Vibration Standards Germany And Austria

4th World Conference on Explosives & Blasting Techniques, Vienna, 9th - 11th September 2007

ÖNORM S 9020Din 4150, 01 - 03

Workshop Vibration StandardsRolf R. Schillinger, CTO, BlastCom GmbH, Nördlingen, Vienna

Vibration Standards

Germany and Austria

ÖNORM S 9020Din 4150, 01 - 03

Contents:

Austrian Standard „ÖNORM S 9020“„ÖNORM S 9020“

German Standard „DIN 4150“„DIN 4150“

- Vibrations- Vibrations

- Prediction - Prediction

- Measurement- Measurement

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Austrian Standard

ÖNORM S 9020

“Building Vibrations”

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The Austrian standard ÖNORM S 9020, August 1986, Building Vibrations, blasting vibrations and comparable immissions of impulse shape, prescribes guidelines for measurement and placement of geophones station in buildings.

The standard is divided into four sections of assessment :

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figure 1: Ditance – charge - relation diagram

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The standard is concentrated on a distance – charge relation for 2 areas, which is to be calculated by the following 4 formulas:

Step 1 : Distance – Charge Relation

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D = shortest distance

L = maximum charge per delay

1) Distance more than 50 m

2) Distance between 15 m and 50 m

under normal conditions

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D = shortest distance

L = maximum charge per delay

3*) Distance more than 50 m

4*) Distance between 15 m and 50 m

under favourable conditions

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Step 2: Vibration Measurements

Measurements have to be on this side of building where vibrations are

induced.

Free-field measurements or measurements next to buildings are not

suitable. The measure-system must show a distort-free frequency of

2 - 250 Hz.

The decisive criteria of assessment is the resultant vector sum of the

peak particle velocity, vR,max .

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measuring point inside a building

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Evaluating Structure Classes

For an assessment on structures the vibration resultant vector sum will be placed into a standard classification table that concludes a building standard design of static stability.

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Step 3 and 4:

- seismic refraction supported vibration measurements -

experts must carry out determination of stresses.

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From the above as background in technical sight it can be noticed that the

ÖNORM S 9020, Building Vibrations, from 01. August 1986, was for a

long term a regulation corresponding to the „the rules of techniques“.

General goal of the ÖNORM S 9020 is the protection of buildings from

damage initiated by external short-time impulse-shape vibrations.

ÖNORM S 9020Din 4150, 01 - 03

The ÖNORM S 9020 prescribes that those vibration-measurements there

have to take place where the vibrations enter the building, by meaning on

foundation next to the building side where the immission enter.

Thereby the normative assessment value is the maximum resultant

vibration velocity (maximum vector sum vR,max).

However the influence of frequencies in the standard is considered in two

steps only (range until 50 m and range over 50 m).

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Including experiences of the last decades the Austrian standard can – in a simplified

investigation procedure of short-time vibration assessment – be used. But, latest

technical/medical discoveries regarding the annoyance of humans in buildings

during short-time vibrations are not objectively given.

Most of the other European countries use frequency-related

standards whose results are appropriately and accurately related to

tectonically requirements of disrupted underground.

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In the past years it was exposed by accepted (international) scientific and technical

discoveries, that not a vibration velocity based on the 3 single-components x, y und z

and its maximum resultant vibration velocity (maximum vector sum vR,max) has been

conclusively for an assessment, but the peak particle velocity (maximum value vi,max)

from one of the three single-components (x,y,z) on foundation must be observed.

Latest Stand of Techniques

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German Standard

„DIN 4150“

„Vibrations in Buildings“

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The EU regulations of the employee-protection is given at two different positions:

1. Guidelines in accordance with Art. 118a EEC-acts: Adjustment of the regulations and circumstances to the protections the safety and health from Employees at the job

2. Guidelines in accordance with Art. 100a EEC-acts: Elimination of trade-impediments with products , for example

(explosives) under observation of safety and health - protection at the

same time

background

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Efforts of the EU about uniform minimum - standards for the protection of employees and environment.

basic element:

„to evaluate the risks“

background

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The German Standard „DIN 4150, Vibrations in Buildings“

consists:

DIN 4150, Part 1, “Prediction of vibration parameters”, June 2001

DIN 4150, Part 2, “Effects on persons in buildings”, June 1999

DIN 4150, Part 3, “Effects on structures” February 1999

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Definition: Vibrations

Mechanical vibrations of solid bodies with potential damage or molestation effect.

Short-time vibration:

Are those of which number of occurrence is not sufficient causing material fatigue

which timing is not suited generating resonance at an affected building (facility).

DIN 4150

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Vibration Measurements

Measurements have to be on this side of building where vibrations are

induced.

Free-field measurements or measurements next to buildings are not

suitable.

The measure-system must show a distort-free frequency of

1 - 80 Hz or

1 – 315 Hz

The decisive criteria of assessment is the peak particle velocity, vi,max

DIN 4150

ÖNORM S 9020Din 4150, 01 - 03

„DIN 4150“

Part 1

" Prediction of Vibration Parameters "

June 2001

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Indications of

Vibration Prediction

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The prognosis is calculated by using the vibration number method.

For this two main rock types different empirical exponents are assigned regarding a general relation with the following determination:

Sedimentary Rock v = 969 . k . L 0,6 . R -1,5 (mm/s)

Crystalline Rock v = 206 . k . L 0,8 . R -1,3 (mm/s)

Thereby

L charge [ kg ]R distance [ m ]

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Sample

Sedimentary Rock

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sample 1:

QuarryRock: LimestoneExplosives: 75 kg per delayIgnition: 25 ms und 50 ms, delay 0 – 25, redundantDistance: 400 m Type of building: Dwelling, 3 stories

Applied equation for:

Sedimentary Rock: 969 x L0,6 x R-1,5

969 x 750,6 x 400-1,5

Expected peak particle veloity: vmax = 1,62 mm/s

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Sample

Cristalline Rock

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sample 2:

QuarryRock: GraniteExplosives: 75 kg per delay Ignition: 25 ms, delay 0 – 18, redundantDistance: 400 m Type of building: Dwelling, 2 stories

Applied equation for:

Crystalline Rock: 206 x L0,8 x R-1,3

206 x 750,8 x 400-1,3

Expected peak particle veloity: vmax = 2,7 mm/s

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For this two main rock types different empirical

exponents are assigned regarding a general relation

with the following difference:

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Table: Prognosis values for 75 kg

100 12,92 16,37150 7,03 9,66200 4,57 6,65250 3,27 4,97300 2,49 3,92350 1,97 3,21400 1,62 2,70450 1,35 2,32500 1,16 2,02550 1,00 1,78600 0,88 1,59650 0,78 1,44700 0,70 1,30750 0,63 1,19800 0,57 1,10850 0,52 1,01900 0,48 0,94950 0,44 0,88

1000 0,41 0,821050 0,38 0,771100 0,35 0,72

Crystalline RockSedimentary Rock

sample: 75 kg/400 m:

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different empirical relationsample: 75 kg/400 m:

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„DIN 4150“

Part 2

" Effects on persons in buildings "

June 1999

ÖNORM S 9020Din 4150, 01 - 03

Concerning environmental reasons Germany

standardized human's complaint levels under inclusion of

ISO 2631/DAD 1: Guide for the evaluation of human

exposure to vibration and shock in buildings.

Addendum 1: Acceptable magnitudes of vibration

ISO 2631/DAM 1: Guide for the evaluation of human

exposure to whole body vibration.

Amendment 1.

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Measurements

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Measuring Point

" Effects on persons in buildings "

June 1999

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KB measuring point inside a building

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In Germany it is common to use an equation, which gives blasters an idea of the structural related perception in regard to human beings.

Vibration effects will be assessed by a KBFmax value. It is calculated from peak particle velocity vi and its accompanied frequency.

The equation below is a must.

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maximum KB- value

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From a measured vibration value and an accompanied

frequency in buildings after DIN 4150-02 part 2, “Effects on

persons in buildings”, June 1999 a legally perception intensity

KBFmax will determine.

This KBFmax - value must be compared with the KBFmax –

guideline values (Ao)

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measurement

sample:

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Annoyance of Persons in Buildings

maximal weighted vibration strenght KB

vmax = measured peak particle velocity in mm/s

f = vibration frequency in Hz

f0 = reference frequency 5,6 Hz

KB = without dimension

sample:

ÖNORM S 9020Din 4150, 01 - 03

f frequency [Hz] = 25,6 Hz

f0 reference frequency 5,6 Hz

vmax measured peak particle velocity [mm/s] vmax = 7,24 mm/s

KB without dimension

KBFmax = KB x cF

cF = 0,6 (without resonance)

KBFmax = ~ 3

sample:

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Guideline Values

only 1 blast per day = 6 more than 3 blasts per day = 3few times per year 8 is allowed

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Definition: „Guideline Values”:

A fixed empirical value of which

considerably annoyance of human in

rooms (dwellings) does not occur.

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„DIN 4150“

Part 3

"Effects on structures "

February 1999

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experience of light damage

background

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Maximum Particle Velocitiy

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Peak Particle Velocityin

Relationship to Frequency

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„DIN 4150“

part 3

“Effects on structures"

Industrial buildings

dwellings

particular sensitive buildings

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measured value on foundation= 5,21 mm/s

Frequency = 39,5 Hz

sample:

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„DIN 4150“

part 3

“Effects on structures"

Industrial buildings

dwellings

particular sensitive buildings

sample:

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Guideline values for buildings

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Definition: „Guideline Values”:

A fixed empirical value of which damage on buildings (facilities) does not occur.

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Numerous vibration velocity measurements have provided the empirical

values given guidance on short time structural vibration evaluation.

They shall be based on the maximum value vi,max (maximum vibration

velocity of x, y or z axes) at the foundation.

Also x and y axes vibration of the uppermost floor provides significant

information for the evaluation.

„Guideline Values”

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Measuring Points

"Effects on structures "

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measuring direction inside a building

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step 1

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measuring direction inside a building (foundation)

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step 2

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measuring direction inside a building (uppermost floor)

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Measuring Point

"Effects on buried pipes "

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measuring point on buried pipes

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Guideline values for buried pipes

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Experience to date has shown that, provided the guideline values from table

below are observed, damage due to vibration in terms of a reduction in utility

values is unlikely to occur. If, however damage is found, it is to be assumed that

other causes are responsible for this damage.

Conclusion

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The three parts of the German Standard „DIN 4150, Vibrations in

Buildings“ must be seen and used as one unity.

By following the relatively strict standard it is known that under attention

of their definitions an increased fairness as well as for companies and

for the neighborhood is given.

Besides, it weighs in favor on judicial disputes, which might occur.

Conclusion

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Conclusion

significant parts from DIN 4150 “Vibrations in Buildings” are adopted to

Swiss Standard SN 640 312a

Austrian BGBl. I Nr. 113/2006

last but not least:

Also the standard or parts of it are applied e.g. in Croatia, Italy, Israel, Slovenia and USA (subway-construction New York) and some other countries.

ÖNORM S 9020Din 4150, 01 - 03

Good luck !

Glück auf !

Vibration Standards Germany And Austria

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