Vocabulary Review

Level E

Regular 10 English

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Unit 1

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

adulterate

adulterate the Snapple with milk

adulterate

(v.) to corrupt, make worse by the addition of something of lesser value

synonyms: to contaminate, pollute, sully

antonyms: to purify, purge, expurgate

gape

gape in wonder at the sight

gape

(v.) to stare with open mouth; to open the mouth wide; to open wide

synonyms: to gawk, ogle

deploy

deploy troops for battle

deploy

(v.) to position or arrange; to utilize; to form up

synonyms: to arrange, station, organize

augment

augment your income by working a second job

augment

(v.) to make larger, increasesynonyms: to enlarge, supplement,

amplifyantonyms: to decrease, diminish

ambidextrous

marveled at Michael Jordan’s ambidextrous abilities

disappointed by the President’s ambidextrous responses to questions

ambidextrous

(adj.) able to use both hands equally well; very skillful; deceitful, hypocritical

antonyms: clumsy, all thumbs, maladroit

bereft

bereft of friends in his old age

bereft

(part., adj.) deprived of; made unhappy through a loss

synonyms: deprived; saddened by loss, bereaved

antonyms: replete, well provided with

dour

a dour and sullen rock star

dour

(adj.) stern, unyielding; gloomy, ill-humored

synonyms: harsh, bleak, forbidding, saturnine

antonyms: cheery, inviting, genial

fortitude

showing great fortitude following the flooding from hurricane Floyd

fortitude

(n.) courage in facing difficultiessynonyms: resolve, steadfastness,

mettleantonyms: fearfulness, timidity,

faintheartedness

gibe

gibed at him for his musical tastes

gibe

(v.) to utter taunting words (n.) an expression of scorn

synonyms: to ridicule, mock, deride, jeer

antonyms: a compliment, praise

guise

wearing the the guise of Holden Caulfield on Halloween

guise

(n.) an external appearance, cover, mask

synonyms: a costume, semblance; a pretense

insidious

an insidious plot to steal money from the elderly

insidious

(adj.) intended to deceive or entrap; sly, treacherous

synonyms: cunning, underhanded, perfidious

antonyms: frank, ingenuous, aboveboard

intimation

gave no intimation of her fondness for hot cars

intimation

(n.) a hint, indirect suggestion

synonyms: a clue, indication, inkling

antonyms: a direct or blunt communication

opulent

Bill Gates’ opulent living quarters

opulent

(adj.) wealthy, luxurious, ample, grandiose

synonyms: rich, lavish; plentiful, abundant

antonyms: poverty-stricken, wretched, destitute

pliable

three spools of pliable copper wire

pliable friends who can’t think for themselves

pliable

(adj.) easily bent, flexible; easily influenced

synonyms: supple, adaptable, resilient

antonyms: rigid, inflexible, recalcitrant

reiterate

teachers who reiterate important points the day before a test

reiterate

(v.) to say again, repeat

synonyms: to rehash

stolid

a stolid person who never cracks under pressure

a stolid student

stolid

(adj.) not easily moved, mentally or emotionally; dull, unresponsive

synonyms: impassive, phlegmatic, unresponsive

antonyms: emotional, oversensitive; high-strung

tentative

a tentative plan to travel to Toledo

tentative

(adj.) experimental in nature; uncertain, hesitant

synonyms: provisional, inconclusiveantonyms: definite, conclusive,

confirmed

unkempt

was not hired for the job because of his unkempt appearance

unkempt

(adj.) not combed; untidy; not properly maintained; unpolished, rude

synonyms: sloppy, disheveled; disordered; rough

antonyms: well-groomed, tidy, neat, natty

verbatim

accused of plagiarism because he repeated verbatim

verbatim

(adj., adv.) word for word; exactly as written or spoken

antonym: paraphrased

warily

warily approach the entrance to the bear’s cave

warily

(adv.) cautiously, with great caresynonyms: carefully, prudently,

gingerlyantonyms: recklessly, heedlessly,

incautiously

Unit 2

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

adroit

adroit at dribbling the basketball

adroit at doing math complex problems in her head

adroit

(adj.) skillful, expert in the use of the hands or mind

synonyms: clever, deft, dexterous, slick

antonyms: clumsy, inept all thumbs

amicable

an amicable settlement of the argument

amicable

(adj.) peaceable, friendlysynonyms: congenial, neighborly,

friendlyantonyms: hostile, antagonistic

averse

averse to hurting the feelings of others

averse

(adj.) having a deep-seated distaste; opposed, unwilling

synonyms: disinclined, opposed, loath

antonyms: favorably disposed, eager, keen

belligerent

a belligerent answer to an amicable question

belligerent

(adj.) given to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive; (n.) one at war, one engaged in war

synonyms: assertive, truculent, pugnacious

antonyms: conciliatory, placid, peaceful

benevolent

a benevolent feeling toward all races and creeds

benevolent

(adj.) kindly, charitablesynonyms: kindly, benign, well-

meaningantonyms: malicious, spiteful,

malevolent

cursory

a cursory look at the science notes immediately before the test

cursory

(adj.) hasty, not thoroughsynonyms: quick, superficial,

perfunctoryantonyms: thorough, painstaking,

careful

duplicity

investigated the military officer suspected of duplicity

duplicity

(n.) treachery, deceitfulness

synonyms: fraud, double-dealing, chicanery

extol

extol her heroic acts during the crisis

extol

(v.) to praise extravagantlysynonyms: to glorify, applaud,

acclaim, hailantonyms: to criticize, belittle,

disparage

feasible

develop a feasible plan of action

feasible

(adj.) possible, able to be donesynonyms: workable, practicable,

viableantonyms: unworkable, impractical

grimace

a grimace of pain

grimace

(n.) a wry face, facial distortion; (v.) to make a wry face

synonyms: a pained expression, facial contortion

antonyms: to smile, beam, grin

holocaust

a victim of the holocaust

holocaust

(n.) a large-scale destruction, especially be fire; a vast slaughter; a burnt offering

synonyms: a conflagration; devastation; annihilation

antonyms: a deluge, inundation

impervious

a plastic raincoat impervious to moisture

a stolid person impervious to the gibes of belligerent fools

impervious

(adj.) not affected or hurt by; admitting of no passage or entrance

synonyms: impenetrable, resistant, proof against

antonyms: porous, permeable, vulnerable

impetus

low grades which gave new impetus to the students to study

impetus

(n.) a moving force, impulse, stimulus

synonyms: an incentive, stimulus, spur

antonyms: a curb, hindrance, impediment, constraint

jeopardy

mistakes that put the entire operation in jeopardy

jeopardy

(n.) danger

synonyms: risk, hazard, peril

antonyms: safety, security

meticulous

the meticulous detective

meticulous

(adj.) extremely careful; particular about details

synonyms: careful, fastidious, painstaking, fussy

antonyms: careless, negligent, sloppy

nostalgia

his nostalgia for childhood innocence

nostalgia

(n.) a longing for something past; homesickness

synonym: homesickness

quintessence

the quintessence of fortitude

quintessence

(n.) the purest essence or form of something; the most typical example

synonyms: a paragon, exemplar

retrogress

has retrogressed into the clothing styles of the 1950’s

retrogress

(v.) to move backward; to return to an earlier condition

synonyms: to revert, to degenerate, decline

antonyms: to advance, evolve, progress

scrutinize

scrutinize the notes to guarantee a good grade on the exam

scrutinize

(v.) to examine closely

synonyms: to inspect, examine, pore over

antonyms: to skim, scan, glance at

tepid

a cup of tepid tea

a tepid reaction to the 50 page reading assignment

tepid

(adj.) lukewarm; unenthusiastic, marked by an absence of interest

synonyms: lukewarm; insipid; half-hearted, wishy-washy

antonyms: heated, excited, enthusiastic

Unit 3

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

adversary

a worthy adversary on the court

adversary

(n.) an enemy, opponentsynonyms: an antagonist, rival, foeantonyms: a friend, ally, supporter,

confederate

alienate

bad habits that alienate friends

alienate

(v.) to turn away; to make indifferent or hostile; to transfer, convey

synonyms: to separate, drive apart, estrange

antonyms: to befriend, attract, captivate; to reconcile

artifice

deceived by his artifice

artifice

(n.) a skillful or ingenious device; clever trick; clever skill; trickery

synonyms: a ruse, stratagem, contrivance

coerce

coerce into obedience by a threat of punishment

coerce

(v.) to compel, forcesynonyms: to pressure, bully,

intimidate, constrainantonyms: persuade; cajole

craven

criticized by his opponent for his craven policies

craven

(adj.) cowardly; (n.) a cowardsynonyms: fearful, faint hearted,

pusillanimousantonyms: brave, courageous,

valiant

culinary

a fine example of fine culinary art

culinary

(adj.) of or related to cooking or to the kitchen

synonyms: related to cooking

delete

shorten the report by deleting two paragraphs

delete

(v.) to erase, wipe out, cut out synonyms: to remove, cancel,

expungeantonyms: to insert, add, retain,

include

demise

tolling bells that indicated the demise of the king

demise

(n.) a death, especially of a person in a lofty position

synonyms: a death, decease, passing away

antonyms: a birth, beginning, commencement

exhilarate

exhilarated by the good news

exhilarate

(v.) to enliven, cheer, give spirit or liveliness to

synonyms: to stimulate, excite, gladden

antonyms: discourage, dispirit, dishearten, inhibit

fallow

farmland left fallow for the winter

fallow

(adj.) plowed but not seeded; inactive(n.) land left unseeded; (v.) to plow but

not seedsynonyms: unproductive, inert, dormantantonyms: productive, fertile, prolific

harass

harass the teacher with repeated talking

harass

(v.) to disturb, worry; to trouble by repeated attacks

synonyms: to annoy, pester, bedevil, beleaguer, worry

inclement

unaccustomed to the inclement Montana winters

inclement

(adj.) stormy, harsh; severe in attitude or action

synonyms: blustery, tempestuous, implacable

antonyms: mild, gentle, balmy, tranquil

muse

muse on the meaning of life

muse

(v.) to think about in a dreamy waysynonyms: to meditate, contemplate,

daydream

negligible

a negligible loss that we need not worry about

negligible

(adj.) so unimportant that it can be disregarded

synonyms: trivial, inconsequential, insignificant

antonyms: significant, crucial, momentous

perpetuate

perpetuate the customs of our ancestors

perpetuate

(v.) to make permanent or long lasting

synonyms: to continue, preserve, prolong indefinitely

antonyms: to discontinue, abolish, abandon

precedent

set a precedent for others to follow

precedent

(n.) an example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action

synonyms: a guide, tradition, modelantonyms: that which follows or

comes afterward

punitive

led a punitive expedition against the rebels

punitive

(adj.) inflicting or aiming at punishment

synonyms: penalizing, retaliatory

redress

seek redress through the courts

redress

(v.) to set right, remedy; (n.) relief from wrong or injury

synonyms: to rectify, correct, mitigate

sojourn

a week’s sojourn in Paris

sojourn

(n.) a temporary stay; (v.) to stay for a time

synonyms: a visit, stopover, brief stay

urbane

an urbane Bond - James Bond

urbane

(adj.) refined in manner or style, suave

synonyms: suave, elegantantonyms: crude, uncouth, boorish

Unit 4

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

affiliated

affiliated with a well-known law firm

affiliated

(adj., part.) associated, connectedsynonyms: attached, related, joined

toantonyms: unconnected, dissociated

ascertain

ascertain what the cost will be

ascertain

(v.) to find outsynonyms: to discover, determine,

establish, find out

attainment

a man of high literary attainment

attainment

(n.) an accomplishment; the act of achieving

synonyms: an achievement, fulfillment

antonyms: a failure, defeat; frustration

bequeath

has bequeathed a fortune to his widow

bequeath

(v.) to give or pass on an inheritancesynonyms: to hand down, transmit,

bestow

cogent

a cogent plea for prison reform

cogent

(adj.) forceful, convincing; relevant, to the point

synonyms: persuasive,compelling antonyms: unconvincing, weak,

ineffective; irrelevant

converge

as the delegates converge on the hall

converge

(v.) to move toward one point, approach nearer together

synonyms: to meet, unite, intersect, merge

antonyms: to diverge, separate, go separate ways

disperse

order the police to disperse the crowd

disperse

(v.) to scatter, spread far and widesynonyms: to break up, scatter,

dispel antonyms: to collect, congregate,

assemble, muster

esteem

someone we all hold in high esteem

esteem

(v.) to regard highly;(n.) a highly favorable opinion or

judgmentsynonyms: to respect, admire, honor,

revereantonyms: disdain, scorn, contempt

expunge

ordered the offending remarks expunged from the court record

expunge

(v.) to erase, obliterate, destroysynonyms: to delete, efface,

annihilateantonyms: to insert; to mark,

imprint, impress

finite

a finite number of possibilities

finite

(adj.) having limits; lasting for a limited time

synonyms: limited, bounded, measurable

antonyms: unlimited, immeasurable, everlasting

invulnerable

an invulnerable fortress

invulnerable

(adj.) not able to be wounded or hurt; shielded against attack

synonyms: impregnable, impervious, immune

antonyms: exposed, unprotected, defenseless

malevolent

told a malevolent lie

malevolent

(adj.) spiteful, showing ill willsynonyms: malicious, wicked,

sinister, malignantantonyms: kind, benevolent,

compassionate

nonchalant

walked down the street with a nonchalant air

nonchalant

(adj.) cool and confident, unconcerned

synonyms: composed, unruffled, indifferent, blase

antonyms: perturbed, agitated, disconcerted, abashed

omniscient

a professor who seemed to be omniscient

omniscient

(adj.) knowing everything; having unlimited awareness or understanding

synonyms: wise, all-knowingantonyms: ignorant, unknowing

panacea

panacea for all our problems

panacea

(n.) a remedy for all ills, cure-all; an answer to all problems

synonyms: a universal cure; an easy solution

scrupulous

describe with scrupulous accuracy

scrupulous

(adj.) exact, careful, attending thoroughly to details; having high moral standards, principled

synonyms: painstaking, meticulous, conscientious

antonyms: careless, negligent, remiss, dishonest

skulk

a burglar skulked in an ally

skulk

(v.) to move about stealthily; to lie in hiding

synonyms: to lurk, slink, prowl

supercilious

took a supercilious attitude toward the servants

supercilious

(adj.) proud and contemptuous; showing scorn because of a feeling of superiority

synonyms: snobbish, patronizing, overbearing

antonyms: humble, meek, deferential, servile

uncanny

an uncanny skill at playing bridge

uncanny

(adj.) strange, mysterious, weird, beyond explanation

synonyms: eerie, inexplicable, spooky

venial

a venial offense

venial

(adj.) easily excused; pardonablesynonyms: excusable, forgivableantonyms: unpardonable,

unforgivable, inexcusable

Unit 5

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

altruistic

an altruistic program to help the poor

altruistic

(adj.) unselfish, concerned with the welfare of others

synonyms: selfless, rising above personal interests

antonyms: selfish, self-centered

assent

forced to assent to their demands

assent

(v.) to express agreement; (n.) agreementsynonyms: to concur, agree, consent,

accedeantonyms: to disagree, differ, dissent

benefactor

became my benefactor in time of need

benefactor

(n.) one who does good to otherssynonyms: one who helps others; a

patron, humanitarianantonyms: a misanthrope; a

malefactor

chivalrous

praised for this chivalrous act

chivalrous

(adj.) marked by honor, courtesy, and courage; knightly

synonyms: gallant, civil; valiantantonyms: crude, uncouth, churlish,

loutish

clemency

show clemency to first offenders

clemency

(n.) mercy, humanness; mildness, moderateness

synonyms: leniency, forbearance, gentleness

antonyms: harshness, severity, cruelty, inflexibility

dearth

a dearth of able assistants

dearth

(n.) a lack, scarcity, inadequate supply; a famine

synonyms: an insufficiency, want, paucity

antonyms: a surplus, oversupply, glut, abundance

diffident

amused by the diffident suitor

diffident

(adj.) shy, lacking self-confidence; modest, reserved

synonyms: timid, bashful; unassertive, withdrawn

antonyms: bold, brash, audacious; self-centered, jaunty

discrepancy

a discrepancy between their stories

discrepancy

(n.) a difference; a lack of agreementsynonyms: a disagreement,

divergence, inconsistencyantonyms: convergence; agreement,

consistency

embark

embark on the long ocean trip

embark

(v.) to go aboard; to make a start; to invest

synonyms: to commence, launch, begin; to board

facile

a facile writer

facile

(adj.) easily done or attained; superficial; ready, fluent; easily shown but not sincerely felt

synonyms: easy, effortless; assured, poised; specious

antonyms: labored, awkward, halting

indomitable

admire her indomitable courage

indomitable

(adj.) unconquerable, refusing to yield

synonyms: unbeatable, invincible, unyielding

antonyms: yielding, surrendering, submissive

infallible

his infallible judgement

infallible

(adj.) free from error; absolutely dependable

synonyms: unerring, certainantonyms: open to error, imperfect

plod

plod wearily through the snow

plod

(v.) to walk heavily or slowly; to work slowly

synonyms: to lumber, trudgeantonyms: to scamper, skip, prance

pungent

the pungent odor of onion soup

pungent

(adj.) causing a sharp sensation; stinging, biting

synonyms: sharp, spicy, piquant; caustic; racy

antonyms: bland, unappetizing, colorless, insipid

remiss

remiss in doing daily chores

remiss

(adj.) neglectful in performance of one’s duty, careless

synonyms: negligent, lax, slackantonyms: scrupulous, dutiful,

punctilious

repose

a much-needed period of repose

repose

(v.) to rest; lie; place;(n.) relaxation; peace of mind, calmnesssynonyms: sleep; tranquility; a respiteantonyms: exertion; wakefulness;

tumult, bustle, ado

temerity

have the temerity to answer back

temerity

(n.) rashness, boldnesssynonyms: recklessness,

foolhardiness; effronteryantonyms: timidity, fearfulness,

diffidence, humility

truculent

shocked by his truculent disposition

truculent

(adj.) fierce and cruel; aggressive; deadly, destructive; scathingly harsh

synonyms: brutal, savage, belligerent, vitriolic

antonyms: gentle, mild; meek, unthreatening

unfeigned

the unfeigned emotions of a child

unfeigned

(adj.) sincere, real, without pretensesynonyms: genuine, heartfeltantonyms: insincere, simulated,

phony

virulent

a virulent racist

virulent

(adj.) extremely poisonous; full of malice, spiteful

synonyms: venomous; noxious, baneful; hateful

antonyms: innocuous, harmless; benign

Unit 6

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

accede

accede to your teacher’s reasonable request for silence

accede

(v.) to yield to; to assume an office or dignity

synonyms: to consent, concur, comply

antonyms: to withhold consent, demur, balk at

brandish

brandish his cane threateningly

brandish

(v.) to wave or flourish in a menacing fashion

synonyms: to swing, shake

comprise

a book comprised entirely of essays

comprise

(v.) to include or contain; to be made up of

synonyms: to compose, constitute, encompass

antonym: to exclude

deft

sew with deft fingers

deft

(adj.) skillful, nimblesynonyms: dexterous, adroit,

proficientantonyms: clumsy, awkward,

bungling, inept

destitute

aid to destitute families

destitute

(adj.) deprived of the necessities of life; lacking in

synonyms: wanting, devoid, impoverished

antonyms: rich, wealthy; luxurious, bountiful; full, replete

explicit

greatly in need of explicit directions

explicit

(adj.) definite, clearly statedsynonyms: distinct, forthright,

unambiguousantonyms: vague, ambiguous;

implied, implicit

extirpate

extirpate all forms of racism

extirpate

(v.) to tear up by the roots; to destroy totally

synonyms: to uproot, eradicate, wipe out

antonyms: to implant, sow; to foster, nourish

inopportune

arrive at an inopportune time for me

inopportune

(adj.) coming at a bad time; not appropriate

synonyms: ill-timed, inconvenient, inappropriate

antonyms: timely, convenient, felicitous

ironic

an ironic twist of fate

ironic

(adj.) suggesting a difference between what might be expected and what actually happens; sarcastic

synonyms: incongruous, satiric; wry, tongue-in-cheek

antonyms: straightforward

musty

a musty smell in the locker room

musty

(adj.) stale, moldy; out-of-datesynonyms: stale, hackneyed,

antiquatedantonyms: fresh, sweet-smelling; up-

to-date, brand new

officious

annoyed by the officious usher

officious

(adj.) meddling; excessively forward in offering services or assuming authority

synonym: prying, impertinentantonym: reserved, diffident, timid;

aloof

ominous

an ominous funnel cloud heading toward the apartment

ominous

(adj.) unfavorable, threatening, of bad omen

synonyms: unpropitious, inauspicious, portentous

antonyms: auspicious, propitious, promising

pinnacle

reach the pinnacle of Mt. Washington

pinnacle

(n.) a high peak or pointsynonyms: an apex, acme, summit,

apogeeantonyms: a low point, nadir, perigee

premeditated

guilty of premeditated murder

premeditated

(adj., part.) considered beforehand, deliberately planned

synonyms: preplanned, rehearsed, calculated

antonyms: unplanned, spontaneous, impromptu

rampant

rampant rumors about a snow day

rampant

(adj.) growing without check, running wild

synonyms: widespread, unrestrained, extravagant

antonyms: controlled, restrained, held in check

solace

find solace in sailing on the bay

solace the grieving girl

solace

(n.) comfort, relief; (v.) to comfort, console

synonyms: to soothe, reassureantonyms: to vex, aggravate, upset

stately

impressed by the stately ceremony

stately

(adj.) dignified, majesticsynonyms: grand, magnificent,

imposingantonyms: lowly, humble; servile,

abject

supple

the sapling’s supple branches

supple

(adj.) bending easily,; bending with agility; readily adaptable; servile

synonyms: flexible, limber, pliableantonyms: stiff, rigid; unbending,

hidebound

suppress

use force to suppress the protesters in Seattle

suppress

(v.) to stop by force, put downsynonyms: to subdue, crush, stifle,

squelch, quashantonyms: to provoke, spur, arouse,

incite, instigate

venal

a venal mayor who accepted bribes

venal

(adj.) open to or marked by bribery or corruption

synonyms: bribable, corruptible; mercenary

antonyms: honest, scrupulous, incorruptible

Unit 7

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

abhor

abhor all forms of violence

abhor

(v.) to regard with horror or loathing; to hate deeply

synonyms: to detest, despise, abominate

antonyms: to admire, cherish, respect; to relish

amend

amend the club’s rules

amend

(v.) to change in a formal way; to change for the better

synonyms: to modify; to improve, correct

buffet

buffet by high winds

buffet

(v.) to slap or cuff; to strike repeatedly; to drive or force with blows; force one’s way with difficulty; (n.) a slap, blow

synonyms: to batter, sock, thump, pummel

chaos

the chaos brought on by revolution

chaos

(n.) great confusion, disordersynonyms: anarchy, turmoil,

pandemoniumantonyms: order, regularity,

tranquillity, peace and quiet

commodious

a commodious pantry

commodious

(adj.) roomy, spacioussynonyms: comfortable, ample,

capacious, roomyantonyms: cramped, claustrophobic;

insufficient

corrosive

angered by his corrosive humor

corrosive

(adj.) eating away gradually, acidlike; bitterly sarcastic

synonyms: caustic, mordant, acidulous; spiteful

antonyms: bland, mild, benign, amiable

discern

try to discern the truth

discern

(v.) to see clearly, recognizesynonyms: to perceive, detect,

distinguishantonyms: to overlook, be blind to

extant

the oldest extant specimens of primitive art

extant

(adj.) still existing; not exterminated, destroyed, or lost

synonyms: surviving, existing, in existence

antonyms: extinct, defunct, vanished

implicate

implicate everyone present in the plot

implicate

(v.) to involve in; to connect with or be related to

synonyms: to incriminate; entangleantonyms: to absolve, exculpate, let

off the hook

inter

inter those slain in battle

inter

(v.) to bury; to consign to oblivionsynonyms: to bury, commit to the

earthantonyms: to unearth, exhume

martinet

a stern martinet hated by his troops

martinet

(n.) a strict disciplinarian; a stickler for the rules

synonyms: a taskmaster, slave driver

obviate

took steps to obviate the difficulties

obviate

(v.) to anticipate and prevent; to remove, dispose of

synonyms: to preclude, forestall, ward off

renegade

scorned by all as a renegade

renegade

(n.) one who leave a group; a deserted, outlaw; (adj.) traitorous; unconventional, unorthodox

synonyms: a turncoat, defector, hereticantonyms: a loyalist, patriot,

unswerving adherent

reprehensible

reprehensible acts

reprehensible

(adj.) deserving blame or punishment

synonyms: objectionable, blameworthy, culpable; odious

antonyms: blameless, commendable. meritorious

somber

painted in dark, somber colors

somber

(adj.) dark, gloomy; depressed or melancholy in spirit

synonyms: melancholy, mournful, dismal, gloomy

antonyms: bright, sunny; lighthearted, cheerful, jaunty

squalid

forced to live in a squalid tenement

squalid

(adj.) filthy, wretched, debasedsynonyms: dingy, sordid, foul, vile;

abjectantonyms: neat and clean, spruce;

exalted, lofty

turbulent

a turbulent mob of angry protesters

turbulent

(adj.) disorderly, riotous, violent; stormy

synonyms: tumultuous, unruly, agitated

antonyms: calm, placid, tranquil, still

vociferous

vociferous appeals for aid

vociferous

(adj.) loud and noisy; compelling attention

synonyms: clamorous, uproarious, blustering

antonyms: quiet; soft-spoken; muted, subdued

voluminous

bored by those voluminous reports

voluminous

(adj.) of great size; numerous; writing or speaking at great length

synonyms: bulky, massive; copious, plentiful

antonyms: scant, meager; brief, succinct

waive

waive their right to the property

waive

(v.) to do without, give up voluntarily; to put off temporarily, defer

synonyms: to decline, relinquish, forgoantonyms: to claim, accept; to insist on

Unit 8

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

animosity

the growing animosity among the factions

animosity

(n.) strong dislike; bitter hostility

synonyms: enmity, rancor, antipathyantonyms: affection, fondness,

rapport, amity

apathy

greeted my idea with total apathy.

apathy

(n.) lack of feeling, emotion, or interest

synonyms: indifference, disinterest, detachment

antonyms: enthusiasm, fervor, ardor; concern

apprehensive

tried to calm the apprehensive parents.

apprehensive

(adj.) fearful or anxious, especially about the future

synonyms: worried, nervous, fretful, jittery

antonyms: assured, confident, unworried, certain

commend

commend her for her excellent grades.

commend

(v.) to praise, express approval; to present as worthy of attention; to commit of the care of.

Synonyms: to praise, pat on the back; to entrust

compatible

statements not compatible with the facts

compatible

(adj.) able to get along or work well together; capable of use with some other model or system

synonyms: harmonious, in agreement, like-minded

antonyms: mismatched, incongruous, antagonistic

condolence

a condolence call

condolence

(n.) an expression of sympathy

synonyms: commiseration, solace, sympathy

consecrate

consecrate the new church

consecrate

(v.) to make sacred, hallow; to set apart for a special purpose

synonyms: to devote, dedicate; to sanctify

antonyms: to desecrate, defile, profane, dishonor

decrepit

unwilling to ride an old decrepit car

decrepit

(adj.) old and feeble; worn out, ruined

synonyms: infirm, broken-down, rickety, dilapidated

antonyms: vigorous, robust, sturdy, hale and hearty

deride

deride our accomplishments

ingenuous

take advantage of the ingenuous youth

ingenuous

(adj.) innocent, simple, frank, sincere

synonyms: naïve, artless, guileless, candid

antonyms: artful, crafty, worldly, sophisticated

multifarious

a busy schedule of multifarious activities

multifarious

(adj.). having a great variety; numerous and diverse

synonyms: varied, manifold, heterogeneous

antonyms: homogeneous, uniform, unvaried

obsolete

get rid of the obsolete machinery

obsolete

get rid of the obsolete machinery

obsolete

(adj.) out of date, no longer in usesynonyms: outmoded, antiquated,

passe, “old hat”antonyms: current, up-to-date,

brand-new

omnivorous

an omnivorous animal

omnivorous

(adj.) eating every kind of food; eagerly taking in everything, having a wide variety of tastes

synonyms: all devouring, voracious

parsimonious

his parsimonious employer

parsimonious

(adj.) stingy, miserly; meager, poor, small

synonyms: frugal, niggardly, penny-pinching, “cheap”

antonyms: generous, open-handed

quandary

help us out with this quandary

quandary

(n.) a state of perplexity or doubt

synonyms: confusion, a dilemma, predicament

recalcitrant

threaten to punish the recalcitrant children

recalcitrant

(adj.) stubbornly disobedient, resisting authority

synonyms: unruly, obstinate, contrary, ornery

antonyms: obedient, docile, cooperative, compliant

reprisal

fear what they will do in reprisal

reprisal

(n.) an injury done in return for an injury

synonyms: retaliation, revenge, retribution

revel

revel in the attention

revel

(v.) to take great pleasure in; (n.) a wild celebration

synonyms: to relish, savor, bask in; to carouse

antonyms: to abhor, loathe

stultify

stultify by the oppressive heat

stultify

(v.) to make ineffective or useless, cripple; to have a dulling effect on

synonyms: to smother, stifle; to neutralize, negate

antonyms: to arouse, excite, inspire, stimulate

suave

a suave man-about-town

suave

(adj.) smoothly agreeable or polite; pleasing to the senses

synonyms: sophisticated, urbane, polished

antonyms: unpolished, crude, clumsy, oafish, loutish

Unit 9

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

allocate

allocate funds for the project

allocate

(v.) to set apart or designate for a special purpose; to distribute

synonyms: to assign, allot, apportion

ardent

(adj.) very enthusiastic, impassionedsynonyms: intense, zealous, fervent,

avidantonyms: indifferent, stolid,

phlegmatic, apathetic

assiduous

an assiduous student

assiduous

(adj). persistent, attentive, diligentsynonyms: industrious, unremitting,

sedulousantonyms: lazy, lackadaisical,

shiftless

brash

a brash young hothead

brash

(adj.) prone to act in a hasty manner; impudent

synonyms: rash, impetuous; brazen, impertinent

antonyms: prudent, wary, cautious, circumspect

capricious

confused by his capricious behavior

capricious

(adj.) subject to whims or passing fancies

synonyms: impulsive, fickle, unpredictable, mercurial

antonyms: constant, steady, steadfast, unwavering

chastise

(v.) to inflict physical punishment as a means of correction; to scold severely

synonyms: to discipline, censure, call on the carpet

antonyms: to commend, pat on the back; to reward

copious

take copious notes

copious

(adj). abundant, plentiful; wordy, verbose

synonyms: ample, profuse, bountifulantonyms: inadequate, meager,

scanty; concise

deviate

(v.) to stray aside; (n.) one who departs from a norm; (adj.) unconventional

synonyms: to diverge, veer, swerveantonyms: to conform to, abide by;

orthodox

emaciated

the starving man’s emaciated body

emaciated

(adj., part.) made unnaturally thinsynonyms: gaunt, withered,

shriveled, all skin and bonesantonyms: plump, fat, obese,

corpulent

exult

exult in their unexpected victory

exult

(v.) to rejoice greatlysynonyms: to revel, glory inantonyms: to mope, sulk; to regret,

rue, lament

gnarled

the gnarled limbs of the oak tree

gnarled

(adj.) knotted, twisted, lumpysynonyms: misshapen, contortedantonyms: smooth, unblemished,

straight

indemnity

demand some indemnity for his losses

indemnity

(n.) a payment for damage or loss

synonyms: compensation, restitution, reparation

inkling

gave no inkling of how she really felt

inkling

(n.) a hint; a vague notion

synonyms: a clue, intimation, suggestion

limpid

the limpid waters of a mountain lake

limpid

(adj.) clear, transparent; readily understood

synonyms: lucid, intelligible; transparent, clear

antonyms: clouded, murky, opaque

omnipotent

do not want an omnipotent ruler

omnipotent

(adj.) almighty, having unlimited power or authority

synonyms: all-powerfulantonyms: powerless, impotent,

feeble, weak

palatable

find the cafeteria food most palatable

palatable

(adj.) agreeable to the taste or one’s sensibilities; suitable for consumption

synonyms: edible; appetizing, attractive

antonyms: inedible; distasteful, disagreeable

poignant

a poignant death scene

poignant

(adj.) deeply affecting, touching; keen or sharp in taste or smell

synonyms: heartrending, bittersweet, melancholy

antonyms: unaffecting, bland, vapid, insipid; funny

rancor

feel no rancor at his defeat

rancor

felt no rancor at his defeat

rancor

(n.) bittersweet resentment or ill-willsynonyms: animosity, enmity,

bitternessantonyms: goodwill, harmony,

rapport, amity

sophomoric

vexed by their sophomoric comments

sophomoric

(adj.) immature but overconfident; conceited

synonyms: pretentious; superficial, fatuous

antonyms: mature; judicious, sage; knowledgeable

spontaneous

the spontaneous reaction of a child

spontaneous

(adj.) arising naturally; not planned or engineered in advance

synonyms: unpremeditated, unplanned, impromptu

antonyms: planned, contrived, premeditated, rehearsed

Unit 10

Vocabulary Workshop

Level E

Regular 10 English

acquiesce

acquiesce to her parents’ request

acquiesce

(v.) to accept without protest; to agree or submit

synonyms: comply with, accede, consent, yield

antonyms: resist, protest

allure

allured by dreams of stardom

allure

(v.) to entice, tempt,; to be attractive to (n.) a strong attraction; the power to attract, charm

synonyms: (v.) beguile, tantalize; (n.) temptation, enticement

antonyms: (v.) repel, turn off (n.) repellant

askew

his face askew when he sneezed

askew

(adj., adv.) twisted to one side, crooked; disapprovingly

synonyms: awry, lopsided, cockeyed

antonyms: straight, symmetrical

blithe

blithe boys who won the lottery

blithe

(adj.) cheerful, lighthearted; casual, unconcerned

synonyms: carefree, nonchalant, indifferent

antonyms: glum, morose, despondent, depressed

contentious

the contentious countries

contentious

(adj.) quarrelsome, inclined to argue

synonyms: argumentative, disputatious, combative

antonyms: agreeable, amiable, affable, pacific

covet

covet the dress she was wearing

covet

(v.) to desire something belonging to another

synonyms: crave, yearn for, hunger for

antonyms: disdain, scorn, despise

crestfallen

crestfallen after losing the game

crestfallen

(adj.) discouraged, dejected, downcast

synonyms: despondent, disconsolate

antonyms: elated, cheerful, self-satisfied, cocky

disheveled

his disheveled hair

disheveled

(adj.) rumpled, mussed; hanging in disorder

synonyms: untidy, disarranged, tousled, unkempt

antonyms: tidy, neat, orderly, well-groomed

exponent

an exponent of constant reading

exponent (n.) none who advocates, speaks for,

explains, or interprets; (math) the power to which a number, symbol, or expression is to be raised

synonyms: defender, champion, interpreter

antonyms: critic, adversary, faultfinder, detractor

garrulous

the garrulous girls

garrulous

(adj.) given to much talking, tediously chatty

synonyms: talkative, loquacious, long-winded

antonyms: reticent, mum, taciturn, laconic, reserved

insuperable

the insuperable Super Bowl winners

insuperable

(adj.) incapable of being overcome

synonyms: invincible, insurmountable

antonyms: surmountable, conquerable

lamentable

the lamentable conditions after Katrina

lamentable

(adj.) to be regretted or pitied

synonyms: deplorable, regrettable, distressing

antonyms: praiseworthy, commendable, laudable

misnomer

“Danger” is no misnomer

misnomer

(n.) an unsuitable or misleading name

synonyms: misnaming, malapropism

profess

professes to be a baseball fan

profess

(v.) to affirm openly; to state belief in; to claim, pretend

synonyms: assert, declare, proclaim, purport

antonyms: disclaim, disavow, repudiate

respite

respite from school during vacation

respite

(n.) a brief period of relief or rest

synonyms: interval, intermission, lull, breather

retribution

(n.) a repayment; a deserved punishment

synonyms: recompense, requital, just desserts

sinuous

the sinuous road along the Delaware River

sinuous

(adj.) winding, having many curves; lithe and flexible

synonyms: twisting, convoluted, serpentine, supple

antonyms: direct, straight, unbending, stiff, rigid

sonorous

the sonorous snoring of the man

sonorous

(adj.) full, deep, or rich in sound; impressive in style

synonyms: resonant, resounding, grandiloquent

antonyms: tinny, reedy, harsh, grating

vanguard

Apple computers, the vanguard of technology

vanguard

(n.) the foremost part of an army; the leading position in any field

synonyms: forefront, cutting edge, trailblazers

antonyms: rear guard, stragglers, laggards

wastrel

a wastrel at Bloomingdales

wastrel

(n.) a wasteful person, spendthrift; a good-for-nothing

synonyms: loafer, idler, squanderer, profligate

antonyms: skinflint, tightwad, miser

Chapter 11

Vocabulary Workshop

Level E –

Regular 10 English

allude

allude to the fight in the hall

allude

(v.) to refer to casually or indirectly

synonyms: suggest, insinuate, hint at, intimate

clairvoyant

visited the clairvoyant sports announcer

clairvoyant (adj.) supernaturally perceptive (n.) one who possesses extrasensory powers, seer synonyms: (adj.) insightful, discerning,

uncanny; (n.) visionary antonyms: (adj.) blind, unseeing, myopic, dense, imperceptive

conclusive

conclusive evidence about the murder

conclusive

(adj.) serving to settle an issue; final

synonyms: decisive, indisputable, convincing, definitive

antonyms: unsettled, provisional, indefinite

disreputable

the disreputable street corner

disreputable

(adj.) not respectable, not esteemed

synonyms: disgraceful, discreditable, shady

antonyms: honest, aboveboard, respectable, creditable

endemic

the palm trees endemic to Florida

endemic

(adj.) native or confined to a particular region or people; characteristic of or prevalent in a field

synonyms: indigenous, restricted to

antonyms: alien, foreign, extraneous

exemplary

the exemplary I-Search paper which received an “A”

exemplary

(adj.) worthy of imitation, commendable; serving as a model

synonyms: praiseworthy, meritorious, sterling, illustrative

antonyms: infamous, notorious, scandalous, disreputable

fathom

tried to fathom the math problem

fathom

(v.) to understand, get to the bottom; to determine the depth of; (n.) a measure of depth in water

synonyms: (v.) grasp, comprehend, figure out, plumb

guile

the liar’s guile

guile

(n.) treacherous cunning, deceit synonyms: trickery, duplicity,

chicanery

antonyms: candor, artlessness, naïveté, plain dealing

integrity

the integrity of the boy who never cheated

integrity

(n.) honesty, high moral standards; an unimpaired condition, completeness, soundness

synonyms: rectitude, probity

antonyms: dishonesty, corruption, turpitude

itinerary

the itinerary for the class trip to Florida

itinerary

(n.) a route of travel; a record of travel; a guidebook

synonyms: schedule, program

misconstrue

misconstrue the car dealer’s offer

misconstrue

(v.) to interpret wrongly, mistake the meaning of

synonyms: misjudge, misinterpret

obnoxious

the obnoxious smell of rotting fish

obnoxious

(adj.) highly offensive; arousing strong dislike

synonyms: disagreeable, repugnant, hateful, odious

antonyms: agreeable, pleasing, engaging, personable

placate

placate the fussy baby

placate

(v.) to appease, soothe, pacify

synonyms: satisfy, mollify, allay, conciliate

antonyms: vex, irk, provoke, exasperate, annoy

placid

the placid lake

placid

(adj.) calm, peaceful

synonyms: undisturbed, tranquil, quiet, serene

antonyms: stormy, agitated, turbulent, tempestuous

plagiarism

failed the paper because of plagiarism

plagiarism

(n.) passing off or using as one’s own the writing (or other materials) of another person

synonyms: piracy, theft

potent

the potent antibiotic

potent

(adj.) powerful; highly effective

synonyms: mighty, forcible, formidable

antonyms: weak, inept, feckless, powerless, ineffective

pretext

the pretext that she was absent due to illness

pretext

(n.) a false reason, deceptive excuse

synonyms: pretense, cover story, rationale, evasion

protrude

the tooth that protrudes

protrude

(v.) to stick out, thrust forth

synonyms: project, jut out, bulge

stark

the stark desert

stark

(adj.) harsh, unrelieved, desolate; (adv) utterly

synonyms: (adj.) sheer, downright, grim, bleak; (adv.) absolutely

antonyms: (adj.) bright, cheerful, embellished, ornate

superficial

the superficial wound on his hand

superficial

(adj.) on or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow

synonyms: skin-deep, insubstantial, cursory, slapdash

antonyms: deep, profound, thorough, exhaustive

Unit 12

Vocabulary Workshop Level E – Regular 10 English

abjure

Prospero abjures his powers over nature

abjure

(v.) to renounce, repudiate under oath, to avoid, shun

synonyms: forswear, retract, recant, abstain from

antonyms : affirm, avow, aver, profess

acrid

the acrid stench of the fire

acrid

(adj.) harsh in taste or odor; sharp in manner or temper

synonyms: irritating, stinging, bitter, caustic

antonyms: gentle, soothing, mild

august

august visages of four of America’s great presidents

august

(adj.) majestic, inspiring admiration and respect

synonyms: stately, dignified, exalted, venerable

antonyms: humble, base, mean, lowly, abject

callous

accused the mayor of callous indifference

callous

(adj.) emotionally hardened, unfeeling

synonyms: insensitive, unsympathetic, thick-skinned

antonyms: sensitive, compassionate, tenderhearted

clandestine

clandestine search by the FBI

clandestine

(adj.) secret, concealed, underhanded

synonyms: covert, furtive, surreptitious, stealthy

antonyms: open, overt, undisguised, aboveboard

compunction

no compunction about his cheating

compunction

(n.) remorse, regret

synonyms: scruple, qualm, misgiving, contrition

antonyms: shamelessness, insouciance, nonchalance

conflagration

squirting water on the conflagration

conflagration

(n.) a large, destructive fire

synonyms: holocaust, wildfire

antonyms: deluge, flood

elated

elated women on South Street

elated

(adj. part.) in high spirits, jubilant, extremely pleased

synonyms: overjoyed, ecstatic, tickled pink

antonyms: depressed, crestfallen, despondent, blue

indelible

indelible ink stain on the board

indelible

(adj.) not able to be erased or removed; memorable

synonyms: lasting, permanent, unforgettable

antonyms: erasable, impermanent, ephemeral

indulgent

indulgent father bought the spoiled boy a Corvette

indulgent

(adj.) yielding to the wishes or demands of others

synonyms: lenient, permissive, tolerant, liberal

antonyms: strict, severe, inflexible, hard-nosed

inveterate

an inveterate liar

inveterate

(adj.) firmly established

synonyms: persisting, chronic, dyed-in-the-wool

antonyms: sporadic, intermittent, occasional

irrelevant

irrelevant sentences in the essay

irrelevant

(adj.) not to the point, not applicable or pertinent

synonyms: inapplicable, immaterial, beside the point

antonyms: pertinent, material, apropos, germane

nocturnal

nocturnal animals including raccoons

nocturnal

(adj.) of or occurring in the night; under cover of darkness

synonyms: nighttime

antonyms: daytime, diurnal

platitude

the teacher’s platitudes

platitude

(n.) a commonplace, stale, or trite remark

synonyms: cliché, truism, bromide

antonyms: epigram, quip, witticism, bon mot

quell

quell the riot

quell

(v.) to subdue, put down forcibly

synonyms: suppress, pacify, squelch, quash, crush

antonyms: incite, provoke, arouse, foment, stir up

quiescent

the quiescent, sleeping child

quiescent

(adj.) inactive, at rest

synonyms: still, inert, motionless, dormant, tranquil

antonyms: active, thriving, lively, bustling, volatile

ruminate

ruminate on that for awhile

ruminate

(v.) to meditate, think about at length

synonyms: ponder, reflect, mull over, muse

tacit

a tacit understanding with each other

tacit

(adj.) unspoken, silent; implied, inferred

synonyms: unexpressed, unvoiced, understood, implicit

antonyms: explicit, express, specific

tangible

tangible progress toward a settlement

tangible

(adj.) capable of being touched; real, concrete

synonyms: perceptible, actual, evident, palpable

antonyms: immaterial, imperceptible, insubstantial

trenchant

the trenchant satires of Jonathan Swift

trenchant

(adj.) incisive, keen; forceful, effective; cutting, caustic; distinct, clear-cut

synonyms: penetrating, cutting, telling, acute

antonyms: dull, bland, vapid, imperceptive

Unit 13

Vocabulary Workshop Level E - Regular 10 English

antipathy

has an antipathy for spinach

antipathy

(n.) a strong dislike, hostile feelingsynonyms: hostility, enmity,

aversion, bad bloodantonyms: attraction, appeal, allure,

sympathy

applicable

not applicable to this case

applicable

(adj.) capable of being applied; relevant, suitable

synonyms: appropriate, relevant, fit, apt, apposite

antonyms: inappropriate, unsuitable, irrelevant

asset

the company’s asset

asset

(n.) something of value; a resource; an advantage

synonyms: a property, possession, holding, endowment

antonyms: a drawback, handicap, liability

beset

beset with many fears

beset

(v.) to attack from all sides; to surround, hem in (part.) harassed, troubled

synonyms: to assail, harass, badger, pester, torment

compassion

felt compassion for the poor

compassion

(n.) sympathy for another’s suffering; pity

synonyms: concern, pity, commiseration, empathy

antonyms: indifference, callousness, heartlessness

decorum

disturb the decorum of the meeting

decorum

(noun) proper behavior, good taste; orderliness

synonyms: seemliness, good form, propriety

antonyms: impropriety, bad form, bad taste

duress

confessed under duress

duress

(n.) compulsion by threat; forcible confinement

synonyms: compulsion, intimidation, coercion

exuberant

unable to control their exuberant spirits

exuberant

(adj.) high spirited, enthusiastic, unrestrained, excessive, abundant

synonyms: lively, ebullient, irrepressible; lavish

antonyms: depressed, despondent, sulky

facsimile

obtain a facsimile of the Constitution

facsimile

(n.) an exact copysynonyms: a replica, duplicate,

reproduction, cloneantonyms: a variation, modification,

permutation

imbibe

imbibe knowledge from many sources

imbibe

(v.) to drink; to take in, absorbsynonyms: to swallow, gulp, quaff;

to assimilate, digestantonyms: to eject, emit, expel,

discharge

implacable

fighting against an implacable enemy

implacable

(adj.) not to be satisfied or pacified; unyielding

synonyms: relentless, inexorable, unappeasable

antonyms: lenient, indulgent, permissive; flexible

an infinitesimal amount of dust

infinitesimal

infinitesimal

(adj.) so small as to be almost immeasurable; minute

synonyms: tiny, microscopic, minuscule; unnoticeable

antonyms: vast, immense, huge, infinite

innocuous

makes innocuous remarks

innocuous

(adj.) harmless, inoffensive; insignificant

synonyms: feeble, impotent; unobjectionable; insipid

antonyms: harmful, dangerous, pernicious, toxic, virulent

militate

since the present situation militates against the success of the undertaking

militate

(v.) to have effect or force on or against someone or something

synonyms: to counter, oppose, work against

patent

make a patent error

patent

(n.) exclusive rights over an invention; copyright (v.) to arrange or obtain such rights (adj.) plain, open to view; copyrighted

synonyms: evident, plainantonyms: hidden, clandestine

prowess

won fame for his military prowess

prowess

(n.) distinguished bravery; superior skill or ability

synonyms: valor, courage, heroism, mastery, proficiency

antonyms: cowardice, incompetence, ineptitude

sedate

conduct herself in a sedate manner

sedate

(adj.) quiet, settled, sober (v.) to administer a tranquilizer

synonyms: unruffled, composed, cool and collected

antonyms: loud, brash, flashy, flamboyant; flighty, giddy

stentorian

the speaker’s stentorian delivery

stentorian

(adj.) extremely loudsynonyms: thundering, booming,

deafening, earsplittingantonyms: hushed, inaudible,

whispered, mute

stipulate

stipulate the terms of employment

stipulate

(v.) to arrange specifically; to require as a condition of agreement

synonyms: to specify, require, contract, provide for

ultimatum

present an ultimatum to the enemy

ultimatum

(n.) a final proposal or statement of conditions

synonym: final termsantonyms: persuasion, coaxing,

sweet talk, cajolery

Chapter 14

Vocabulary Workshop

Level E

Regular 10 English

alacrity

firemen responded with alacrity

alacrity

(n.) a cheerful readiness; brisk and eager action

synonyms: promptness, willingness, dispatch, celerity

antonyms: reluctance, unwillingness, hesitancy

alleviate

an aspirin to alleviate the pain

alleviate

(v.) to relieve, make more bearable

synonyms: lessen, lighten, allay, mitigate, assuage

antithesis

the antithesis of our government

antithesis

(n.) the direct opposite, a sharp contrast

synonyms: contrary, antipode

appall

the assassination appalled the nation

appall

(v.) to fill with dismay or horror

synonyms: shock, stun, stupefy, horrify

antonyms: please, cheer, gladden, elate, exhilarate

bellicose

the bellicose dictator

bellicose

(adj.) warlike in manner or temperament; quarrelsome

synonyms: aggressive, combative, belligerent

antonyms: amicable, peaceable, conciliatory, pacific

disparage

disparage their efforts

disparage

(v.) to belittle, speak slightingly of; to undervalue

synonyms: degrade, decry, run down, underrate

antonyms: praise, extol, laud, plug

dissonant

the sound of dissonant voices

dissonant

(adj.) not in harmony; disagreeing, at odds

synonyms: grating, strident, unmelodious, irreconcilable

antonyms: harmonious, agreeing, euphonious

droll

a droll sense of humor

droll

(adj.) amusingly odd

synonyms: comical, humorous, whimsical, zany

antonyms: humorless, solemn, dour

edict

banished forever by a royal edict

edict

(n.) an order issued by someone in authority

synonyms: command, decree, proclamation

elucidate

a text hard to elucidate

elucidate

(v.) to clarify, explain

synonyms: interpret, expound, explicate

antonyms: obscure, becloud, muddy, obfuscate

laud

laud the fine performance

laud

(v.) to praise

synonyms: hail, extol, glorify, exalt

antonyms: criticize, censure, belittle, disparage

loll

loll in a hammock under the trees

loll

(v.) to act in a lazy manner; to lounge; to recline, droop

synonyms: loaf, loiter, sag, dangle

loquacious

(adj.) talkative; wordy, fond of talking

synonyms: gossipy, voluble, garrulous, long-winded

antonyms: petty, selfish, unforgiving, spiteful

magnanimous

a magnanimous donation to charity

magnanimous

(adj.) generous in forgiving; above small meanness

synonyms: unselfish, charitable, noble, bighearted

antonyms: petty, selfish, unforgiving, spiteful

mandatory

the mandatory assignment due

tomorrow

mandatory

(adj.) required, obligatory

synonyms: compulsory, requisite, imperative

antonyms: optional, voluntary, discretionary

nondescript

the nondescript, drab dress

nondescript

(adj.) ordinary, not outstanding; not easily classified

synonyms: plain, unremarkable, unimpressive

antonyms: distinctive, remarkable, vivid, prepossessing

phlegmatic

as phlegmatic as a sloth

phlegmatic

(adj.) slow-moving, sluggish, unemotional

synonyms: lethargic, indolent, torpid, stolid, impassive

antonyms: emotional, sensitive, thin-skinned, excitable

rescind

rescinded the previous law

rescind

(v.) to repeal, cancel

synonyms: withdraw, revoke, retract, annul, abrogate

antonyms: affirm, endorse, uphold, ratify

vivacious

the vivacious cheerleader

vivacious

(adj.) lively, sprightly, full of energy

synonyms: spirited, animated, ebullient

antonyms: dull, spiritless, listless, indolent, languid

whet

whet your curiosity

whet

(v.) to sharpen, put an edge on; to make keen or eager

synonyms: hone, excite, stimulate

antonyms: dull, blunt, deaden, stifle, dampen

Unit 15

Vocabulary Workshop

Level E

Regular 10 English

abrasive

abrasive cleansers that leave scratches

abrasive

(adj.) causing irritation, harsh; grinding or wearing down; (n.) substance used to smooth or polish

synonyms (adj.) chafing, grating, rasping, erosive

antonyms (adj.) smooth, polished, satiny, oily unctuous

acclimate

acclimate to the new school

acclimate

(v.) to adapt to a new climate, environment, or situation

synonyms: accustom, learn the

ropes

chagrin

felt chagrin after missing the basket

chagrin

(n.) irritation or humiliation caused by disappointment or frustration ((v.) to cause such a feeling

synonyms: (n.) vexation, mortification; (v,) abash, mortify

antonyms: (n.) jubilation, exultation, triumph; (v.) exult, delight

complacent

complacent about his grades

complacent

(adj.) self-satisfied; overly content

synonyms: smug, pleased with oneself

antonyms: discontented, chagrined

concur

concurred with the manager’s decision

concur

(v.) to express agreement, approve

synonyms: agree, assent, ratify, approve

antonyms: disagree, differ, part company

defamation

sued for defamation

defamation

(n.) slander or libel

synonyms: vilification, calumny, mudslinging

antonyms: salute, tribute, testimonial, praise

explicate

explicate the themes of the novel

explicate

(v.) to make plain or clear, explain; to interpret

synonyms: clarify, elucidate, untangle, spell out

antonyms: confuse, bewilder, obscure, obfuscate

fracas

a fracas during the hockey game

fracas

(n.) a noisy quarrel or brawl

synonyms: row, altercation, rhubarb, brouhaha

antonyms: agreement, accord, unanimity, harmony

grotesque

grotesque pictures on the walls of the house

grotesque

(adj.) unnatural, distorted; bizarre

synonyms: fantastic, outlandish, ugly, deformed

antonyms: appealing, attractive, comely

pandemonium

pandemonium on Fridays on South Street

pandemonium

(n.) a wild uproar, din, or commotion

synonyms: chaos, tumult, bedlam, three-ring circus

antonyms: order, calm, tranquility, peace, repose

raucous

heard the loud raucous in the hallway

raucous

(adj.) disagreeably harsh-sounding, disorderly

synonyms: boisterous, clamorous, strident

antonyms: placid, tranquil, peaceful, serene, pastoral

receptive

receptive to new ideas

receptive

(adj.) open and responsive to new ideas or suggestions

synonyms: open-minded, tolerant, amenable

antonyms: narrow-minded, intolerant, hidebound

renounce

renounce his previous beliefs

renounce

(v.) to give up or resign something

synonyms: repudiate, disown, abdicate, abjure

antonyms: retain, secure, affirm, assent, aver

repress

(v.) to hold back; to put down or check by force

synonyms: subdue, curb, stifle, constrain, bottle up

antonyms: liberate, set loose, provoke, excite

reticent

(adj.) not inclined to speak; reserved, reluctant

synonyms: taciturn, closemouthed, tight-lipped

antonyms: talkative, garrulous, voluble, long-winded

savory

a savory meal in the school cafeteria

savory

(adj.) tasty, appetizing; pungent or salty, not sweet; inoffensive, respectable

synonyms: delectable, flavorful, aromatic, piquant

antonyms: distasteful, unpalatable, malodorous, bland

somnolent

the somnolent students in the morning

somnolent

(adj.) sleepy, drowsy, inducing sleep

synonyms: groggy, soporific

antonyms: alert, lively, wide-awake, stimulating

vehement

vehement about despising racism

vehement

(adj.) intense, forceful, powerful

synonyms: emphatic, fierce, vigorous, impassioned

antonyms: uncommunicative, reticent, taciturn, terse

voluble

voluble students who interrupted their peers

voluble

(adj.) characterized by a steady flow of words; glib, fluent

synonyms: loquacious, garrulous, long-winded, prolix

antonyms: reluctant, unwilling, averse, tepid

zealous

zealous about doing vocabulary assignments

zealous

(adj.) eager, earnest, devoted

synonyms: ardent, fervent, devout, dogged, gung ho

antonyms: reluctant, unwilling, averse, tepid