Washington’s Farwell Address

• 1796• Washington, A. Hamilton, J. Madison• Tired of public life• “I anticipate…the sweet enjoyment…of

good laws under a free government, the ever favorite object of my heart.”

WARPolitical differences

will weaken the nation/unity

1

3

2

Alexander Hamilton

• Economist/Lawyer• Secretary of Treasury• Federalist

20 yr. charter

Loose interpretationU.S. Constitution

Political Parties

• 1796• More than one candidate ran for president• Elect people and shape politics• Divisions in political views developed during Washington’s presidency

Political differences existed in part based on where and how people

lived

John Adams

Thomas Jefferson

Alien and Sedition Acts• 1798• Congress (Adams)• “Protect the United States” during the

undeclared naval war with France (“Quasi-War”)

• Does this violate our first amendment rights?

1.resident

power to

deport

if or

2.

2

Blah, blah, blah, blah,

blah

XYZ Affair• 1798• John Adams• Attempt to create improved relations between United

States and France• Protect U.S. shipping

Will you help protect our

shipping industry?

Sure, for $250,000 and a

loan of $12 million

X

Y

Z

Heck, NO!

Results:Standing And

eventually…

SUCCESS!

Protective tariff

• Alexander Hamilton• Promote domestic manufacturing and business (northeast)• Higher tariffs (taxes) to raise prices of foreign goods in the United States

Thomas Jefferson

• 1801-1809• Democratic-Republican Party• Believed in the limited power of federal government (opposed

National Bank)• Strict interpretation of the Constitution (once he became

President he practiced a loose interpretation of the Constitution)• Dreamt of national unity

First Term:Enjoyed prosperity, lower taxes, reduced national debtEnded Presidency with bigger government, expanded military

Marbury v. Madison

12

3

45

Louisiana Purchase

• Once Spanish territory, a secret treaty passes ownership to France• Territory includes New Orleans (mouth of Mississippi River – significant trade route)

west to the Rocky Mountains• October 20, 1803• $15 million• Thomas Jefferson (sends Robert Livingston and James Monroe)

2x

Montana ColoradoNorth Dakota KansasSouth Dakota OklahomaMinnesota MissouriWyoming ArkansasNebraska LouisianaIowa TexasNew Mexico

1.

4.

3.

2.

to Pacific Ocean

Marbury v Madison

• William Marbury• James Madison (secretary of state)• Strengthened the role of the judicial branch• 1803

1.

2. judicial review: power of the Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

Embargo Act• embargo – banning of trade• 1807 – banned trade with all foreign countries• Passed to punish British and French;

to protect American merchant ships from attack• Thomas Jefferson

vs1. 2.

Results: What region of the United

States do you think was

impacted most by suspended

trade?

War of 1812

• James Madison• United States vs. Great Britain• 1812-1814 (1815)• Andrew Jackson war hero• Second War of Independence

1.

2.

Border disputes

3.

4.

NATIONALISm

5. NATIVE

AM

Monroe Doctrine

• Attempt to restrain the influence of European nations in newly independent Latin American countries

• Protects American interests• Policy warning European powers not to interfere with the Americas• James Monroe (John Q. Adams – Sec. of State)• December 2, 1823

INFLUENCE

US

1.

2.EUROPE

American System

• Ideas to make the United States economically independent from other nations (no need for foreign trade)

• Promote national unity• Henry Clay (J.Q. Adams/Jackson) – 1820’s

1. 2. 3.