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VIRTUALITY OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

ByN.S.Venkatesh,

T.John college of pharmacy,Bengaluru.

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BEGINNING OF NANOSCIENCE

Richard Feynman (1918-1988). Physicist. Shared Nobel Prize in 1965 for

“Quantum electrodynamics” “There’s plenty of room at the

bottom”

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WHAT IS NANO?

Nano in greek means “dwarfs”

Nanotechnology is the ‘engineering of functional systems at the nanoscale’ (atomic, molecular, macromolecular).

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COMPARISION Human hair = 20,000 nm; can carry 1 lakh

nanoparticle.

Whole population……you & me is Nano.

A small marble piece in earth.

2 Sec ……. 1 nm growth of beard.

10 hydrogen atoms= 1 nm.

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DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Top-down Approach……….Tera to Atto Or (1012 to 10-18).

Bottom-up Approach.……..Atto to Micro Or ( 10-18 to 10-6)

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WHAT IS NANO MATERIAL?

Nanoparticle ……. gold, silver, platinum, iron.

Nanofilaments ……silicone, wrinkle proof cloth.

Nanotubes …………carbon tubes.

Nanofilms ………….graphenes

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PREPARATION OF NANOMATERIAL Physical Method: Ball mill, Laser...etc

Chemical Method: (i) Metal Salt + Alcohol / Reducing agent.

(ii) Metals (oxides)+reagents+water.....heated-up in a closed vessel……nano particle.

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STEPS INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL METHOD

1.Homogenizer2.Ultra Sonicator3.Mills4.Spray Milling5.Supercritical Fluid Technology6.Electrospray7.Ultracentrifugation8.Nanofiltration

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FORMATION OF NANOPARTICLES

Solution of Dextran + Ferric hexahydrate (acidic solution)

Drip in Ammonium hydroxide (basic) at ~2oC

Stirred at 75oC for 75 min.

Purified by washing and ultra-centrifugation

Resulting Size ~ 10-20 nm Plasma half-life: 200 min

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FOUR GENERATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

1. Passive nanostructure:- Aerosols. (2000)

2. Active nanostructure:- Targeted drugs.(2005)

3. Systems of nano:- Robotics. (2010)

4. Molecular nanosystem:- Atomic design, Military camera (2015-20)

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APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

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APPLICATIONS 1. Nanocosmetics……Nanosome skin cream. 2.Nanotextiles…….Lotus leaves, PTFE. 3.Nanosensors…….Dog, Dolphin, Tsunami. 4.Drug delivery……..BBB. 5.Tissue engineering….Tissue

transplantations. 6.Lap on a chip (LOP)….ABG, Glucometer. 7.CNT display…..Aspect ratio, Clarity, Long lasting 8.Nanocomputers……DNA Storage.

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ROLE IN OUR DAILY LIFE 1.Silver nanoparticle……Aquaguard, Socks. 2.LED ….Gallium nitride Nano+Yellow Phosphorus. 3.MRI………increase brightness of the image. 4.Carbon black…..paint, wear resistance

tyres,polish,hard disk,sunscreen lotions (titania). 5.Diagnosis of disease…..CdSe. 6.Damascus Sword…..nanotubes,nanowires.

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SOME SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENTS IN PHARMACEUTICALS

Development of one dose a day ciprofloxacin using nanotechnology.

Tumor targeted taxol delivery using nanoparticles in Phase 2 clinical trial stage.

Improved ophthalmic delivery formulation using smart hydrogel nanoparticles.

Oral insulin formulation using nanoparticles carriers. Liposomal based Amphotericin B formulation.

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FEW EXAMPLES FORDRUG DELIVERY CARRIERS

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KEY TOOLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Graphenes:- A Single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice graphite structure. (gas detection, IC)

7 million= 1mm, elephant

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KEY TOOLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT):- Cylindrical graphenes.(Entering nuclei of the cell to deliver drugs, TV Displays)

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KEY TOOLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Buckyballs:- Spherical fullerenes (any molecule entirely composed of Carbon)

Allotropes:- Two or more different physical forms in which an element can present.(diamond, graphite,charcoal)

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KEY TOOLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Scaffolds:- Artificial,3D, biodegradable, biocompatible, temporary structure. (Transplantation)

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GOLD NANOPARTICLE IN CANCER Diagnosis :- CdSe IV seep into tumor under

uv light cancer cell glows.

Cancer Treatment :- Gold nanoparticle + cancer cell Radiation Metal(gold) absorbs energy(heat)

Heat up cancer cell cancer cells are cooked inside the body, but healthy cells remain unaffected.

Another MOA:- Increased heat Increase hsp90 Up-regulation Increase anti-cancer activity. (By nanotube & nanofibers, peptide inserted into fibroblast)

Fibroblast secretes IF alpha

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GOLD NANOROD APPROACH

Gold nanorods coated with bombesin attach to GRP receptors and are taken into the cancer cell. NIR laser energy is absorbed by the gold and kills the cell with heat. Gold permits imaging of the process.

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Core Research Areas/ Team Leadership

FOUR R&D TEAMS

Bio Sensors

Drug Delivery Systems

Cellular Probes

Core Research Areas

Tissue Engineerin

g

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NANOMEDICINE FUTURE

For cancer, the very exciting promises that should be realized over the next 10 years are:

1. Presymptomatic blood diagnoses

2. Targeted Medicine (For breast & prostate Cancer)

“This new approach to medicine may help us to have healthy & virtual life style”

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