014),

pp. 2405–15.

2Jacob Andkjær et al. “Inverse design of nanostructured surfaces for color effects”. In: Journal of the Optical

Society of America B 31.1 (Jan. 2014), pp. 164–74.

3Villads E Johansen et al. “Designing visual appearance using a structured surface”. In: Optica 2.3 (2015),

pp. 239–45.

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Other theoretical design predictions1 23

1Villads E Johansen. “Optical role of randomness for structured surfaces”. In: Applied Optics 53.11 (Apr. 2014),

pp. 2405–15.

2Jacob Andkjær et al. “Inverse design of nanostructured surfaces for color effects”. In: Journal of the Optical

Society of America B 31.1 (Jan. 2014), pp. 164–74.

3Villads E Johansen et al. “Designing visual appearance using a structured surface”. In: Optica 2.3 (2015),

pp. 239–45.

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Conceptual design of white aluminium

Red aluminium Mirror-like aluminium White aluminium concept

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Proposals for obtaining white aluminium

Partly painted surface

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Proposals for obtaining white aluminium

Partly painted surfaceButterfly structuring

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Proposals for obtaining white aluminium

Partly painted surfaceButterfly structuring

Optical brightening

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Proposals for obtaining white aluminium

Partly painted surfaceButterfly structuring

Optical brightening Mixing paint particles in Al

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Trial results

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Derived effects

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Outline

White aluminium Bio-inspired colours Outlook

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Bio-inspired photonics1

1www.ch.cam.ac.uk/group/vignolini

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Cellulose NanoCrystal (CNC) films1

Cellulose structure

9

acid hydrolysis of e.g. wood pulp → CNC → film casting

1ref.

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CNC droplets1

1Richard M Parker et al. “Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals in a Confined Geometry”. In: ACS

Nano tbd (2016).

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Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) sensors1

* This material is edible!

1Gen Kamita et al. “Biocompatible and Sustainable Optical Strain Sensors for Large-Area Applications”. In:

Advanced Optical Material tbd (2016).

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Conclusions

• White aluminium now exists?

• Visual appearance can be designed

• Nanotechnology allows novel designs and

investigations

• Novel appearance = novel material

• Awareness of gap between lab scale and

production scale is important

• . . . forgetting that awareness is important as

well

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Questions?

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