WASTE TO RESOURCE FOR SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENTDR K M SONI

CHIEF ENGINEER, CPWD, MUMBAI

CLIMATE CHANGE CONTINUOUS PROCESS COMPLICATED AND NOT FULLY

UNDERSTOOD FACTORS AFFECTING CLIMATE

CHANGE ARE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCING MECHANISMS

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES The Earth's surface temperature has risen by

about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases – primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. The heat-trapping property of these gases is undisputed although uncertainties exist about exactly how earth's climate responds to them (US-EPA). The reason, the temperature has risen so much in the past 150 years is because of how much more we have used fossil fuels, which gives off carbon dioxide.

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION According to NOAA, the global

warming rate in the last 25 years has risen to 3.6 degrees F per century, which tends to confirm the predictions of temperature increases made by international panels of climate scientists (IPCC).”

MAIN CAUSE OF CLIMATE CHANGE HUMAN INFLUENCE

INCREASES GREENHOUSE GASES LIKE CO2, CH4, NO, CFC ETC FROM THE EMISSIONS OF FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION

AEROSOLSOZONE DEPLETIONDEFORESTATIONLEADING TO CLIMATIC CHANGE AND

GLOBAL WARMING

THERE IS A NEED TO REDUCE GLOBAL WARMING BY ADOPTING

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ENERGY AND FOSSIL FUELS FOSSIL FUELS (COAL, GAS AND

PETROLEUM PRODUCTS) REQUIRED TO PRODUCE ENERGY FOR;

ELECTRICITY MANUFACTURING

MATERIALS/PRODUCTS RUNNING/TRACTION OF

AUTOMOBILES/TRAINS

ELECTRICITY FOSSIL FUELS RENEWABLE ENERGY NUCLEAR POWER OTHERS

SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

FOSSIL FUELS

RENEW-ABLE ENERGY

NUCLEAR OTHERS67%16%

13%

• DEPENDENCE ON FOSSIL FUELS TO BE REDUCED• WASTE GENERATED TO BE UTILIZED

RENEWABLE ENERGYRENEWABLE ENERGY

HYDROELECTRICWINDGEOTHERMALPHOTOVOLTAIC

6%

0.06%

92%

HYDROELECTRIC POWER HAD ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUESSO OTHER SOURCES NEED TO BE TAPPED

SECTORWISE USE OF ENERGY INDUSTRY(46%) COMMERCIAL

(9%) AGRICULTURE

(18%) TRACTION (2%) DOMESTIC

(22%) OTHERS (3%)

SECTOR WISE ELEC-TRIC CONSUMPTION IN

INDIADOMESTIC COM-

MERCIALINDUSTRIAL TRACTIONAGRI-CULTURE

OTHERS

NEED TO ECONOMISE CONSUMPTION IN IN INDUSTRY, AGRICULTURE, AND DOMESTIC SECTOR PARTICULARLY

46%

18% 22%

STOP WASTAGE ANDCONVERT WASTE INTO RESOURCE

We, in the country, NEED TO prevent waste

Food

AVOID WASTAGE OF FOOD, WATER AND ENERGY

(www.cbc.ca)

(www.newindianexpress.com)

(ecurrentaffairs.in)

AVOID WASTAGE OF FOOD, WATER AND ENERGY

(www.quora.com)

AVOID WASTAGE OF FOOD , WATER AND ENERGY

(www.sustainablog.org)

Water

(athreya.wordpress.com)

(www.globalgujarat.news.in)

(www.tribuneindia.com)

Will There be Enough Water for Everyone?

WILL THERE BE ENOUGH WATER FOR EVERYONE?

(www.newsnation.in)

(www.artoflivingblog.com)

Need to give more emphasis on agriculture sector

2010

irrigation drinking water

industry energyothers84.5%

7%

•  Irrigation efficiency barely 35 %

• Only 16% of farmers aware of irrigation efficiency technologies 

• 50% water lost to leakage & system inefficiencies 

(yourarticlelibrary.com)

(kssrdi.org)

Save Domestic and Rain Water

• Recycling• RWH• Preservation and creation of Water bodies

Many other materials

• 10 litres or 2.6 gallons of water cumulatively to produce one sheet of A4 (8.5″ x 11″) paper.  

• Chocolate requires 17,196 litres of water need to produce 1kg of the product.

Water requirements for production

• 75,000 gallons of water to produce one ton of steel

• 24 gallons of water to make 1 pound of another everyday material: plastic.

•  700 gallons of water for one new cotton shirt.

•  It takes at least twice as much water to produce a plastic water bottle as the amount of water in the water bottle

STOP AND AVOID WASTAGE FOOD WATER

IRRIGATION WATERDOMESTIC WATER

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS DOMESTIC PRODUCTS BUILDING MATERIALS ENERGY

C & D WASTE• Construction and Demolition (C & D) waste

is the waste generated from construction or demolition activities of civil engineering structures. Such waste is generated from;

• Roads, • Footpaths, • Buildings, • Bridges, • Flyovers, • Dams, and • Other similar civil engineering structures.

C & D WASTEIt consists mostly of inert and non-biodegradable materials such as;

• Bricks, stones, aggregates, • Concrete, • Aluminium, steel, • Tiles, ceramic materials• Wood, • Plastic, • Electric wiring, • Glass, and • Many more similar materials. These waste

materials are mostly heavy having high density compared to municipal waste.

C & D Debris Breakdown (US)

(www.intechopen.com)

Composition of MSW in India

(www.eai.in)

Demolition

Wastage of C & D waste

Is it due to completion of life of structures

(timesofindia.indiatimes.com)

Whether these structures will have prescribed useful life?

Whether these structures will have prescribed useful life?

(www.topnews.in)

Unsafe construction

(www.iitk.ac.in)

Preferred management of C & D waste(www.en.wikipedia.org)

(www.cdeglobal.com)(www.recyclingproductnews.com)

(www.forconstructionpros.com) (www.cdeglobal.com)

The construction and demolition waste recycling plant in Burari, where tiles are made from crushed debris.

(www.thehindu.com)

GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT SITE DESIGN WATER EFFICIENCY ENERGY EFFICIENCY CONSERVATION OF MATERIALS

AND RESOURCES BY USE OF PRODUCTS MADE FROM WASTE

GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL

QUALITY

PARAMETERS TO DETERMINE GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS

EMBODIED ENERGY WASTE CONTENT LIFE CYCLE DURABILITY MAINTAINABILITY TOXICITY I/C DURING FIRE SAFETY DURING INSTALLATION/USE, FIRE,

E/Q ETC LOCAL AVAILABILITY ENERGY REQUIREMENTS DURING ITS USE RECYCLABILITY

GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS

CEMENT SAND BRICKS CONCRETE TIMBER WATER OTHER MATERIALS/FIXTURES

(source: www.wazua.co.ke)

(www.abyekcement.com)

SAND

(cdeglobal.com)

(thehindubusinessline.com)

BRICKS/BLOCKS

(www.mrbricks.in)

www.ecobrick.in) (www.dir.indiamart.com)

HPC AND LIGHT WEIGHT STRUCTURES

(www.lgam.info) (solarfeeds.com)

(www.harbun.me)

SAVE WOOD, SAVE FOREST, SAVE ENVIRONMENT

WOOD SUSTITUTES

WOOD SUBSTITUTES Particle boards Composite wood substitutes PVC Planted timber like euclyptus MDF Bamboo composites Rubber wood composites RCC and other materials for specific

applications

Water harvesting

(www.thehindu.com)

(www.rainyfilters.com)

USE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED FROM WASTE

(www.recyclebuild.com.au)

TRAFFIC CHAOS(www.thehindu.com)

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

MAKE PUBLIC TRANSPORT EFFICIENT,COMFORTABLE AND USE IT)

(www.padhaaro.com)

(www.indiatoday.intoday.in)

(www.team-bhp.com)

Pooling of Resources

(www.archives.deccanchronicle.com)

Implement RECYCLING principle

(www.sites.google.com)

GREEN BUILDINGS

(www.ecoideaz.com)

NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGINDIRA PARYAVARAN BHAWANNEW DELHI

Avoid vacant

inventory

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable development is mostly defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Brundtland Report). It contains within it two key concepts: The concept of needs, in particular the

essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; and

The idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.

CONCLUSIONS FOLLOW THE APPROACH OF

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMET STOP WASTE DO NOT GENERATE WASTE USE WASTE AS RESOURCE

TO AVOID EMISSION OF GREENHOUSE GASES

TO AVOID CLIMATE CHANGE