Videography

Video is the technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, and reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion.

Videography

The word combines "video" from Latin, meaning "I see" with the Greek terminal ending "graphy", meaning "to write".

The advent of digital imaging in the late 20th century began to blur the distinction between videography and cinematography.

videographer

A videographer may be the person actually operating the Video camera

Or he /she may be the person in charge of

the visual design of a production

TV Display Basics

The television lights up by thousands of tiny dots of phosphors with 3 high-energy beams of electrons.

In most systems, there are three phosphor colours -- red, green and blue -- which are evenly distributed on the screen.

By combining these colours in different proportions, the television can produce the entire colour spectrum.

Understanding TV Camera

Electronic Process

Television is an electronic process which convert light energy into electrical signals

Both TV & film operate by producing a series of rapidly changing still images, or Frames to represent motion of the screen.

Photoelectric Transducers

It translates or Convert Light (Photo) in to electrical impulses (electric)

Pickup Tubes and Charge-Coupled (CCD) are Transducers used in TV Camera

Pickup Tubes and Charge-Coupled (CCD)

Charged Coupled Device (CCD)

CCD is an integrated “chip” that replaces the pickup tubes in the Camera

1st Grid: convert light to electrical charges

2nd Grid: hold electrical charges pattern

3rd Grid: Amplifies charges

Charges pattern or video signal

TV Camera Pickup Tube

Interlace Scanning

Interlacing

In the PAL standard the odd (upper) field is drawn first and the even (lower) field second.

In the NTSC standard, the even (lower) field is drawn first and the odd (upper) field second opposite to PAL.

 World television systems

System Lines Frame Rate Usual Color

A 405 25 none

B 625 25 PAL

C 625 25 none

D 625 25 SECAM

E 819 25 none

F 819 25 none

G 625 25 PAL

H 625 25 PAL

I 625 25 PAL

J 525 30 NTSC

K 625 25 SECAM

K' 625 25 SECAM

L 625 25 SECAM

M 525 30 NTSC**

N 625 25 PAL

Cathode Rays Tube

TV Camera Types

Studio CameraENG CameraEFP CameraArial CameraUnder Water CameraSpying Camera

Studio Camera

Turret Camera

ENG Camera

Robotic Camera

Follow me Camera

EFP Camera

Steady Cam

Copters Camera

Gyro Camera

The Gyro Cam helicopter mount not only compensates for vibration, but can also be completely controlled (the pan, tilt, zoom, iris, etc.)

from within the helicopter.

Periscope Lens Camera

A "bug's eye" view of subject matter is possible with a periscope/probe system.

Tele Prompter Camera

Ultra High-Definition Formats

A camera made by DALSA that produces pictures with four times the resolution of the best HDTV cameras.

Television Camera

Panning : Horizontal Movement of Camera

PAN LEFT

PAN RIGHT

Tilting: Tilt Up

Tilt Down

Movement of the Camera Lens

Camera Movement

Dolly: Dolly in Dolly out

Truck: Truck left Truck right

Zoom: Zoom in

Zoom out

Camera Movement

Arc: To move the camera in semi circular path

Camera Movement

Pedestal / Crane:

Up

Down