Warm up:

From Ch. 24, what was the percentage of women in the work force, and what problems did they face?

AP Chapter 24 New Economic Order (771-781)

The student will understand how the consumer society and Republican rule impacted the 1920s.

AL COS 11th grade #7

Post war conditions: returning veteransdid not have jobs and there was a sharpdrop in demand for American goods.International affairs: Most Americans wanted to stay out of international affairs because of their disgust withEuropean politics (Versailles), hostilityto foreign ideas (communism), and disgust with war.

I. Early 20s economy—Post-War America praised the big business leaders for their success A. Consumer goods—development of this new industry contributed to the prosperity of the 1920s

consumer economy: one that depends on a large amount of buying by consumers.

buying on credit: allowed the boom in consumer spending by giving consumers more purchasing power.

electric power: the number used greatly increased in the 20s, increasing demand for electrical appliances.

1. Electric goods— Vacuum cleaners, mixers, washing machines created more leisure time

2. Automobile-- growth of this industry contributed to the prosperity of the 1920s a. Assembly line, new technology, and other industrial techniques increase productivity, contributing to the prosperity of the 1920s b. Ford also used $5.00 a day workday to increase consumerism 1927 report

Henry Ford: using innovative techniques, including the assembly line,

Henry Ford video

the $5 dollar workday, and scientific management, Ford created cars that ordinary people could afford.

1908 Model T

A 1919 Ford high body Model-T coupe

industrial growth: created by the automobile included thousands of new businesses and increases in the rubber, glass, steel, and leather industries.

B. Changes in Business 1. Assembly-line—allowed for widespread purchase of goods, such as automobiles, for average Americans 2. Higher wages 3. Advertising

http://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427/427ads/427radioads.htmfor radio commercials

4. “Welfare capitalism”—corporations’ provision of employee benefits to prevent the establishment of unions and promote consumerism

C. Women 1. Percentage in the work force 2. Problems faced D. Male workers 1. Decline in union membership 2. Increase in wages E. Agriculture—did not prosper in the 1920s

Warren G. Harding: elected in 1920 and called for “normalcy.” Most Americans agreedand rejected social reforms such as health insurance which they viewed as “unAmerican” and communist.

II. Republican decade A. 1920 Election

Teapot dome scandal: Harding administration scandal involving the Secretary of Interior, Albert Fall, who secretly gave oil drilling rights to companies in return for cash and gifts.

Harding’s death: Aug. 1923 from a heart attack or stroke brought on by poor health and food poisoning.

Calvin Coolidge: shy, silent Republican who said “the business of the American people is business.”

C. Coolidge presidency

“I have noticed that nothing I never said ever did me any harm.”

D. Domestic policies of Harding and Coolidge 1. Government agencies were used mainly to aid business 2. Secretary of Treasury Mellon policies included reducing income-tax rates for the wealthy to release money for private investment

E. Foreign policy—return to isolationism 1. Washington Naval Conference—a significant early arms-control effort

2. Kellogg-Briand Pact signed Aug. 27, 1928, by 14 nations, eventually by 64 nations including Germany and Japan

Signing of the Kellogg-Briand Pact

3. International finance and reparations— main focus of govt. interventions during the 20s a. Dawes Plan b. Young Plan

German propaganda poster against the Young Plan, 1930 

Debt Commissions •original 5% interest on $10 billion war debt to U.S. 1922 Foreign Debt Commission reduced interest

•high U.S. tariff of 1922 prevented Europe debt repayment •Germany unable to pay $32 billion reparations

•but Coolidge demanded payments: "They hired the money, didn't they?" •1924 Dawes Plan created payment plan with private U.S. loans •1929 Young Plan reduced reparations to $9 billion payable over 59 years 1

•but Great Depression began 1929, slowed trade, caused world deflation •Congress passed 1930 Hawley-Smoot "tariff wall" and Hoover refused veto despite appeal of 38 nations and 1028 American economists

F. Election of 1924 1. "Return to Normalcy" conservative Republicans choose Coolidge 2. Democrats split between urban (Alfred E. Smith Catholic, Irish) and rural (Wm. McAdoo, Protestant, Southerners) 3. Progressives led by Robert Lafollette, while respectable, no longer had a large coalition but still helps further the Democratic split.

women’s suffrage: had the most impact in local elections; technologyalso gave women more time and an easier life.

G. Women 1. 19th Amendment gave women the vote, but it also led to the collapse of a unified women's front.

2. League of Women Voters moved away from activism and chose "nonpartisan" (remind the of debates) in which they work with all groups. 3. Sheppard-Towner Act gave money for rural prenatal and baby care centers 4. Conservative shift 

Chapter 24 New Economic Order (771-781)

The student will understand how the consumer society and Republican rule impacted the 1920s.

AL COS 11th grade #7