VicTESOLProfessionalLearningEvent-Teaching Pronunciation:It’snevertooearly

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JackySpringallVicTESOLOnlineEvent2020

a.Iteachpronunciationincidentally..i.e.ifandwhenit’s

needed

b.IhaveaplanforpronunciationactivitiesthatI

deliveracrosstheterm

Overview of this session • Clarifyingaims• Aspectsofpronunciation•  Teachinggoals• Practicalactivities&ideas• Questions,ideas,discussion

What is the aim of teaching pronunciation ? IntelligibilityIntelligibility=whatweunderstand+howhardwehadtoworkSpeakerfactors:•  Pronunciation(e.g.sounds,stress,rhythm,intonation)anddelivery(e.g.hesitations,volume,speed)Hearerfactors:•  Experienceandexpertiseinunderstandingdifferentaccents,attitude,knowledgeoftopicetc.

Image:http://www.firealarmsonline.com/2016/12/voice-intelligibility-for-occupant-notification.html

Key aspects of pronunciation •  Sounds(vowels,consonants)•  Stress;syllablestressandwordstress• Rhythm&intonation• Phrasing/“chunking”•  Thingsthatoccurinfastnaturalspeech

•  Linking• Mergingofsounds• Droppingofsounds

Some key things speakers of English need to know and do •  WeusealotofbreathtomakemanysoundsinEnglish

•  Wordshavesyllablesanddifferentstresspatterns

•  Phraseshavestresspatterns:TheweakandstrongstressesofwordsgiveEnglishit’srhythm

•  Sentencestresscanbeusedtocreate/changemeaning

•  Weusepausinginspokentextsthatcorrespondstochunksofmeaning

•  Wordsarenotlikebricksinawallbutlinksinachain

•  Thefasterwespeaktheshorterwordscanbecome

•  Weusetonetoconveyemotionandmeaning

•  Thetechnicalterminologyfortalkingaboutpronunciatione.g.syllables,breath,stress,rhythm,voice,voweletc..

syllables & stress patterns

All words in English with 2 or more syllables have one syllable with stronger stress e.g window engineer intelligent

O o ooO oOoo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8VHzzBWmPQ

What makes a syllable stressed? •  louder, longer, full clear vowel, might have different pitch • Unstressed syllable: vowel usually shortened

Stress and rhythm One two three four Dah Dah Dah Dah

This is the house that Jack built Dah du du Dah du Dah Dah

These are the hou ses that Jac queline bought Dah du du Dah du du Dah du du Dah

How can we possibly fit this all in? Dah du du Dah du du Dah du du Dah

Stress dictation

a.  OO

b. OooOooOo

c. oOo

d. OooO

f. OOoO

h. OooOooOo

i.  OO

j. oOOo

k. ooOooOo

l. ooOoOoOo

Word stress and rhythm

Making it concrete…

• Who’sstrong?• Back-chaining•  Linking•  Schwa•  Substitution• Ontheoutbreath

Focus stress Ineversaidyoustolethemoney.1.WereyouinthebankonThursday?2.WereyouinthebankonThursday?3.WereyouinthebankonThursday?4.WereyouinthebankonThursday?5.WereyouinthebankonThursday?

a.  YesIwas.b.  No,onFridayc.  NoIwasinthepostofficed.  No,mybrotherwas.e.  No,Iwasoutside

Fast natural speech Thingsthatcanhappenwhenwetalkquickly….Soundsdisappear(elision)e.g

Idon’tknow………………………..Idon(t)knowJackandJill………………………….Jackan(d)JillShewantssomebutter………..Shewan(t)s(s)omebutter

Soundschange(assimilation)e.gWouldyou…………………………..wouldjaDoyou…………………………………dja

Vowelsshortene.gCupoftea…………………………..cuppateaLotofmoney………………………lottamoney

Tone: It’s almost time to finish surprised angry relieved happy disappointed

What we can do to assist learners •  Havesomeunderstandingtheindividualpronunciationproblemsofthelearner/learnergroup(e.g.sounds,wordstress,rhythmetc.)

•  Developasharedlanguagetotalkaboutpronunciation

•  Correctimportanterrors•  Teachstudentsthestresspatternofnewwordsandformulaicphrases

•  Makesurestudentsgetsometime‘atspeed”tobothlistentoandpracticenaturalspeech

•  Integratepronunciationintoteaching:systematicandincidental

Some resources •  Giveitago:Teachingpronunciationtoadults

LyndaYates&BethZielinski,AMEPResearchCentre2009•  RhymesandRhythm;ApoembasedcourseforEnglishpronunciation

MichaelVaughan-Rees,GarnetPublishing2010•  Clearlyspeaking.PronunciationinActionforteachers.

AnnBurnsandStephanieClaire,NCELTR2003•  LearnerEnglish;Ateachersguidetointerferenceandotherproblems

MichaelSwan&BernardSmith2ndEdition2011•  Soundspelling(classsetofA4picturechartsofphonemesandgraphemesandwallposters)LillianaHajnclandJackySpringall,AMES2007&SoundSpellingWorkbookJillWardleAMES2017

•  SingwithMeCarmelDavies&SharonDuff,UrbanLyrebirdsPress,2013

Questions, ideas, suggestions….

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mydigitalfc.com%2Ffc-weekend%2Fscreensavour-pssst&psig=AOvVaw0EMq9382U97k8bCGq1GuzW&ust=1583297421645000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCICC9NrA_ecCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAO