Post on 01-Jan-2022
Variab le Renewable EnergySources
Gerfried JUNGMEIERJOANNEUM RESEARCH
Innovations in Life Cycle Management Toward Climate
Friendly Lifetstyles
Necessary Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Source: IPCC 2018
Observed and ModelledGlobal Temperature Change Paris Target
The FOUR Factors Influencing GreenhouseGas Emissions
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐
= ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐
โ ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐บ๐บ๐๐๐๐๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐๐
โ ๐บ๐บ๐๐๐๐๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐๐๐ท๐ท
โ ๐๐
FutureEnergy System
Source: based on โIPAT-Formelโ of A. & P. Ehrlich
1)Emission
factor(e.g. renewableenergy)
2)Energy-
efficiency
3) services
perperson
4)number
ofpeople
Lifestyle
Characteristics of Future Energy Systems
Energy service
Renewableenergy Other factorsTrade off
Renewable Energy Sources:โข PV: high variableโข Wind: medium variableโข Hydro: low variableโข Biomass: storage
Environmental Assessment only Possible Based onLife Cycle (LCA)
โThere is international consensus that the environmental effects of
producst and services can only be analyzed on the basis of
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) including the production, operation
and the end of life treatmentโ
โLife Cycle Assessment (LCA)
is a method to estimatethe material and energy flows of a product (e.g. transportation service)
to analyseenvironmental effects over the entire life time
of the product โfrom cradle to graveโ
GHG Emissions of Austrian Lifestyle
4 kg CO2-eq.
10 โฌ
20 vehicle-km
ExampleCarbon Footprint of Food Basket
Consumption Based GHG Emissions of theAustrians
13 - 15 t CO2-eq/(cap * a)50% abroad + 50% Austria
Cumulating Effects over Lifetime
Cum
ulat
eden
viro
nmen
tal e
ffect
se.
g. G
HG-e
mis
sion
s
Time
Operation
Prod
uctio
n
Dis
man
tling
Energy System B
B
Energy System C C
Energy System A
A
Possible environmental effects:โข Climate change (kg CO2 eq)โข Ionizing radiations (kg U235 eq)โข Resource depletion water (kg water eq)โข Mineral, fossil & renewable resource depletion (kt, GJ)โข Land use (kg C deficit; ha)โข Photochemical ozone formation (kg NMVOC eq)โข Terrestrial eutrophication (molc N eq)โข Freshwater eutrophication (kg P eq)โข Marine eutrophication (kg N eq)โข Ozone depletion (kg CFC-11 eq)โข Human toxicity- cancer effect (CTUh)โข Human toxicity- non cancer effect (CTUh)โข Acidification (mol H+ eq)โข Particulate matter (kg PM2.5 eq)โข Freshwater Ecotoxicity (CTUe)
(Variable) Renewable Energy SourcesInnovations in Life Cycle Management
โข Variable power supplyby PV and wind: inclusion of storagesystems to meet demand
โข Bioenergy: time effects of CO2-fixation โ C-storage โ CO2-emissionsโข End of Life management: Reuse and recycling of
materials/components e.g. rare earth metals e.g. Ni, Coโข Strategies to reach and assure Climate neutrality of renewable
energy sources in whole life cycle to reach Paris targets
Definitionโข A product/service is โclimate neutralโ,
if in the total lifecycle no greenhouse gas emissions (in CO2-eq.: CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, FCKW, etc.) occur
โข ..and/or the remaining greenhouse gas emissions are compensated by activities/measures in other areas permanently
โข โฆin which the timeline of greenhouse gas emissions must be taken into account (timing of GHG emissions)
Ways for Realizationโข Climate friendly consumption of
products/services of high qualityโข Increasing material & energy efficiencyโข Substitution of fossil by renewable energyโข Reduction of direct agricultural CH4- &
N2O emissionsโข Permanent CO2-storage
โ CCS: Carbon Capture and Storageโ CCU: Carbon Capture and Utilizationโ Additional C-storage in biomass, soils
and products: guarantee durability!
Climate Neutrality
Climate Friendly Lifestyles11
The โParis Lifestyleโ is an innovative and satisfying โLow Carbon Lifestyleโ characterized by having very
low greenhouse gas emissions contributing to the Paris Agreement of limiting global warming to below
2ยฐC. The Paris Lifestyle creates new economic opportunities and challenges by stimulating an
increasing demand for low/zero Carbon products and services.
โฆโฆ..towards Low Carbon Lifestyle = โParis-Lifestyleยฉโ