VISUAL IN INSTRUCTION

Roles of Visual in Instruction

1) Provide a concrete referent for ideas - iconic i.e. more easily to be remembered as compared to words

This visual image of an apple is the referent of the word ‘apple’

Roles of Visual in Instruction

2) Motivate learners- by attracting learners’ attention and generating emotional responses

Roles of Visual in Instruction

3) Simplify information that is difficult to understand

SERIES OF DESIGN DECISION

Visual Design Element Visual Design Pattern Visual Design Arrangement

Visual Element Verbal Element

Realistic

Analogic

Organization

Letter style

Colour

Capitals

Number of style

Size

Spacing

Alignment

Style

Balance

Shape

Colour scheme

Colour appeal

Add Appeals

Surprise

Texture

Interaction

Proximity

Directionals

Figure-ground contrast

Consistency

Roles of Visual in Instruction

4) Provide redundant channel - comprehend spoken and written information

Function of Visual Instruction

• Learner preferences and styles can effectively be addressed

Function of Visual Instruction

• Enhanced learning and retention take place through the use of visual material

Function of Visual Instruction

• Bring deeper understanding to complex subject matter

Function of Visual Instruction

• Help students focus attention

• Motivate learners

Function of Visual Instruction

• Play a vital role in education and training

Function of Visual Instruction

• In teaching, teachers have to be innovative in presenting lessons to students so that they will be clearly understood

Function of Visual Instruction

• In this regard, the use of visual as delivers aide in teaching help teachers delivers their lessons to the students in a more creative and innovative way.

Function of Visual Instruction

Goals of Visual Design

Ensure legibility

Goals of Visual Design

Reduce effort ( cognitive load)

Goals of Visual Design

Focus attention

Process of Visual Design

1) Elements – selecting the verbal/visual elements to be incorporated into display

2) Pattern – choosing an underlying pattern for the elements of the display

3) Arrangement – arranging the individual element within the underlying pattern

PROCESS OF VISUAL DESIGN

Visual Design Element Visual Design Pattern Visual Design Arrangement

Visual Element Verbal Element

Realistic

Analogic

Organization

Letter style

Colour

Capitals

Number of style

Size

Spacing

Alignment

Style

Balance

Shape

Colour scheme

Colour appeal

Add Appeals

Surprise

Texture

Interaction

Proximity

Directionals

Figure-ground contrast

Consistency

Process of Visual Design : Elements

1) Visual elements i) Realistic

ii) Analogiciii) Organizational

Elements : Visual Elements

1) Realistic• Show the actual object under study

ABSTRACT REALISTIC

Elements : Visual Elements

1) Realistic visuals• The more realistic a visual is, the closer it

is to the original

Elements : Visual Elements

2) Analogic visuals• Convey topic by showing something else

and implying a similarity• E.g. the function of human memory with

the function of computer memory

Elements : Visual Elements

3) Organizational visuals• Such as flowcharts, graphs, maps,

classification charts

Elements : Verbal Elements

1) Letter style• It should be consistent and harmonize with

the other visual elements • Straightforward and plain style

Example: Arial Arial Arial Arial

Elements : Verbal Elements

2) Number of lettering styles• Not more than 2 different type styles• Limit variations (bold, italic, underline, size

changes) to four

Elements : Verbal Elements

3) Capitals• Use lowercase letters• Adding capitals when it is necessary• Headlines can be in capitals but not more

than 3 words

Elements : Verbal Elements

4) Colour of lettering• The lettering colour should contrast with

the background colour• Think about your audience..

Elements : Verbal Elements

5) Size of lettering• Rule of thumb: make lower case letters ½

inch high for each 10 feet of viewer distance

Elements : Verbal Elements

6) Spacing between letters• Consider ‘optical spacing’• Estimating approximately equal amounts

of with space between letters

L A B W O R K

Elements : Verbal Elements

7) Spacing between lines• Letters should be not too cramped or too

widely separate• Text is most legible when separation is

11/2 times average letter height

Elements : Elements that add appeals

1) Surprise• Think unusual metaphor, a dramatic

change of size

2) Texture• Use 3 dimensional visuals (if possible)• It can convey clearer idea

Elements : Elements that add appeals

3) Interaction• R of the ASSURE MODEL• Ask learners to respond visual displays by

manipulating materials on the display

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

1) Alignment2) Shape3) Balance4) Style5) Colour scheme6) Colour appeal

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

1) Alignment• Balance alignment• Same imaginary horizontal and vertical

line• Viewer expend little effort making sense

out of what they are seeing

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

2) Shape• Put and arrange visual into shape that

familiar to learner• Simple geometric figure – circle, rectangle• Consider of the ‘Rule Of Thirds’

Rule of Thirds

• Place your important elements where these lines intersect • Good places to put things; third of the way up, third of the way in from the left • Duff places to put things; right in the middle, right at the top, right at the bottom, away in the corner

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

3) Balance• The ‘weight’ of the elements in a display is

equally distributed either horizontally or vertically

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

4) Style• Simple, uncluttered• Primary colour for children• Realistic colour for adult

Process of Visual Design : Pattern

5) Colour scheme• Consider the harmoniousness of the

colour – color wheel

6) Colour appeal • Consider ‘warm’ and ‘cool’ colour• Warm colour – active learner, children• Cool colour – thoughtful learner, adult• Consider cultural basis

Complimentary colours: any two coloursthat lie directly opposite each other

Analogous colours: colours that lie next to each other

Complimentary and Analogous colours may form pleasing combinations when used together in a display

The Colour Wheel

• Use cool colour for background• Highlight important cues in warm colour such as red and orange

Process of Visual Design : Arrangement

1) Proximity• Element that close to each other are

related and vice versa

2) Directionals• Can be used to direct attention• Eye movement pattern• E.g. arrow, bold, ‘bullet’

Process of Visual Design : Arrangement

3) Figure-ground contrast• Wording should contrast to the

background

4) Consistency• Consistent in the arrangement of the

elements• Place similar element in similar location• Use same text for headlines