Post on 30-Dec-2020
Warm-up.1. How did the industrial revolution shift the world balance of power?
a) It leveled the playing field for all nations and regions of the world, whether
developed or not
b) It gave a new found advantage to those countries that had traditionally been
less-developed by bringing industry to them.
c) It promoted competition between industrialized nations and increased poverty in
less-developed countries
d) It all but eliminated trade for a time, leaving nations who still depended on foreign goods in dire need.
2. What were the MAIN causes of WWI
3. The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea
that
a) Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans
b) Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help
c) Imperialism was opposed by most Europeans
d) Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of its colonial
peoples
Chapter 29
Sect 2
BLUE—Allied
Powers
RED—Central
Powers
Background info• Often times in history
the Balkan Peninsula
is metaphorically
referred to as a
‘powder keg’.
• Because there are so
many different ethnic
groups in the area
that were smaller and
mostly weak but
wanted to remain
independent.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand• Shot on June 28th, 1914
• AH obviously upset,
declares that Serbia must:– End all Anti-Austrian propaganda
– Remove people from military
whom they (AH) have named
– Bring to trial all people involved in
assassination
– Provide explanations for Serbian
officials who openly speak out
against AH
• Basically they chose things
they knew Serbia wouldn’t
agree to
“Serbia must Die”
July 28th—Austria declares war on
Serbia– Same day, Russia orders troops into Austria.
Leaders of GB, Germany, and Italy encourage the two
countries to negotiate peacefully…but it was TOO LATE.
• Apocalypse WWI video
Fighting all over the world
Battle Fronts (Front lines)- These are
where the actual battles take place.
1 Western European Front
2 Eastern European Front
3 Italian Front
4 Balkan Front
5 Palestine/Syria
6 Iraq
7 Arabia
8 German Togoland
9 German Cameroon
10 German East Africa
11 German Southwest Africa
12 German Pacific Islands
Western Front• France vs. Germany
– a 500-mile long network for trenches,
bunkers, minefields, machine gun nests, and
artillery that ran from Switzerland to the
English Channel.
Trench Warfare
• Soldiers fought each
other from trenches
• Trenches were
swarmed with rats and
TRENCHFOOT
• Fresh food-non existent
• “Men slept in mud,
washed in mud, ate and
dreamed in mud.”
Modern Weaponry
• Automatic Machine Gun—Killed greater
number of people more effectively
• Rifle
• New artillery had not delivered the fast
moving war they had expected…because
of trench warfare
– VERY slow moving.
• German Luger—1st semi automatic
pistol…as fast as you pull the trigger it will
go
Tanks
TANKS• 1st tanks made in GB…original design was
to put machine guns on motorcycles!
• The first tank drivers were members of the
“upper class” because they were the only
soldiers who knew how to drive.
Poison Gas• Blisters
• Choking to death
• Blindness
• Seizures
• Paralysis
Western Front became “Terrain
of Death”
Northern Front: Germany vs Great
BritainMost battles fought at sea
Naval Blockade• In 1914, GB blocks
entrance to the North Sea
• This resulted in food, oil, rubber, and fertilizer SHORTAGES
• Things got SO BAD and by winter 1918, govt. pressured military to open blockade or end the war.
GERMAN RESPONSE to
BLOCKADE??
• U-boats!
• Unrestricted submarine warfare
• Targets? Merchant boats bringing supplies from Canada or US OR India or other British Colonies to UK
Total War
New concept of warfare introduced during WWI.
– Early on in the war during a battle in France, the
French government ordered all taxis to be used to
carry troops to the battle
• Total war- is a war that uses any and all
civilian associated resources & infrastructure
to help fight the war. • Examples: men expected to join military (shamed men
who didn’t join), women expected to do men’s jobs
while they were fighting, women farmed on their own,
all factories had to produce things for the war.
Another aspect of total
war…Rationing• People on the home fronts had to deal
with shortages of key supplies due to the
war. Things like butter & sugar were
unavailable. Coffee was sent to tired
troops on the front lines and food was in
shortage due to lack of farmers. Families
were encouraged to eat smaller portions.
– Rationing- cutting down of consumption of
food and resources due to the war.
iRespond Question Master
A.) Response A
B.) Response B
C.) Response C
D.) Response D
E.) Response E
Percent Complete 100%00:30
What does the graph suggest about the effectiveness
of the naval blockade that Great Britain set up to
prevent essential goods from reaching Germany
during World War I?
Eastern Front “Frozen Front”
Fighting along the Eastern Front
demonstrated the superiority of
highly industrialized nations over
their less industrialized counterparts.
Eastern Front• Russia’s advantage is their
NUMBERS, disadvantage
is they are less
industrialized so they have
½ the weapons they need. – As a result Germany will
dominate the Eastern Front and
Russia will only win with the help
of the allies.
• disease accounted for
approximately four times the
number of deaths caused by
direct combat.
– Malaria, cholera, dysentery and
Typhoid fever
Bye-Bye Russia
• Russian’s were divided between groups that
supported the Czars decision to join the war
– Most citizens struggled to see the benefit of
joining the war, and because times were hard in
Russia, they started protesting to get Russia out
of WWI.
• This starts a civil war in Russia and Russia
will not be able to fight both battles.
• In March of 1917, Russia surrenders to
Germany in the Treaty of Brest Litovsk’.
The U.S. is
almost ready to
enter the war!
Sinking of Lusitania
Sinking of the Lusitania
• May 7, 1915—128 US citizens die
• Unrestricted submarine warfare
– Germans warned that any ships in the waters
surrounding Great Britain could sink without
warning.
• Germany believed the US was supplying
Great Britain with weapons– Which we were…. But that’s beyond the point
Zimmerman Telegram
Zimmerman Telegram
• April 6, 1917—Officials intercepted a
telegram written by Germany’s foreign
secretary to Mexico
– “Hey! If you guys ally yourselves with us
(Germany), then we will help you reconquer
the land you lost to the U.S!!!”
• U.S. declares war on
Germany…suckaaaas.
Armistice Day (Now
Veteran’s Day)
• On the 11th day
of the 11th
month at the
11th hour, they
will call a cease
fire… all fighting
in the war are to
officially stop.
• January 18, 1919: conferences on Treaty begin
– Delegates representing 32 countries attend the
Paris Peace conference at the palace of Versailles.