Post on 05-Jul-2018
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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd. HUAWEI ConfdentialPae !
WC"#A $NP CW Te%tand P&o'aation
#odel Tunin
Inte&nal
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Int&oduction
CW te%t )Continuou% Wa*e te%t+ i% anim'o&tant %te' o P&o'aation #odel Tunin. Acco&din to the CW te%t data)includin latitude-lonitude and&ecei*ed le*el+ and co&&e%'ondin"iital ma'%, we can et the accu&ateP&o'aation #odel th&ouh tunin.
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Chapter 1 Principle of Radio
Propagation and CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Flow
Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data
Chapter 4 Propagation Model
Tning
CONTENT
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P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW Te%t
Section 1 Basic Principle of
Radio Propagation
!ection 2 Principle of
Propagation Model Tning
!ection 3 Prpose of CW
Test
!ection 4 "asic Principle of
CW Test
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$adio Wa*e1and Cla%%ifcation$adio Wa*e1and Cla%%ifcation
Frequencies in dierent bands have dierent propagation characteristics.
300-3000GHz
EHFExtremely HighFrequency
30-300GHz
SHFSuper High Frequency3-30GHz
UHFUltra High Frequency300-3000MHz
VHFVery High Frequency30-300MHz
HFHigh Frequency3-30MHz
MFMedium Frequency300-3000KHzF!" Frequency30-300KHz
VFVery-l!" Frequency3-30KHz
VFV!ice Frequency300-3000Hz
EFExtremely !"
Frequency
30-300Hz
3-30Hz
#e$ignati!n%la$$i&icati!nFrequency
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Perpendiclar incidence wa'e
and grond re+ection wa'e,&ost co&&on propagation &odes-
Troposphere re+ection wa'e ,the propagation is 'ery rando&-
Montain di.raction wa'e,shadow area signal sorce-
/onosphere refraction wa'e ,0eyondthehorion co&&nication path-
P&o'aation Path
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①Re+ected wa'e of 0ildingDi.racted wa'eDirect wa'e5Re+ected wa'e on the grond
Cha&acte&i%tic% o $adioP&o'aation
#lectric wa'e propagation syste&
of 6and Mo0ile Co&&nications
Radio
propagation in
actal
en'iron&ent
6%! and 76%!
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Cha&acte&i%tic% o $adio Channel%Cha&acte&i%tic% o $adio Channel%
d ,&-
Pr ,d"&-
18 28 38
28
48
98
!low fading
Fast fading
Radio channels 'arywith ser:s positionand ti&e;
Mltipath scatteringand o0strctionreslt in acte
changes to recei'edpower; !low fading• Attenation* Pr is in direct
proportion to 1
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"i*e&%it4 Technolo4"i*e&%it4 Technolo4
#ea%u&e% aain%t a%t adin; di*e&%it4
technoloie%- E3'licit di*e&%it4
• S'ace di*e&%it4• Pola&i?ation di*e&%it4• @&e5uenc4 di*e&%it4:GS#;&e5uenc4 ho''in WC"#A;
%'&ead %'ect&um
- Im'licit di*e&%it4• Im'licit di*e&%it4 u%e% %inal '&oce%%in technoloie% to
hide di*e&%it4 unction% into %inal% unde& t&an%mi%%ion,
%uch a% $ABE &ece'tion technolo4, inte&lea*in and e&&o&code co&&ection.• $ea&ded a% time di*e&%it4
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"ela4 S'&ead"ela4 S'&ead
#ulti'ath '&o'aation8 Sinal% on di:e&ent 'ath% &each the&ecei*e& at di:e&ent time.
When the &ecei*e& ail% to di%tinui%h multi'ath %inal%, co;channel inte&e&ence )CCI+ occu&%. In the WC"#A %4%tem,onl4 the multi'ath dela4 la&e& than one chi' 'e&iod )>.!0%,26m+ can 1e &econi?ed.
T4'ical *alue )%+8 O'en D >.!, Su1u&1an >./, U&1an (
!oltions#)aliation and RA=# technology
#)aliation and RA=# technology
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"o''le& @&e5uenc4 Shit
E3am'le o "o''le& e:ect8 A t&ain i% 'a%%in14 4ou.
f 1
f 2
f 3
V ( k m / h )
"o''le& &e5uenc4 %hit in #o1ileCommunication%
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'
(
'
(
• "i:&action lo%% • Penet&ation lo%%
• Clutte& lo%%
Lo%%
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• O1%tacle-'enet&ation lo%% i%8
Pa&tition o1%t&uction8 /~ !>dF @loo& o1%t&uction8 > !>dF
O1%t&uction o u&nitu&e and othe& 1a&&ie&%8 !~
=/dF
Thic9 la%%8 0~ =>dF
Penet&ation lo%% o the ca&&iae o the t&ain8 =/~ (>dF
Penet&ation lo%% o lit8 (>dF o& %o
Lo%% o thic9 lea*e%8 =>dF
Penet&ation Lo%%
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$adio P&o'aation En*i&onment$adio P&o'aation En*i&onment
$adio '&o'aation en*i&onment dete&mine% the
'&o'aation model% di&ectl4. And '&o'aation
en*i&onment i% im'acted 14 the ollowin acto&%8
• Lando&m )te&&ain+8 mountain, hill, 'lain, wate&%, and
*eetation
• Clutte&8 1uildin, &oad and 1&ide
• Noi%e8 natu&al noi%e and a&tifcial noi%e
• Climate8 &ain, %now and ice )tin4 e:ect on UH@ 1and+
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$adio P&o'aation En*i&onment$adio P&o'aation En*i&onment T4'e o &adio en*i&onment
$adio en*i&onment i% cla%%ifed a% ollow%, acco&din to ITU;$
P.===;= and %'ecifc condition% in China.
Propagation
environmentDescription
Dense urbanMany tall buildings, signals fail to diffract from the roof of
building .
Urban Signals can diffract from the roof due to low buildings and widestreets.
Suburban ow and s!arse buildings
"ural ow and s!arse buildings, but with lots of #egetation
Mountainous areas
"oad
$ndoor
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P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW
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P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW Te%t
!ection 1 "asic Principle of
Radio Propagation
Section 2 Theory of
Propagation odel Tuning
!ection 3 Prpose of CW
Test
!ection 4 "asic Principle of
CW Test
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Pae !!
$adio P&o'aation #odel
Propagation &odel is sed to predictthe e.ect of terrain@o0stacle and arti$cial en'iron&ent onthe path loss;
WCDMA co&&on propagation &odelsWCDMA co&&on propagation &odels
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O9umu&a-Hata model
@o&8 7>>#- =/>>#H?
COST!(=;Hata model
@o&8 =/>>;!>>>#H?
COST!(= Walf%h;I9eami model @o&8 6>>#;!>>>#H?
Beenan;#otle4 model
@o& indoo& '&o'aation
P&o'aation model in UNET
@o& mac&o cell on (>>#- !>>>#
%!mm!n pr!pagati!n m!del$
Radio Propagation Model
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P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW Te%t
!ection 1 "asic Principle of
Radio Propagation
!ection 2 Theory of
Propagation Model Tning
Section ! Purpose of "#
Test
!ection 4 "asic Principle
of CW Test
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Pu&'o%e o CW Te%t
Com'a&e CW te%tdata with '&ediction&e%ult%, and thentune the '&o'aation
'a&amete&% toim'&o*e the accu&ac4o co*e&ae'&ediction.
BP!
P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW
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P&inci'le o $adio P&o'aation and CW Te%t
!ection 1 "asic Principle of
Radio Propagation
!ection 2 Theory of
Propagation Model Tning
!ection 3 Prpose of CW
Test
Section $ Basic Principle of
"# Test
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Fa%ic P&inci'le o CW Te%t
Typi$cation The CW te%t data mu%t &e'&e%ent the
cha&acte&i%tic o elect&omanetic wa*e in thi%a&ea.
"alance The CW te%t data mu%t &e'&e%ent the
cha&acte&i%tic o elect&omanetic wa*e 14 the'&o'o&tion o di:e&ent clutte&% in thi% a&ea.
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Pae !7
Chapter 1 Principle of RadioPropagation and CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Flow
Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data
Chapter 4 Propagation Model
Tning
CONTENT
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Site Selection
!tandards of site selection
a. Antenna heiht %hould 1e &eate& than !>m.
1. The antenna %hould 1e /m hihe& than thenea&e%t o1%tacle.
c. The o1%tacle mainl4 &ee&% to the hihe%t1uildin on the &oo whe&e the antenna i% in%talled. The 1uildin whe&e the %ite i% located %hould 1e
hihe& than a*e&ae heiht o %u&&oundin1uildin%.
' m
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CW Te%t @low
!ection 1 !ite
!election
Section 2 Building Test
Platfor% in &et'or(ing
!ection 3 Dri'e Test
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Fuildin Te%t Plato&m in Netwo&9in
T( s0syste&* T3 antenna, eede&, hih;&e5uenc4 %inal
%ou&ce and antenna holde&R( s0syste&* te%t &ecei*e&, GPS &ecei*e&, te%t %otwa&e andla'to'
Hih &e5uenc4
%inal %ou&ce
Sinal %ou&ce T#A
Powe& %u''l4
T3 antenna
$3 antenna "&i*e te%t in%t&ument
Fuild;in GPS
La'to'
$@ ca1le = $@ ca1le !
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Fuildin Te%t Plato&m in Netwo&9in
Record the gain of the following parts on
signals dring networing*
T3 'owe& o %inal %ou&ce
Lo%% o $@ ca1le
Gain o T3 antenna
Gain o $3 antenna
CW T t @l
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CW Te%t @low
!ection 1 !ite
!election
!ection 2 "ilding Test
Platfor& in 7etworing
Section ! )rive Test
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"&i*e Te%t
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"&i*e Te%tLee c&ite&ia o& %am'lin8 /> %am'le% 14 >
The ma3imum *ehicle %'eed8 ma3>.6-T%am'le
"elete te%t &e%ult% &om the %am'led data unde& a1no&malcondition%8
@adin o*e& =/(>d1 without &ea%ona1lecau%e%
In tunnel%Unde& the *iaduct%
Select te%t &oute% &om the main lo1e co*e&ae a&ea idi&ectional antenna% a&e ado'ted o& a CW te%t.
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Pae (7
Chapter 1 Principle of RadioPropagation and CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Flow
Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data
Chapter 4 Propagation Model
Tning
CONTENT
Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata
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Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata
Section 1 )ata Filtering
!ection 2 Data
Dispersion
!ection 3 Data "inning
!ection 4 For&at
Con'ersion
"ata @ilte&in
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"ata @ilte&in
"ata to 1e flte&ed i% a% ollow%8=. "ata te%ted in the 'lace% whe&e GPS i%una1le to locate accu&atel4 )%uch a%unde& the o*e&head &ac9, in the tunnel+.
!. "ata o1tained when the di%tance toantenna i% too nea& o& a&.
(. "ata o1tained with too wea9 %inal%.
. E&&o& data cau%ed 14 ine3act AP)antenna 'atte&n+.
/. Othe& data incon%i%tent with the&e5ui&ement% du&in the &oute de%in oCW te%t.
Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata
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Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata
!ection 1 Data Filtering
Section 2 )ata
)ispersion
!ection 3 Data "inning
!ection 4 For&at
Con'ersion
"ata "i%'e&%ion
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"ata "i%'e&%ion
P&o'aation in mo1ile communication% can 1eindicated a% ollow%8
r(x) = m(x)r 0(x)
J8 di%tance
&)3+8 &ecei*ed %inal%&>)3+8 $aileih @adin
m)3+8 local mean *alue, the com1ination o lon;te&madin and %'ace '&o'aation lo%%
!L8 a*e&ae lenth 1etween %am'lin a&ea%, al%o
called int&in%ic lenth
∫ +
−
= L x
L x
dy yr L
xm )(2
1)(
"ata "i%'e&%ion
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"ata "i%'e&%ion
The CW te%t i% to o1tain the local mean *alue o each
eo&a'h4 location in %ome a&ea% a% a& a% 'o%%i1le, i.e. thedi:e&ence o &)3+ and m)3+ %hould 1e the minimum *alue. Inthi% %en%e, e:ect o $aileih @adin %hould 1e e3cluded.
When the int&in%ic lenth e5ual% > wa*elenth and thenum1e& o %am'lin 'oint% i% />, the di:e&ence o te%t data
and actual local mean *alue can 1e le%% than =dF acco&dinto Lee c&ite&ia.
Int&in%ic lenth i% a*e&ae lenth o& 1innin )!G 1and i% 0 mlon, namel4, > wa*elenth+
Since the locatin %'eed o GPS i% a& lowe& than the
&ecei*in %'eed o the &ecei*e&, the di%'e&%ion '&oce%%in i%&e5ui&ed 1eo&e the 1innin.
"ata "i%'e&%ion
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"ata "i%'e&%ion
The principle of dispersion processing is as follows*
Conditions*
The&e a&e man4 te%t &eco&d% a&&aned unde&each locatin 'oint in time %e5uence 1ecau%ethe &ecei*in %'eed o the &ecei*e& i% a& hihe&than the locatin %'eed o GPS.
The *ehicle %'eed 1etween two locatin 'oint%i% unio&m.
The time inte&*al 1etween e*e&4 twomea%u&ement &eco&d% i% the %ame.
Processing*
E5uall4 di%t&i1ute the%e &eco&d% to the &oute%ection 1etween two 'oint% in time %e5uence %othat the&e will 1e %uKcient 'oint% in e*e&4 0m&ane on te%t &oute.
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"ata Finnin
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"ata Finnin%0ecti'es*
$e%e&*e the im'act o %low adin 1ut eliminate the
a%t adinMethods*
#ethod =8 ma9e &id% o& the whole a&ea with 0m%ide, 'e&o&m the a&ithmetic a*e&ae o& the datalocated in each &id, and then ta9e the &id cente& a%
the new location.#ethod !8 di*ide the 'ath into %ection% in e5ualinte&*al with 0m o& each, and 'e&o&m thea&ithmetic 1innin o& the data in each %ection to%elect %ome 'oint o& the location o mean *alue.
Tool* CW Data #ditor
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Anal4%i% o Te%t "ata
!ection 1 Data Filtering
!ection 2 Data
Dispersion
!ection 3 Data "inning
Section $ For%at
"onversion
@o&mat Con*e&%ion
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@o&mat Con*e&%ion
The data o&mat e3'o&ted 14 Ailent E233 Se&ie% i%
"ata o&mat im'o&ted to UNET i%
@o&mat con*e&%ion can 1e im'lemented manuall4)%a*ed a% .dat fle+
- /0*owerist
2re345
/0*owerist6
m!ld7m
8ime Date
- /0*owerist6m!ld7m
CONTENT
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Pae />
Chapter 1 Principle of RadioPropagation and CW Test
Chapter 2 CW Test Flow
Chapter 3 Analysis of CW Test Data
Chapter 4 Propagation Model
Tning
CONTENT
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P&e'a&ation%
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P&e'a&ation% In%tallin netwo&9 'lannin %otwa&e8
9UNET i% 'owe&ul 'lannin ando'timi?ation %otwa&e and model tunin i%onl4 one o it% unctional module%.
C&eatin a '&oect
9In UNET, 'e&o&m 'lannin and
o'timi?ation model tunin 1a%ed on each'&oect.
Im'o&tin antenna 'atte&n fle
9Co&&ectl4 im'o&t the antenna 'atte&n
*a&4in with di:e&ent manuactu&e&%
P&o'aation #odel Tunin
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin
!ection 1 Preparations
Section 2 Propagation
odel Tuning
P&o'aation #odel Tunin @low
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin @low
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin
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P&o'aation #odel TuninMap correction
9GPS locatin in CW te%t u%uall4 ado't% WGS6 and
UT# '&oection. Howe*e&, diital ma'% in China donot u%e %uch '&oection% and &ee&ence 'lane.Co&&ect diital ma'% i CW te%t data doe% notco&&e%'ond to them.
9Co&&ection method8
Co&&ect ou& 'a&amete&% on &ectanula&coo&dinate% in a diital ma' to &eali?e theo'timal match with the te%t data.
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin
Para&eter tning
96>=1 E =2log,d- E =3log,e.- E4GDi.raction E=Hlog,d-Glog,T(e.- E =9,R(e.-
E =cltterf,cltter-
Tune %uch 'a&amete&% a% lo)d+,lo)He:+, "i:, lo)d+lo)He:+, Hme:and Blutte& to fnall4 tune SP#
'&o'aation model.
P&o'aation #odel Tunin
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin
P&o'aation #odel Tunin
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P&o'aation #odel Tunin
Co&&ection o '&o'aation model 'a&amete&% in a cit4
*arameter = "eference #alue
K1 23.2
K2 44.90
K3 5.83
K4 0.5
K5 -6.55
K6 0
P&o'aation #odel Tunin
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P&o'aation #odel TuninAnal4%i% o co&&ection &e%ult%
9Anal4?e co&&ectne%% o the ac5ui&ed model ate&co&&ection.
9E*aluate the co&&ectne%% o the model with Std "e*,which &ee& to the 1indin de&ee o the ac5ui&edmodel and actual te%t en*i&onment.
9#a9e Std "e* le%% than 6 a% much a% 'o%%i1le in
actual model tunin, which indicate% that the tunedmodel and actual te%t en*i&onment a&e well 1ound.
Summa&4
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Summa&4
Ate& com'letin thi% cou&%e, 4ou %hould1e a1le to ma%te&8
P&inci'le and 'u&'o%e o CW te%t
P&oce%% o CW te%t P&oce%% o '&o'aation model tunin
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