Post on 24-Dec-2015
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
SCATTERSPRAWLING CITIES AND TRANSPORT:
FROM EVALUATION TO RECOMMENDATIONS
SCATTER WORKSHOP
MILAN
OCTOBER 24th, 2003
Urban sprawl as experienced
in Helsinki
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
Urban sprawl as experienced in Helsinki
Urban growth, migration and structural change
Spatial / functional structure of Helsinki Metropolitan Area
Driving forces and identified impacts Policy measures and urban sprawl
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
URBAN GROWTH, MIGRATION
AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE
0 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
1960 1970 1980 1990 1998
Agriculture and forestry
Industry
Construction
Commerce, banks,insurance
Transport andcommunications
Services
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
Helsinki Metropolitan Area and Surroundings
Source: Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council
150 km
50 km
100 km
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
10 km
Shaping the spatial structure of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area in
the 1900s
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
Language barriers
• To safeguard the status of the minority languages in the municipality.
• Dispersal elsewhere or development of a compact capital region? Helsinki
SIPOO
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
Most important factors shaping Helsinki Metropolitan Area’s urban structure are:
• long term structural changes in the global and national economy• increase in the total population of the area• increase in household income• decrease in travel times due to the road network and public
transport services• housing market (housing prices lower in the periphery than in the
city core)• the availability of government subsidies for rural activities (tax
subsidies for commuting)• appeal of rural ambience and of low density settlements• language barriers• building law
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
Increased need of transport
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Rural
Very small cities
Small cities
Medium size cities
Helsinki Metropolitan Area
Surrounding areas of HMA
km/passenger/day
Car
Public
Walking, cycling
Plane, ferry
1 million inhabitants
250 000 inhabitants
100 000 inhabitants
30 000 inhabitants
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
Average trip length in Helsinki Metropolitan Area 1993 1999 (10,6 km) (12,3 km)
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
…or new construction within existing structure
D G R esearc hVirpi PastinenSCATTER WORKSHOP 24.10.2003
Identified policies against urban sprawl
• Consistency between urban planning and transport policies
• Pricing policies• Establishing urban development plans that limit
construction on undeveloped sites• Enforcing a housing policy that promotes the
construction of tightly-packed residential areas• Parking limitations in city centres• Reserved rights-of-way for public transport
vehiclesImpacts of these policies?