Wednesday 9/26/18Agenda:-Hand in homework and sit down quietly-Do Now-Recap of yesterday’s Lab-Mutation Video-Mutation Evolution

HW:

C5.1 Homework Notes

Jognogs due next Tues.

Bumble Bee Bio

What you did…….

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What you learned….-----

Top Takeaways

● DNA are located in the nucleus of a cell

● DNA provides Genetic Instructions to proteins

● Proteins make genetic traits (eye color, ear shape, hair texture)

● The “language” of DNA is different from the “Language” of Proteins

● mRNA are “translators “ that take DNA “language” and change it to language Proteins can understandDNA: CGT- ACGRNA: CGU-TGC

● Once understood Proteins can carry out instructions and the organism will exhibit specific traits!

Mutations★ Occurs during the replication of

cells.

★ When the instructions given by the DNA, don’t properly get translated by mRNA.

★ Results in a gene that is “mutated”

★ Can be seen in all living things

Mutation Documentary

● We will be watching a mutation documentary

● You will have to complete the worksheet while you watch (only 7 questions!!)

HW: C5:1 Homework Notes + JogNogs due next Tuesday!

Natural Selection

Evolution

Mutation

DO NOW:

Today

1

✘ GO OVER THE DO NOW✘ YOUR ANSWERS✘ ACTUAL DEFINITIONS

2

✘ INTRO TO LAB✘ ADDRESS LAB RULES✘ EXPLAIN WHAT IS GOING

TO BE EXPECTED OF YOU

3

HOMEWORK: FINISH LAB QUESTIONS

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10

C5.2 Breeding Bunnies Lab

In this activity, you will examine natural selection in a small population of wild rabbits. Evolution, on a genetic level, is a change in the number of times (frequency) a specific trait appears in a population over a period of time. Breeders of rabbits have long been familiar with a variety of genetic traits that affect the survivability of rabbits in the wild. One such trait is the trait for furless rabbits (naked bunnies). This trait was first discovered in England by W.E. Castle in 1933. The furless rabbit is rarely found in the wild because cold winters are a definite selective force against it. For this lab the fur trait is represented by the letter F or f. v F = the allele for the dominant trait of normal fur

v f = the allele for the recessive trait of no fur

REMEMBER…..

GENOTYPE >> LETTERS

TT Tt t t

Phenotype >> “Photo” What you SEE of the trait

In this lab….

FFor

Ffff

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· You are a colony of bunnies looking to reproduce here in the beautiful town of Waltham! · You will then be split up into six different “homes” (Lab benches) where you spend most of your time. · Your colony is close and therefore you all roam freely from nest to nest looking for a mate. Step 1: You are the first generation of bunnies. Fill out the First column in the Data table Step 2: Come put your letters in a bag and go back to your nest Step 3: In your nests each of you will pick out of the bag two new alleles. Step 4: Take Data on Generation Two. Step 5: Come put your letter back in the bag and go back to your nest Step 6: Take Data on Generation Three

How this is going

to work…...

Welcome Back Folks!

The Week ahead!

Today: DO NOW!!!!!!!! Natural Selection + Evolution

Tomorrow: Beak Vs. Food Lab!!

Thursday: Expert reading group Activity!

Friday: Mutt Maker Lab!

Homework Tonight:

Go to Animal Planet website and complete Adaptation

Worksheet!!

Instructions: Based on the 10

Animal Adaptations shown in

the link below, choose three

animals and fill in the chart

above

*http://www.animalplanet.com/

wild-animals/flight/

Test Corrections and retakes are due THIS friday!!!!!!!!

New JogNogs are out: Evolution & Environment and

Evolution TERMS

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Your turn!

On your own you are going to fill out the K-W-L chart answering the following prompt…..

What do you know about the theory of evolution? (What do you think it is? How did you hear about it?)

K

KNow

What you know (You should have filled this out already)

W

Want

What you want to know

Learned

This is not going to be filled out until the end of the period. When done you will hand in to me as your EXIT TICKET!

L

The Man Himself

Charles Darwin is known as the “Father” of Evolution

What did he do?

Natural Selection

EvolutionMutations

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Natural Selection:

Natural Selection & Evolution

Evolution:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnktXHBvE8s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOfRN0KihOU

Natural Selection

organisms better adapted to their

environment will survive and produce

more offspring

Artificial Selection

Selecting parents with certain

desired traits in hopes that their

offspring will have those traits

Natural or Artificial?

In a habitat there are red bugs and green bugs. The birds prefer the

taste of the red bugs, so soon there are many green bugs and few red

bugs. The green bugs reproduce and make more green bugs and

eventually there are no more red bugs

Artificial Natural

Insects become resistant to pesticides very quickly, sometime in one

generation. If an insect is resistant to the chemical, most of the

offspring will also be resistant. Considering that insect generations

can be a matter of weeks, insects in an area can become immune to

a chemical within months.

Artificial Natural

dairy farmers will look for the cows that can produce the most milk

and only breed those cows. These cows then pass their genes that

contribute to higher milk production onto their offspring, increasing

productivity each generation for the farmers.

Artificial Natural

The peppered moth used to be a light color with black spots. When the

atmosphere in London became filled with soot because of the

Industrial Revolution, the white trees became darker and light

colored moths were eaten by birds more readily. Within months,

moths became darker and lighter moths were rare. After the

Industrial Revolution, light colored moths were found in greater

numbers.

Artificial Natural

Humans have been using agriculture and cross pollinating to

manipulate the genomes of different plant species, especially wheat,

whose chromosomal number increased as agriculture progressed. This

kind of manipulation is responsible for foods like seedless

watermelons and other seedless fruit. (for example: a banana is

triploid, having 2 sets of chromosomes from one parent and 1 set of

chromosomes from the other parent, these triploids don't really

produce egg/sperm with balanced chromosomes so a seed set is rare

thus leading to a banana with no seeds).

Artificial Natural

Adaptation

Change by which an organism or

species becomes better suited to

its environment

Population

All inhabitants of a specific

area/land

Population Comparison

2016 2010 2005

Humans in Waltham 63,002 60,876 60,180

Humans in Medway 13,308 12,786 12,814

Humans in Accra, Ghana 2.27 Mill 1.594 Mill 1.9 Mill

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Evolution

populations and species of

organisms change over time.

Generation Time

average time between two

consecutive generations in the

lineages of a population

Ecosystem

a biological community of

interacting organisms and their

physical environment

Happy Wednesday!!

Here’s the game plan people….

➔ Quick Recap

➔ Check HW packet ( I will be collecting this one)

➔ Geologic Speed Dating

HW: 6.3 Notes (Posted online + Hard copies up front)

Let’s Recap….You have done 6.2 & 6.3 NotesYou’ve done a packet on “Proof of Evolution”You’ve seen a movie on how humans have evolved and adapted as a speciesYou know that only the traits that keep an organism alive get passed onYou’ve learned about natural selection You’ve learned about Artificial SelectionAnd we know that we all trace back to the same ancestorsBut who came before them? How did they come from primates?

The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of

chronological dating that relates

geological strata (stratigraphy) to time. It

is used biologists, paleontologists, and

other Earth scientists to describe the

timing and relationships of events that

have occurred during Earth's history.

We use this thing…...

. ..… What?

It is a “timeline” that scientists have developed through data to help us understand how old our earth is and how long “life” has been around

Proof of Evolution

Eons

Eons are the largest intervals of geologic time and

are hundreds of millions of years in duration. In the

time scale above you can see the Phanerozoic Eon is

the most recent eon and began more than 500 million

years ago.

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Eras

Eons are divided into smaller time intervals known as

eras. In the time scale above you can see that the

Phanerozoic is divided into three eras: Cenozoic,

Mesozoic and Paleozoic. Very significant events in

Earth's history are used to determine the boundaries

of the eras.

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Periods

Eras are subdivided into periods. The events that bound

the periods are widespread in their extent but are not

as significant as those which bound the eras. In the

time scale above you can see that the Paleozoic is

subdivided into the Permian, Pennsylvanian,

Mississippian, Devonian, Silurian, Ordovician and

Cambrian periods

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Epochs

Finer subdivisions of time are possible, and the periods

of the Cenozoic are frequently subdivided into epochs.

Subdivision of periods into epochs can be done only for

the most recent portion of the geologic time scale.

This is because older rocks have been buried deeply,

intensely deformed and severely modified by

long-term earth processes. As a result, the history

contained within these rocks cannot be as clearly

interpreted.

Millions and billions

✘ Lots of years✘ Lots of evidence✘ But what does this look like?

Imagine a football field….https://www.npr.org/2016/11/22/502920622/watch-earths-history-play-out-on-a-football-field

Geologic Speed Dating…..

1. We will count off A, B C or D around the room2. You will get a reading that corresponds to your Era.3. You will get 15 minutes to read up and become an “expert” on your era.4. When the timer sounds you should be done and ready to mingle!5. I will announce and post the “dating schedule” Find your sessions6. I will ring the bell and call out the session. 7. You will come over to the lab area and sit across from one another

(already set up)8. You will have 5 minutes to explain to the other person your era. You will

record their data on your sheet9. You will begin on my bell

10. When the timer sounds you will say your goodbye’s and return to your seat

Speed Dating Schedule

You all will attend 3 dating sessions

“Successful Singles” (A’s) “Date Dash” (D’s)“Mix N Mingle” (B’s) “Catch a Match” (C’s)

Session 1: A’s and B’s Session 4: B’s and C’s

Session 2: C’s and D’s Session 5: A’s and C’s

Session 3: B’s and D’s Session 6: A’s and D’s

Before you leave

Exit Ticket

HW: 6.3 Homework Notes

Thursday 10/18

1. DO NOW2. Check HW3. Whales with Legs? Video4. Slides on info5. Announcements for next week/ Hand out study guide6. Bingo- winner gets 3 points added on to their upcoming

test gradeHW: CER (Claim Evidence Reasoning)Start to Look at study guide

Whales are Mammals?

DO NOW: Head down vote. Who thinks a Whale is a FIsh? WHo thinks a whale is a mammal? Video =

CER (Claim Evidence Reasoning)Claim:

Characteristic Animal Behaviors and specialized

plant structures that increase the probability of

successful reproduction of animals or plants

Sexual Selection

Physical

➔ Bright flower colors➔ Odors➔ Nectar taste➔ Hard shells➔ Visual appearance➔ Strength➔ Elaborate “displays”

Behavioral

Fight skills Nest building SkillsTransferring pollen or seedsCreating conditions for seed germination or growthHerding skillsMonogamous relationships need courtship Dancing skillsSinging skills

Organism Interactions

Competitive - Organisms compete for the same resource. Can occur within or between speciesCommensalism- only one species gains while the other is neither helped nor harmedPredatory- organisms preying naturally on othersParasitic- One organism gains while the other suffersMutualism- both partners benefit

Which is which?

Shout out what you think it is

Plantae

❖ Provide oxygen, shelter, clothing, food and medicine ❖ Diverse group❖ Contains vascular and non -vascular plants ❖ Contains seed bearing and non-seed-bearing plants❖ Contains flowering and non-flowering plants❖ Plants are primary producers for all other living organisms!❖ Just need water, nutrient rich soil, and sunlight❖ Examples: all plants, ferns, flowers etc.

Animalia

❖ Multicellular eukaryotes❖ Depend on plants and or other organisms for their nutrition❖ Most live in aquatic environments and range in size❖ Reproduce sexually❖ Examples: Mammals, amphibians, sponges, insects, worms

Fungi

❖ Contains unicellular and multicellular organisms

❖ Not capable of photosynthesis❖ Important because the recycle nutrients back into

the environment ❖ Reproduce through both sexual or asexual

reproduction❖ Absorb their nutrients ❖ Examples: mushrooms, yeast and molds

Protista

❖ Very diverse kingdom❖ Some organisms look like fungi❖ Some organisms look like animals❖ These are Eukaryotic organisms that have a nucleus that is enclosed inside a

membrane❖ Some have organelles like mitochondria❖ A lot are parasitic pathogens that cause disease within animals or humans❖ Some participate in commensalism or mutualism ❖ Can take in nutrients via absorption or photosynthesis❖ Examples: Amoebae, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, euglena, slime molds.

Eubacteria

❖ True Bacteria❖ Live in almost every type of environment❖ Often associated with disease but that is not always the case there is

lots of good bacteria too❖ Reproduce asexually through binary fission❖ Takes in nutrients through absorption, or photosynthesis ❖ Examples Cynobacteria (blue/green algae) Actino bacteria

Archaebacteria

❖ ANCIENT Bacteria❖ Single-Celled Prokaryotes❖ Reproduce asexually❖ Nutrition is through absorption NOT photosynthesis❖ Has a cell wall that protects it from very inhospitable places❖ Examples: Bacteria such as---Methanogens, Halophiles, Thermophiles,

Psychrophiles

It’s Bingo Time Baby!!!

❖ I will read out definition❖ If you have the term you will place a bean on that box❖ When you get 4 in a row you win! You can (appropriately yell BINGO!)

the game will end and if there is time we will play multiple rounds!❖ +3 points for every person that wins

Homework

1. CER on Whales ---> https://ocean.si.edu/through-time/ancient-seas/evolution-whales-animation

2. Do not lose study guide for next Tuesday’s test3. JogNogs due NEXT Tuesday 10/23