Post on 13-Jul-2016
description
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VB.NET
Programming........................................2
.NET FRAMEWORK ........................................... 3
CLR (Common Language Runtime)..........................................5
MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language)..................7
Common Language Specification..............................7
.NET Framework Class Library.................................................8
.NET Assemblies......................................................9
MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO ............................. 13
CREATING VISUAL BASIC.NET APPLICATION WITH
MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO ............................. 16
Page 1 of 29
Page 2 of 29
VB.Net Programming
B.Net (Visual Basic.Net) ,d Object Oreinted1,
Event Driven2 dEI;wVj izksxzkfeax Hkk"kk
gS] tks .Net Framework ds lkFk dk;Z djrs gq;s
applications tSls forms, presentation foundation, class
libraries and console-based applications cukus ds fy;s
,d dynamic interface3 iznku djrh gSA VB.Net Hkk"kk
dks pykus ds fy;s .Net Framework ;qDr Developer
Tool dks iz;qDr djuk gh mfpr gSA bl gsrq ge
Microsoft ds IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) ;qDr Microsoft Visual Studio dk mi;ksx djrs
gSaA
V
VB.Net fofHkUu QhplZ j[krk gS tSls%
1 Object oriented: Those languages, which use objects like textbox, label etc for creating applications instead of commands.2 Event driven : Those languages, which attach any action like mouseover, click or key pressing with their object to trigger any event.3 Dynamic interface can modify its objects without reopening application or webpage.
Page 3 of 29
» Inheritance
» Parameterized Class Constructors
» Function Overloading
» Multi-Threading
» Structured Error Handling
» Creating NT Services
» VB.NET not backward compatible with VB6.
VB.Net ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls tkuus ls igys ge dqN
egRoiw.kZ fcanqvkas ij tkudkjh izkIr djrs gSaA
.Net Framework
Microsoft Visual Studio
.Net Framework
.Net Framework ekbØkslkW¶V ds vuqlkj ,d u;k
dEI;wfVax IysVQkWeZ gSA bl IysVQkWeZ us mPp
Lrj ds fMfLVªC;wVsM okrkoj.k esa cgqr gh ljyrk Page 4 of 29
ls ,Iyhds'ku cukus dh lqfo/kk iznku dh gSA ;g
IysVQkWeZ izksxzkejkas dks ,slh lqfo/kk;as
miyC/k djkrk gS] ftlesa midj.k vkSj nwljs flLVe dh
ckm.Mªht lekIr gks tkrh gSaA bldh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡
fuEu gSa%
» CLR (Common Language Runtime)
» MSIL
» below
» Windows Form
» Web Services
» Cross Language Interoperability4
.Net framework fofHkUu izdkj dh ,sIyhds'kUl
tSls Windows Applications, Mobile Apps, Web Apps,
Components, XML Web Services5 vkfn cukus ds fy;s
loksZRre IysVQkeZ gSA
4 Cross Language Interoperability: Inherit another language's coding in an application with one language.5 XML Web Services : .Net Framework avails creating XML Schema Definitions for databases.
Page 5 of 29
.Net Platform, Language Neutral gksus dk nkok
djrk gSA .Net Environment CLR vkSj ykbczsfj;kas ds
lsV ds vklikl gh dsafnzr jgrk gSA CLR ds vuq:i
Hkk"kk vius dksMkas dks vius ewy dksMkas dh
ctk; baVjehfM,V Hkk"kk esa rS;kj djrh gS vkSj
fQj ;g baVjehfM,V Hkk"kk (MSIL) bu dksMksa dks
Native Machine Code esa cny nsrh gSA
VB.Net dk mi;ksx djrs le; vki fdlh Hkh nwljh
izksxzkfeax Hkk"kk ds dksM blesa fcuk fdlh fnDdr
ds 'kkfey dj ldrs gSa] D;kasfd ;s lHkh .Net Object
gSa] vkSj vkil esa ,d nwljs ls tqM+s gSaA ,slk
blfy;s laHko gks ikrk gS] D;kasfd VB.Net vius
Native Code ds ctk; igys MSIL ls tqM+rk gS] vkSj
fQj Native Code lsA bu Intermediate Codes dks
Managed Codes dgk tkrk gSA
Page 6 of 29
.Net Framework SDK ds ,d fgLls ds :i esa
command-line compiler, VBC.EXE Hkh install gksrk
gSA
.Net Framework ds nks eq[; components
gSa%
1. CLR
2..Net Framework Class Library
CLR (Common Language
Runtime)
tSlk fd uke ls Li"V gS] CLR ,d ,slk ek/;e iznku djrk
gS] tks fd lHkh .Net Languages ds fy;s common gSA
CLR gh application ds execution vkSj dbZ dk;Z tSls
memory management, system resources dks access
djus] security services vkfn ds fy;s ftEesnkj gSA bl
izdkj dh O;oLFkk fofHkUu Win32 izksxzkfeax
Hkk"kkvkas ds chp dk varjky [kRe dj nsrh gS] Page 7 of 29
D;kasfd lHkh .Net Languages dh ,d lh gh laHkkouk,
¡ gksrh gSaA blds vykok Common Language
Runtime, applications dks ,d managed environment
ds vanj run gksuk nsrk gSA .Net esa cukbZ xbZ
executabls dks CLR vyx ls invoke djus ds ctk; Lo;a
gh invoke djrk gSA
CLR Architecture
CLR ds 3 eq[; vax gSa%
1. Common Type System
2. MSIL
3. Managed Apps
blds lkFk gh fofHkUu vU; dEiksusUV~l feydj CLR
dks dk;Z;ksX; cukrs gSaA
Page 8 of 29
fuEu xq.kkas ls ;qDr gksus ds dkj.k CLR izeq[k
gS%
a. Running code eSust djuk
a.Type Safety6 verify djrk gSA
b.Garbage Collection7 o error handling dh
lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA
6 Type Safety: One language should not cross with other language's data type.7 Garbage Collection: Extra codes that are not going to execute on CPU.
Page 9 of 29
Figure 1. CLR Structure
c.Semi-trusted code ds fy;s code access eas
lqj{kk iznku djrk gSA
b. Common Type System8 dh lqfo/kk
a. Value Types (interger, float, user defined,
etc)
b. Objects, Interfaces
c. System Resources ij access iznku djukA
a. Native API, COM interop, etc.
MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate
Language)
MSIL vFkkZr~ Microsoft Intermediate Language ,d
high-level assembly programming language gS] tks fd
object-oriented gS o CPU independent set of
instructions provide djrh gS u fd CPU-dependent sets
of instructions dks ykxw djus okyh executables
8 Common Type System: .Net framework languages share same data types.Page 10 of 29
cukrh gSA MSIL bl izdkj dh ,d dkWeu Hkk"kk gS fd
,d ls izksxzkfeax VkLDl vyx vyx Hkk"kkvksa ls
fy[kus ij Hkh ,d tSlk IL code iznku djrs gSaA
Metadata, code esa ykxw fd;s x;s types ls tqM+k
set of information gSA bl izdkj dh tkudkjh
signatures, functions o procedures, members in types,
and members in externally referenced types j[k ldrh
gSA Metadata dk mÌs'; code dks .Net Framework dks
describe djuk gSA
Common Language Specification
CLS ,d fu;ekas dk set gS] tks mu features dks
specify djrk gS] tks lHkh Hkk"kkvkas ds fy;s
support djus pkfg;sA bldk eq[; mÌs'; .NET
framework dks multiple languages support djus nsuk
gSA CLS, ,sls features vkSj usage conventions ftuds
Åij fuHkZj fd;k tk ldrk gS ds ckjs esa] Language Page 11 of 29
designers vkSj Dykl ykbczsjh ds e/; le>kSrk ,d
agreement gSA tSls fd public names dks case ij
fuHkZj ugha djuk pkfg;s] D;aksfd dbZ Hkk"kk,¡
case sensitive ugha gksrhA bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS
fd CLR ds Åij lHkh Hkk"kk,¡ case sensitive ugha
gSaA
.NET Framework Class Library
Class Library, .Net Framework dk ,d egRoiw.kZ
dEiksusaV gSA blesa ,sls iwoZ fu/kkZfjr classes dk
lewg gksrk gS] ftudk iz;ksx dkWeu fØ;kdykikas
ds fy;s izR;sd LFkku ij fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl Class
Library dh otg ls MsoyilZ dks dbZ dslkas eas cgqr
lqfo/kk gksrh gSA bu classes dks fofHkUu dk;ksZa
ds fy;s bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA .Net Framework eas
Class Library, Namespace, Object Groups esa vjsat
Page 12 of 29
gksrh gS] rkfd ,d tSls QaD'ku dj ldsaA Namespace
ds varxZr structures, delegates, interfaces Hkh
lekfgr gksrs gSaA .Net Framework Class Library esa
yxHkx 100 Namespace gksrs gSaA
.Net Framework dh ykbczsjh cgqr gh foLr`r
vkSj self describing gSA ;g 2500 ls Hkh vf/kd
classes j[krk gSA ;g ykbczsjh form-oriented gksrh
gSA ;g Windows GUI-based9 client applications dks
vklkuh ls cukus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrh gSA Standard
GUI components tSls buttons, textboxes, menus,
scrollbars, etc. vkfn event handling ds lkFk QkWeZ
esa Mkys tk ldrs gSaA blds eq[; components,
• Base Class: Networking, security, I/O, files, etc. • Data
and XML Classes
•Web Services/UI •Windows UI
gSA
9 GUI Based : Graphical User Interface basedPage 13 of 29
.NET Assemblies
tc .Net, Codes dks ;wfuV esa xzqi djrh gS] rks
bls Assemblies dgk tkrk gSA Assembly esa ,d flaxy
Qkby gksrh gS] ;k dEiksusaV gksrs gS] tks eYVhiy
Qkbykas esa fMLVªhC;wV gksrs gSaA bu leLr
dslkas esa ,d Q kby assembly manifest dh gksrh
gS] tks self-describing gksrh gSA
ClassicWin32 development environments esa tSls fd
VB6, Visual C++ ] lkWlZ dksMZ dks dEikbylZ }kjk
parse fd;k tkrk gS] tks fd binary executable files
cukrs gSa] tks fd rqjar baVjizsV djds vkWijsfVax
flLVe }kjk ju dh tk ldrh gSA okLro esa VB6 vkSj
C++ ds lkFk cukbZ xbZ win32 apps runtime dk
mi;ksx djrh gSaA ijarq ;fn vkids ikl fofHkUu
izksxzkfeax Hkk"kkvkas ds lkFk cukbZ Page 14 of 29
xbZ ,sIyhds'ku gS] rc vkidks muds fy;s fuf'pr
runtimes dks baLVkWy djuk gksxkA .Net
development esa pkgs fdlh Hkh .Net Language ds
lkFk vki ,Iyhds'ku cuk;s] compilers }kjk ,d vlsEcyh
cukbZ tkrh gS] tks fd ,d .Net executable code gksrh
gS] vkSj vko';d :i ls MSIL code vkSj metadata
ds }kjk compose dh tkrh gSA
bl izdkj lHkh .Net framework ds dEiksusUV~l feydj
fuEu izfØ;k ds QyLo:i ,sIyhds'ku dks ju djrs gSa%
1-fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk esa cuk;h x;s ,sIyhds'ku ds
dksM dks ml Hkk"kk ds gh dEikykbj }kjk CTS
(Common Type System) ds nk;js esa jgrs gq;s
assembly IL code (MSIL) esa dEikby djrk gSA bu
dksM~l dks managed codes dgrs gSaA vfrfjDr
unmanaged code lh/ks Operating system ij
execute gksrs gSa rFkk Managed Code CLR ij Page 15 of 29
execution ds fy;s Hkstk tkrk gSA CLR, execution
ds le; vko';d lHkh fjlkslsZl o Dyklsl dh ,Dlsl
iznku djrk gSA dksM dks Just-In-Time
Compiler }kjk Native code esa compile fd;k tkrk
gSA ;g dksM OS dks Hkstk tkrk gSA
Li"V gS fd .Net framework Language o CPU
Independent gSA D;kasfd lHkh language ds
dEikbyj MSIL vFkkZr~ ,d gh Hkk"kk esa compile
Page 16 of 29
Figure 2. How .Net Framework works with codes using its components (executing and running codes)
djrs gSa] ftlls code gj Hkk"kk ds fy;s ogh jgrk gSA
lkFk gh CLR }kjk dEikby dksM native code esa
compile gksrk gS] tks fd operating system dks CPU
independent instructions set nsrk gSA ;s instruction
set CPU }kjk execute fd;s tkrs gSaA
Page 17 of 29
Microsoft Visual Studio
VB.Net ds lkFk ,Iyhds'kUl cukus ds fy;s vf/kdrj
MS Visual Studio dk gh iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl
izksQs'kuy MsoyiesaV Vwy eas ,Iyhds'kUl dks
fMtkbu djus ds fy;s VwYl dk lewg gksrk gS] vkSj
lkFk gh fMcfxax ds fy;s Hkh VwYl lekfgr gksrs
gSaA
bu VwYl esa d`f=e cqf)erk dk lekos'k gksrk
gS] ftlls vusd xyfr;k¡ vius vki gh lekIr gks tkrh
gSaaA dksM Vkbi djrs le; lts'ku Hkh lkeus vkrs
gSaA VS (Visual Studio) esa vusd ,sls VwYl
vkSj ,M&vkWu gksrs gSa] ftudh lgk;rk ls vki
lkW¶Vos;j dh tk¡p cM+h ljyrk ls dj ldrs gSaA
VS dh esu LØhu fp=kuqlkj fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
Page 18 of 29
Tabs Bar
Standard Toolbar
Solution Explorer
Toolbox
Menu Bar
xsd
Page 19 of 29
Figure 5. .Net Framework and Visual Studio.Net
Creating Visual Basic.Net
Application with Microsoft
Visual Studio
VB.net dks testify djus ds fy;s Microsoft Visual
Studio 2008 Professional Edition o Microsoft .NET
Framework Version 3.5 SP1 dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
Visual Studio esa izkstsDV 'kq: djus ds fy;s File
Menu ds New->project ij tk;saA
Project Type esa Windows ij fDyd djasA Templates
esa Windows Forms Application dk p;u djasA
okafNr Name, Location o Solution Name Hkjas o OK ij
fDyd djsaA
vc Form 1 uke ls ,d QkWeZ lkeus vk tk;sxkA
Page 20 of 29
Solution explorer esa windowsformapplication1 (In this
project Calculator) ds Åij right fDyd djds properties
option ij fDyd djus ij fofHkUu properties eksfMQkbZ
dj ldrs gSaA
Page 21 of 29
Properties dk n`'; bl izdkj gksrk gS%
Form 1 esa VwyckWDl dk mi;ksx djds textbox insert
djrs gSa] mls properties }kjk uke (LCD) nsrs gSaA
VwyckWDl dk mi;ksx djds buttons bulVZ djrs gSaA
Page 22 of 29
fdlh Hkh daVªksy ds Åij double click djds Backhand
Codings dh tk ldrh gSaA bl izkstsDV esa form 1 ds
daVªksYl ds Åij dh xbZ gSa] os gSa%
Public Class Calculator Dim FirstNumber As Double Dim temp As Double Dim Operation As String Dim Result As Double
Private Sub aboutform()
End Sub Private Sub bequal_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles bequal.Click Dim SecondNumber As Long
SecondNumber = LCD.Text If Operation = "+" Then Result = FirstNumber + SecondNumber ElseIf Operation = "-" Then Result = FirstNumber - SecondNumber ElseIf Operation = "*" Then Result = FirstNumber * SecondNumber ElseIf Operation = "/" Then Result = FirstNumber / SecondNumber
End If FirstNumber = Result LCD.Text = Result End Sub
Private Sub n1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n1.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "1" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "1" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "1" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "1" End If End Sub Private Sub n2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n2.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "2" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "2" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "2" Else
Page 23 of 29
LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "2" End If End Sub Private Sub n3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n3.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "3" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "3" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "3" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "3" End If End Sub Private Sub n4_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n4.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "4" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "4" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "4" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "4" End If End Sub Private Sub n5_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n5.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "5" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "5" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "5" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "5" End If End Sub Private Sub n6_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n6.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "6" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "6" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "6" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "6" End If End Sub Private Sub n7_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n7.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "7" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "7" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "7" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "7"
Page 24 of 29
End If End Sub Private Sub n8_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n8.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "8" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "8" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "8" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "8" End If End Sub Private Sub n9_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n9.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "9" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "9" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "9" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "9" End If End Sub Private Sub n0_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles n0.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "0" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "0" ElseIf LCD.Text = result Then LCD.Text = "0" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "0" End If End Sub Private Sub bc_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles bc.Click If LCD.Text = "0" Then LCD.Text = "0" ElseIf LCD.Text = temp Then LCD.Text = "0" Else LCD.Text = LCD.Text & "00" End If End Sub Private Sub bac_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles bac.Click LCD.Text = "0" End Sub Private Sub badd_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles badd.Click FirstNumber = LCD.Text temp = FirstNumber Operation = "+" End Sub Private Sub bsub_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles bsub.Click FirstNumber = LCD.Text
Page 25 of 29
temp = FirstNumber Operation = "-" End Sub Private Sub bmult_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles bmult.Click FirstNumber = LCD.Text temp = FirstNumber Operation = "*" End Sub Private Sub bdiv_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles bdiv.Click FirstNumber = LCD.Text temp = FirstNumber Operation = "/" End Sub
Private Sub Calculator_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
End Sub
Private Sub babout_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles babout.Click AboutBox1.Show() End SubEnd Class
bu lHkh steps dks iw.kZ djds] ,d u;k QkWeZ
aboutbox1 cukrs gSaA blds fy;s s project > Add
windows form esa tkrs gSaA Common Items esa
about box dks flysDV djrs gSaA
vc mldh fofHkUu properties igys gh fn;s gq;s rjhds
ls edit djrs gSaA
Page 26 of 29
u;s QkWeZ dk n`';%
,d vU; QkWeZ splansh screen Hkh cukrs gSa] ftldh
properties cnyrs gSa vkSj bl izdkj (complete fd;k
gqvk) fn[krk gSA ;g bl izdkj cuk;k x;k gS fd 5
lsds.M ckn Lo;a dh gV tkrk gS ,oa form 1
(calculator) iznf'kZr djrk gSA
bl izdkj iw.kZ fd;k x;k izkstsDV fuEu LØhUl j[krk
gS%Page 27 of 29
1. Splash Screen
2. Form1 (Name : Calculator)
3.
4. Aboutbox1 (Name : About Calculator)
5.
Page 28 of 29
bl izdkj gekjk izkstsDV calculator iw.kZ gqvkA bls
build o publish dj bldk installation setup Hkh cuk;k
tk ldrk gSA blds fy;s build > Publish ij tk;asA
Page 29 of 29