Post on 22-Feb-2016
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Vascular Seeded Plants
What is a Seed Plant?• 1. Characteristics of seed plants:–Have Vascular Tissue–Use pollen and seeds to reproduce
What is a Seed Plant?• 2. In seed plants, the
plants that you see are in the sporophyte stage of the life cycle. The gametophyte stage is microscopic.
What is a Seed Plant?• 3. How does vascular
tissue help seed plants on land?• Standing upright• Transporting
materials
4. Vascular TissueA. Phloem
• Transports food
B. Xylem• Transports water
Seed Plant• 5. Seed plants use pollen to
transport the sperm cells.• 6. Pollen: Tiny structures that
contain the cells that will later become sperm cells.
Transporting Pollen
Seed Plant• 7. Seeds: Structure that contains a
young plant inside a protective covering. –Protection from drying out
• 8. All seeds…–Contains a partially developed
plant–When conditions favorable, plant
sprouts and grows
Seed Plant Parts of a Seed
Seed Part Function
EmbryoYoung plant that develops from a
fertilized egg
Cotyledon A seed lead that sometimes stores food
Seed Coat Keeps the seed from drying out
Parts of a Seed
Seed Dispersal• 10. Seeds can be dispersed by:–Other organisms–Water–Wind–Ejection
Germination• 11. Germination: Occurs
when an embryo begins to grow and pushes
out of a seed.• 12. Once you see a
plant’s leaves, it’s called a seedling.
Roots• 13. Function of roots:– Anchors plant– Absorb water and minerals– Stores food
• 14. Two types:– Tap– Fibrous
Fibrous
Taproot
Stems• 17. Functions of stem:–Carries substances
between the plants’ root and leaves–Provides support–Holds up leaves
18. Stem• Woody Stem–Hard–Rigid– Example: Maple
tree
• Herbaceous Stem–Contain no wood–Often soft– Example: Cone
Flower
Stems• 19. Annual Rings:–Pattern of circles inside
a tree’s trunk –Made up a xylem–Represent a years
growth
Leaves• 22. Leaves capture the sun’s energy and
carry out the food-making process of photosynthesis.
Leaves• 24. The process by which water
evaporates from a plant’s leaves is called transpiration.• 25. Plants close their stomata to
keep the plant from losing water. TRUE!!!
Stomata
GymnospermsThe OLDEST PLants
Gymnosperms• 26. A seed plant that produces naked
seed.–Not covered in a fruit–Instead they have needle-like or scale-
like leaves
Gymnosperms• 28. All gymnosperms:–Need-like or scale-like leaves–Deep growing root systems
Gymnosperms• 29. Four groups of gymnosperms that
exist today:• 1. Cycads (palm tree with cones)• 2. Conifers (evergreens)• 3. Ginkgoes (Japanese and Chinese
tree)• 4. Gnetophytes (deserts and tropical
rainforests)
Reproduction in Gymnosperms
• 31. Most gymnosperms have reproductive structures called cones.
• 32. Reproductive structures:–Male gametophyte:
Pollen–Female gametophyte:
Ovule
Reproduction in Gymnosperms• 34. Life Cycle:
• Pollination: Transfer of pollen from male to female• Fertilization: Sperm fertilizes egg• Seed Development: Female cones develop
while seeds develop on tree. Male cones fall off after they shed theirs.• Seed Dispersal: Seeds move to a new place
to grow
Angiosperms
• 35. All angiosperms:–Produce flowers–Produce seeds that are
covered in fruit
• 36. Flower: The reproductive structure an of angiosperm
Parts of a Flower
39. Reproduction in Angiosperms• 1. Pollen falls on a flower’s stigma• 2. Sperm cell and egg cell join together in
ovule• 3. Zygote develops and becomes the seed
42. Groups of Angiosperms
• Monocots• Dicots
• Based on:–Number of Petals–Veins in leaves
Monocot
Dicot
• 43. “COT” is short for cotyledon (seed leaf)
• 44. “MONO” means one• 45.”DI” means two
MONOCOT vs DICOT
Seasonal Changes• Phototropism:– 50. A plant’s response to seasonal changes in
length of night and day is called photoperiodism.– 51. Plants differ in how they respond to the length
of nights. This length is called critical length.
– TROPISM: A plants response towards or away from a stimulus.
Tropism
Types of PlantsPlant Type Description Example
Short-day Plant When nights are longer than a critical length
Poinsettias
Long-day Plant When nights are shorter than a critical length
Iris
Day-neutral Plant
Flowering cycle not sensitive to period of light
and dark
Dandelions
Dormancy• 53. Dormancy is a period when an
organism’s growth or activity stops.–Helps survive freezing temperatures–Helps survive a lack of liquid water
Life Spans of Angiosperms• 54. Classified on the length of their life cycles.• 55. Life Spans:– Annuals: Complete a life cycle within one growing
year (Impatiens and cucumbers)– Biennials: Complete life cycle in 2 years (Celery
and foxgloves)– Perennials: Live for more than 2
years (Maple trees and peonies)