Post on 05-Apr-2018
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Welcome to Psychology
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1.1 Why Study Psychology?
Psychology provides tools tohelp us gain insight into our
own behavior, as well as our
relationships with others.
Definition of Psychology: thescientific study of behavior
and mental processes.
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Psychological Needs
are things like love,comfort, security
Physiological Needs
are physical Needs arethings you have to have
like food, water, sleep.3
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4 Goals of Psychology:(yes, write these down they will be on the test also located on pg. 10 in your text,
if your text is
not open then you need to be opening it now)
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Learning about psychology can helpyou gain
a better understanding
of your own behavior.
knowledge about howpsychologists study
human and animalbehavior.
practical applicationsfor enriching your life.
Example: The child throws a fitevery time he goes to Wal-Mart
and his mom says no by thecandy aisle.
fotosearch.com
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Psychology is
Empirical
that
means information is
obtained through
observation and
experimentation
not
common sense or
guessing.
moisiadis.com6
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By accumulating knowledge we are able to predict what
people or animals will do or think in certain situations andpredict future behaviors. 7
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Basic Science:Research Ex. Research ondrug effects on the brain.
Applied Science:putting that research to usefor a purpose Example:Using research on how drugseffect the brain to come upwith a new antidepressant tohelp people suffering from
depression.
There are two types of
science that influencespsychology.
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Last point: Psychology is a behavioralscience. Psychologists rely on the scientificmethod to obtain their data.
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Pseudoscience
Greek for False Science Examples:
Horoscopes, Astrology, Phrenology
scienceandsociety.emory.edu
24medialabs.com
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Chapter 1.2:
History of Psychology
Aristotle (384-322 BCE.)
Started asking how the mind
and the body were related??
Were the separate or related??
Are ideas inborn or is themind a blank slate filled by
experience?en.wikipedia.org
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Rene Descartes I think therefore I am
Pioneer philosopher.He was brilliant.Descartes also madegreat strides in
geometry. Greatscientific mind, wasasked and asked againby the QueenChristinia of Swedento come teach herphilosophy. He
forcibly went andcaught ammonia whilewaiting for her anddied.
plato.stanford.edu
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Rene Descartes' Illustration ofinputs passed on by the sensoryorgans to the epiphysis in thebrain and from there to theimmaterial spirit.
Dualism: the concept of the mind and bodyare separate and distinct.
Descartes held that, unlikehumans, animals could bereductively explained asautomata De homines 1622)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEr8hnvzeHU
Dualism
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Foundations of Modern
Psychology Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of natural selection (1859)
Darwins theory encouraged scientific inquiry
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Okay Psychology is going to go through atransition. It actually goes through severaltransitions to brace for the ride. (Epcot)
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3 Things you need to rememberabout your daddy:
1. Wilhelm Wundt opened thefirst psychology laboratoryin Germany.
2. Changed psychology from aphilosophy to a science.
3. Studied introspection.Introspection meanslooking within yourself.How do you feel about thisor that. How does that rose
make you feel? 19
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William James(1842-1910)
Broke down consciousness to basicthoughts.
Introspection - self-observationof ones own conscious experiences
Investigate the function, or purposeof consciousness rather than its
structureLeaned toward applied work
(natural surroundings) Environment
Wilhelm Wundt
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William James Whatyou have two daddies? Yes,one is your American
Daddy. Known as the
Father of American
Psychology. You also needto know he wrote the 1st
Psychology Book.
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Phrenology
led scientists to studythe bumps on the headto determine humanbehavior Phrenologyis considered apseudoscience (FalseScience)
sparkmuseum.com
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Inherited TraitsSir Francis Galton said that heredity influences a
persons abilities, character, and behavior. For example, if your
parents are mentally challenged then you should be sterilized so
that you dont have mentally challenged children.
His cousin was Charles Darwin, began eugenics movement.
indyweek.com
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alexbinetti.wordpress.com
Gestalt Psychology
MaxWertheimer
(1880-1943)
The whole is different than
the sum of its parts.
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Can you read this?
This is bcuseae the
huammn mnid deos notraed ervey lteter by
istlef, but the word as awlohe. Amzanig, huh?
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What is it?? We like to fill in the gaps
so that we see objects as wholes.
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New Transition
Contemporary Approaches:
These are the ones we will use the rest
of the semester!! Yes write them
down!!!In fact put the list under your
pillow at night so that you can dream
about them and then unconsciouslyyou
will remember them. This is also how
the book is broken up into. Pg. 1827
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Contemporary Psychology Psychologys Perspectives
A lot depends on your viewpoint
You have 6 to remember:
1.Psychoanalysis2.Cognitive3.Behaviorial4.Biological
5.Socio-cultural6.Humanistic
On your test you will have to write aParagraph about each one and
include a founding father.
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Psychoanalytic Psychology
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Psychoanalytic Psychology
Study of unconscious motives and conflicts thatdetermine behavior.
Unconscious are motives that you are not aware of. Forinstance if someone with brown hair rejects you, thenyou might not talk to people with that color hair.
Conscious are motives that you are aware of.
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Psychoanalytic Psychology
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Psychoanalytic Psychology
Study of unconscious motives and conflicts thatdetermine behavior.
Freud used the technique called free association Hewould say a word and you would say the first wordthat popped in your head and he would thenanalysis what is going on in your unconscious.
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Sigmund Freud:Father of Psychoanalysis NOT psychology!!!!
Unconscious expressed indreams & slips of the tongue
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sciencedaily.com
Cognitive Approach
Cognitive Psychologists return
to the study of learning,memory, perception, language,
development & problemsolving Example: Is your boyfriend
dumping you traumatic or do you justthink it is therefore you are depressed?
Or..your ability to do math compared to a
5 year old. You can understand abstract
thinking that goes along with statistics.
Cognition is the mental processesinvolved in acquiring, processing,
storing & using information
child-development-guide.com
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Cognitive Approach
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JEAN PIAGET
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JEAN PIAGET
1896
1980 Worked in France
administering BinetsIQ test.
Children do not thinklike adults. Why?
Created 4 stages ofcognitive ability that
accurately explain thebehavior of children.
Influenced teachersand school system.
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Biological Approach
FocusHow the body and brain
create emotions, memories,
and sensory experiences.
Sample Issues Depression and antidepressants. Problems
with thyroids. How are messages transmitted within the
body?
How is blood chemistry linked with moods
and motives? 35
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Behavioral Approach
Scientific Psychologyshould focus on
observable behavior.
John Watson(1878-1958)
Ivan Pavlov
If you do a trick I willgive you a treat.
B.F. Skinner 36
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B F SKINNER
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B. F. SKINNER
1904
1990Operant Conditioning-Organisms learnbehavior through theconsequences of thatbehavior.
Reinforcement vs.Punishment
Shaping-learningcomplex behaviorsthrough learning smallsteps of that behavior.
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Social-Cultural ApproachFocus
How behavior and thinkingvary across situations
and cultures.
Sample Issues How are we, as members of different races andnationalities, alike as members of one human family? How do we differ, as products of different social contexts? Why do people sometimes act differently in groups thanwhen alone?
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Humanistic Approach
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Carl Rogers believed in client centered therapyAbraham Maslow came up with the Hierarchy of needs
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What Causes Behavior?
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Fields of Psychology
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Psychologist is someone who is
trained to observe and influencebehavior in people.
Psychiatrist is a medical doctorthat can prescribe medicine.
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Work In Psychology (?)
Universities &Colleges
27.2%
Elementary/Secondary
Schools
4.2%
Hospitals,Counseling,Clinics, etc.
22.3%
Business,Government orConsulting
12.1%
IndependentPractice
33.1%