Post on 16-Dec-2015
What do you know T-Chart
CatholicismHead of the religion
Religious capital (city)
Name of clergy members
Rules for clergy (marriage, dress)
Language at services
Protestantism
Bell Work
List 3 specific problems you have with school.Why do you feel this way?How would you change it?
OBJECTIVE
• Understand why the Protestant Reformation happened
• Understand the main points of Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis
Causes of the Reformation
• Renaissance – Values
• Printing Press & Vernacular
• Powerful Monarchs
• People were unhappy with the Church– Corruption
Abuses in the Church
• Church charged fees for services:– marriages, funerals, and baptisms– To raise money to support their lifestyle
• Simony– Selling of Church offices
• Marriage of Priests
• Salvation through ---- Indulgences
Indulgences
• Monies people paid to priests – decreased their soul’s time in purgatory– Released a sinner from performing a penalty for sins
• A pardon
• John Tetzel– He offered indulgences to anyone who contributed
money for rebuilding the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome.
– not only to living people but for their dead relatives as well
Early Critics
• John Wycliffe & Jan Hus
– Denied pope had worldly power
– Bible had more power than Church leaders
Questions
• What are indulgences?
• Who is John Tetzel?
• Predict which of the reasons for the Reformation will cause Luther to protest.
Background…
• rough childhood– His parents were peasants– His parents were cruel
• The storm that changed Luther’s life– Luther devotes his life to the
church– Wants to be a good Christian– Unhappy with the church
Luther the Monk
• Luther spent every waking hour trying to earn his way into heaven
• The harder Luther worked, the more he became disillusioned by the demands of the church
Problems With the Church?Problems With the Church?
►Popes became very richPopes became very rich
►Popes were involved in warsPopes were involved in wars
►Many priests & monks were poorly Many priests & monks were poorly educatededucated No German BiblesNo German Bibles
►Many also had wives & children!Many also had wives & children!
Luther Challenges the Church• Luther became upset
– Problems in church & Johann Tetzel
• Luther’s response:– The 95 Thesis– This starts the Reformation
95 Theses• Nails to Castle Church in
Wittenberg, Germany• Major Points
– Bible Alone• Bible is Ultimate Authority
– Faith alone• Salvation only attained by faith
– All are equal• All believers are equal under god
Called for Modifications– Rejected 5 of 7 sacraments, not in the Bible– Banned indulgences, confession, pilgrimages,
prayers to saints– Allow clergy to marry
Questions
• After the storm, what does Luther promise to become?
• What is Luther’s response to Tetzel selling indulgences?
• What are Luther’s 3 main points?
Bell Work
• What practices of the Catholic Church might have angered churchgoers?– Popes pursued worldly affairs, indulgences,
and marriage/children
• What caused Luther’s ideas to spread throughout Germany– Printed word, people started thinking for
themselves
Objective:• Understand and determine the cause and effect of
how different groups responded to Luther’s 95 Thesis– Church/Pope– Holy Roman Emperor– German Princes – Peasants
• Understand the importance of Henry VIII decision to separate from the Catholic Church and how his actions are linked to Luther as well as Germany.
• Reason: It will help students understand the causes, effects and responses to Luther’s 95 Theses.
Exit SlipOn a half piece of paper answer these questions:
1.What did you think of the way this activity was run? Please be honest.
2. If you could have changed this activity for the better, what would you have done and why?
3.How did the church want people to reach salvation? How did Luther want people to reach salvation?
4.What are the three major Protestant religions?
5.What is predestination and which religion believes in it?
Luther’s Response at Worms
• I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. I cannot do otherwise, here I stand, may God help me. Amen.
• Go over Video Clip
Response of the Church
• Pope Leo issued a decree– Threaten excommunication– Luther refuses to recant
• Luther excommunicated
• Though Luther was excommunicated; his ideas still spread. How?
Holy Roman Emperor• Charles V
– Devout Catholic
• Diet at Worms– Ordered Luther to trial– Luther refused to recant– Edict of Worms
Edit of Worms
• Charles declared Luther an outlaw & heretic
– What does this mean for Luther?
– What happened to Luther after the trial?• Some princes helped him
• Luther’s followers became known as– Lutherans
• Anyone that protested against the Catholic Church become known as– Protestants
Peasant Revolts
• Unhappy– Wanted reform like Luther
• Social & Economic
– End Serfdom
• Peasants Revolt• Luther upset
– Revolt is not how to do things
• Princes’ armies crush revolt, told by Luther– Peasants reject Luther
German Princes• German Princes
– Some shared beliefs– Some want land back
• From Charles V– Others remained loyal to the
Pope
• War with Charles V– Charles V tried to force
Lutheran princes back into the Catholic Church
– Protestants vs. Catholics
– Peace of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg
– (1555) Peace of Augsburg allowed princes to decide the religion of their land:
• Catholic or Lutheran– Most northern states: Lutheran– Southern states: Catholic
Questions
• What in Luther’s teachings inspired the peasants to revolt– People are free to make their own decisions about
religion
• Why do you think Charles V could not force the Protestant princes back into the Catholic Church, even after war?– Luther’s ideas too strong, people lost faith in the
church
Questions
• What in Luther’s teachings inspired the peasants to revolt– People are free to make their own decisions about
religion
• Why do you think Charles V could not force the Protestant princes back into the Catholic Church, even after war?– Luther’s ideas too strong, people lost faith in the
church
Bell WorkBell Work
►Turn to page 492 in your bookTurn to page 492 in your book How many years are represented on the time How many years are represented on the time
line?line? How many rulers of England are shown on How many rulers of England are shown on
the time line?the time line? How many years did Mary rule? What religion How many years did Mary rule? What religion
was she?was she?
►What does the timeline tell us about What does the timeline tell us about religion in England?religion in England?
Henry’s BackgroundHenry’s Background
►Became king of England at age 18
►Henry was loyal to the church Henry criticized Luther
►“Limb of the Devil”
The Pope called Henry VIII ►“Defender of the Faith”
CauseCause of the Reformation in of the Reformation in EnglandEngland
►PROBLEM!!! Feared a civil war after his death Henry needed an heir
►Henry & Catherine of Aragon had one child: Mary ~ no woman had ever successfully
claimed the throne Henry and Catherine’s five other children had
all died at birth
Henry’s Solution?Henry’s Solution?A new wife!A new wife!
► Henry thought his wife was the problem (Genes??)
► He wanted to marry another woman: Anne Boleyn
► The problem? The Pope was under the
influence of Charles V ►Catherine’s cousin
He would not grant the divorce
Henry’s Plan B?Henry’s Plan B?Separate From the Church!Separate From the Church!
►Henry asked Parliament to strip the Pope of his power over England
►The Act of Supremacy This act declared the king the head
of the Church in England►Parliament then gave Henry his divorce
►He married Anne Boleyn
Plan C?Plan C?
►Anne Boleyn Gave birth to a daughter ~ Elizabeth
►What was Henry to do? Charge her w/treason Have her beheaded
►Jane Seymour Gave him a son~ Edward She died and he married 3 more times
►No more children
► Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon (Divorced)(Divorced)
► Anne Boleyn (Beheaded)Anne Boleyn (Beheaded)
► Jane Seymour (Died)Jane Seymour (Died)
► Anne of Cleves (Divorced)Anne of Cleves (Divorced)
► Catherine Howard Catherine Howard (Beheaded)(Beheaded)
► Catherine ParrCatherine Parr (Survived)(Survived)
Effects of the Reformation in Effects of the Reformation in EnglandEngland
►Religious TurmoilReligious Turmoil Edward ~ guided by devout ProtestantsEdward ~ guided by devout Protestants
►Introduced protestant reforms to EnglandIntroduced protestant reforms to England
Mary ~ CatholicMary ~ Catholic►Returned the English Church to the rule of the Returned the English Church to the rule of the
popepope
►ViolenceViolence – “Bloody Mary” – “Bloody Mary” Not everyone wanted to return to the Not everyone wanted to return to the
Catholic ChurchCatholic Church She had many Protestants killedShe had many Protestants killed
ElizabethElizabeth► Establishes the Church of England
~Anglican Church No Pope – Elizabeth Only legal church in England
► For Protestants Priests allowed to marry Sermons in English
► For Catholics Kept things like rich robes Revised the services
QuestionsQuestions
►What was Henry’s main problem?What was Henry’s main problem? Needs an heir (son)Needs an heir (son)
►What was the next problem Henry What was the next problem Henry faced?faced? Needs a divorceNeeds a divorce
►How did he solve both problems?How did he solve both problems? Created his own church, Act of SupremacyCreated his own church, Act of Supremacy
To DoTo Do
►Review sheet – Test FridayReview sheet – Test Friday
►Read Section 4Read Section 4 Finish wks for tomorrowFinish wks for tomorrow
►You will NEED your BOOKS You will NEED your BOOKS TOMORROW!!!TOMORROW!!! 2 more sections of notes left2 more sections of notes left
Bell Work
• Turn to page 496 in your book– Read “Calvin leads the Reformation in Switzerland”
• How would your life be different in you lived in a theocracy like Geneva?
To Do• Take out a piece of paper & fold it into 4 boxes
– either hot dog or hamburger, doesn’t matter.
• Give each section a heading:– Catholicism - Lutheranism - Calvinism - Anglicanism
• Find this information– Leadership:
• Religious leader is who?
– How does one gain salvation– Role of the Bible
• Bible is the source of what?
– Worship services: • Services were based on/focused on?
– Interpretation of Beliefs within the religion• Who interpreted the Bible
• Draw a picture for each piece of information, to help you remember.
– Hint: your book will help you
Objective
Understand why new religions were created, differentiate between, and appreciate the significance of new ideologies.
Roman Catholic
• Pope is head of Church
• Canon Law
• Salvation by indulgences
• Priest interprets Bible for everyone
Protestant
• Anabaptism:– a member of a 16th-century Protestant
movement promoting the doctrine of adult baptism on the grounds that only adults can accept and declare their faith on their own behalf
Lutheran• Martin Luther: Germany
– Bible is word of God– All believers are equal– Believers interpret bible– Salvation attained by faith alone
Anglican• Henry VIII
– Church of England
• English Monarch head of Church– Salvation by faith – Bible source of revealed truth– Believers interpret Bible w/
tradition and reason
John Calvin
• Follower of Luther
• Studied law & philosophy in Fr.
• Fled to Switz. to avoid persecution
The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)
• John Calvin’s book– Summary of Protestant
philosophy– Influential in spreading
Protestant beliefs
Calvin’s Main Ideas
• Predestination– People naturally sinful– God would select a “chosen few” to be free of sin
– How is this different from Luther’s ideas?
• Theocracy: • Government controlled by religious leaders
– The chosen ones would rule in society and glorify god
• Salvation reached through faith alone• Bible only source of truth
Calvin’s Geneva• Calvin & his followers ran the city
– Fines and other punishments for fighting, swearing, laughing in church, or dancing. Closed theatres, no elaborate dress
• Those who broke the rules– Imprisoned, excommunicated, banished
• If you preached different doctrines– Might be burned at the stake
John Knox
• Knox visited Geneva – Knox brought Protestantism to
Scotland
• Knox established Protestant communities – governed by a small group of
elders– Presbyters (Presbyterians)
Protestant Churches Spread
• French Calvinists = Huguenots
• Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Scotland, England were all dominated by Protestants by the end of the 1500s
Questions
• How did Protestant teaching lead to the forming of new groups?– It encouraged people to discover their own
truths in the Bible
• How is Calvinism like Lutheranism? Different?
To Do
• Review for Review Day– Work on your STUDY GUIDE!!!
• Tomorrow quick notes and review– How long we review is up to you!!!
Bell WorkBell Work
Define “Counter”Define “Counter”
Why would Protestants call the Why would Protestants call the Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation the the Counter Counter ReformationReformation??
ObjectivesObjectives
Trace the reforms of the Catholic Trace the reforms of the Catholic ReformationReformation
Summarize the legacy of the Summarize the legacy of the ReformationReformation
IgnatiusIgnatius
A Catholic from SpainA Catholic from Spain Injured in battle with the FrenchInjured in battle with the French
During recovery, thought During recovery, thought about his relationship with about his relationship with godgod Spiritual ExercisesSpiritual Exercises
Day-by-day plan for prayer and Day-by-day plan for prayer and studystudy
Believed they cleansed his soulBelieved they cleansed his soul
Founded the Society of JesusFounded the Society of Jesus JesuitsJesuits
The Three Activities of The Three Activities of the Jesuitsthe Jesuits
1.1. Created schools where priests were Created schools where priests were well educatedwell educated
2.2. Converted non-ChristiansConverted non-Christians
3.3. Devoted to stopping the spread of Devoted to stopping the spread of ProtestantismProtestantism
Reform of the ChurchReform of the Church
Goals:Goals: Strengthen the Catholic ChurchStrengthen the Catholic Church Combat ProtestantismCombat Protestantism
Popes took action to fix problems w/in the Popes took action to fix problems w/in the churchchurch Investigated simony, indulgences, and other abuses Investigated simony, indulgences, and other abuses
in the churchin the church Called Council of Trent into sessionCalled Council of Trent into session
The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent
The Pope’s interpretation of the Bible The Pope’s interpretation of the Bible was final. was final.
Those who disagreed were hereticsThose who disagreed were heretics
Christians were Christians were notnot saved by faith alone saved by faith alone It was faith It was faith andand good deeds good deeds
The Bible and Church shared equal The Bible and Church shared equal authority authority
Indulgences, pilgrimages and other Indulgences, pilgrimages and other church practices were acceptablechurch practices were acceptable
QuestionsQuestions
Why did Catholics call it the Catholic Why did Catholics call it the Catholic Reformation and the Protestants call Reformation and the Protestants call it the Counter Reformation?it the Counter Reformation?
How did the Jesuits help the Catholic How did the Jesuits help the Catholic Reformation?Reformation?
How much did the Council of Trent How much did the Council of Trent reform the church?reform the church?