Post on 14-Jan-2016
description
Value Stream Mapping
Ali Raza Anjum Shabir Naqvi Rafay Fazal Immad Azim Waqar Khalid Hunnain Asma Paracha
What is a Value Stream?
A Value Stream is the set of all the specific actions required to bring a specific product through the three critical management tasks of any
business: problem solving, information management, physical transformation (Womack & Jones).
Value stream mapping is a lean-management method for analyzing the current state and designing a future state for the series of events that take a product or service from its beginning through to the customer.
At Toyota, it is known as "material and information flow mapping" It can be applied to nearly any value chain (Wikipedia).
As per Six Sigma a value stream mapping is a lean enterprise technique used to document, analyze and improve the flow of information or materials required to produce a product or service for a customer. Value stream mapping is hard work because it requires looking at a process as if every step is non-value-added and is costing the organization time and resources. The Five Whys is an easy way to root out as many non-value-added steps as possible.
As per R. Keith Mobley, Principal, Life Cycle Engineering, Value stream mapping is a visual means to depict and improve the flow of manufacturing and production process, as well as the information that controls the flow of materials through the process.
value stream mapping as the fundamental tool to identify waste, reduce process cycle times, and implement process improvement.
When To Use Value Stream Maps?
for identifying the inherent waste and losses within an operation.
Use Value Stream Mapping for high-production
, low-variety product mixes with few components and sub-assembliesand dedicated equipment.
Using the Method
Planning and Preparation. Identify the target product family or service. Create a charter, define the problem, set the goals and objectives, and select the mapping team. Socialize the charter with the leadership team. Draw while on the shop floor a current state value stream map, which
shows the current steps, delays, and information flows required to deliver the target product or service. This may be a production flow (raw materials to consumer) or a design flow (concept to launch). There are 'standard' symbols for representing supply chain entities. Assess the current state value stream map in terms of creating flow by
eliminating waste. Draw a future state value stream map. Work toward the future state condition.
Seven Tools of VSM
Supply Chain Response Matrix
Process Activity Mapping
Production Variety Funnel
Quality Filter Mapping
Demand Amplification Mapping
Decision Point Analysis
Physical Structure
Supply Chain Responsiveness Matrix
It is a tool that is used to analyze inventory and lead time within an organization. The matrix is one of a number of Value Stream Mapping tools. The matrix is represented by showing lead time along the X-Axis and inventory along the y axis. The result shows where slow moving stock resides.
Supply Chain Response Matrix
Value Stream MappingProcess Activity Mapping
What is Process Activity Mapping
A method for depicting process / Information Flow Logical presentation of business Process
Identify Key steps and stake holders (who does what) Identify value adding and non value adding activities Improve the process
When we should use it
To Gain clarity of the process Who does what over what time
To understand current situation of the process Identify time constraints and other constraints Current turnaround times
If you want to move from current business process to futuristic process flow If any improvement required or not Value adding components vs non value adding
components.
Step 1 (All stakeholders on board)
Identify all the stake holders involved in process.
A team consisting of all the stakeholders
Few experienced facilitators/neutral people would be a plus
Step 2 (Awareness of the process mapping symbols )
Everyone in team should be aware of differentsymbols involved in process mapping
Option: sticky notes to get the symbol shapes
Step 3 (Key players and process)
Identify Key players.
Write them individually and place them on left of process map.
Step 4 (Concuss for start and end point)
Identify start and End Point.
Consensus between all stakeholders.
Step 5 (Enrich the process details)
Identify all the steps and stakeholders involvedbetween start and end point.
Use a time scale as well to gauge turnaround time.
Step 6 (Identify Waste)
Identify steps Value adding steps Non value adding steps
Step 7 (Future State)
Remove non value adding stepsbetween start and end point.
Create a future state
Step 8 (Implement Plan)
Implement Plan.
See the results.
It is part of the Value Stream Mapping toolkit and is used to analyzeprocesses/functions with respect to Quality.
The results of a Quality Filter Map shows how much waste is being generatedwithin an organization at each stage of the process.
Three types of Quality are measured as part of the model:Product Quality Defective Item provided to customerDefect Quality Defective item found prior to receipt by customerService Quality Defects that affect the ability of the supplier to providethe service or product to the customer
Quality failures/defects are represented as a ratio (typically parts per million)Results of Quality Filter Mapping are commonly used to feed into continuousimprovement plans.A revised map is then generated after implementation of improvement plansto measure the result of improvements.
QUALITY FILTER MAPPING
Product Variety Funnel
Illustrates how company/supply chain
operates.
Complexity to be managed.
Where to target inventory reduction.
Making changes to processing of products.
Gain overview of company/supply chain.
Product Variety Funnel
Demand Amplification Mapping
How demand changes along supply chain.
Decisions and analysis can be carried out using this info.
Manage fluctuations
Redesign value stream
Reduce fluctuation.
Demand Amplification Mapping
Decision Point Analysis
Decision point point where actual demand
pull gives way to forecast driven push.
Where products stop being made according to actual demand and are made against forecast only.
This tool shows where this point is.
Decision Point Analysis
We need to know where this point is for two
reasons:
1. Knowing where this is, it is possible to assess
processes operating downstream and upstream
from this point. Making sure they are working to the same push/pull philosophy.
2. Long-term, various scenarios to view operation of the value stream if the point is moved can be carried out.
Decision Point Analysis
Physical Structure
Understand how the industry operates.
Shows supply chain a industry level.
Brings attention to areas that may not receive sufficient developmental attention.
Physical Structure
Various tiers both in supplier and distribution area, with assembler as middle point.
Depicts number of organizations involved area of each part is proportional to how many organizations are in it.
Volume Structure
Similar to volume structure.
Area of diagram is directly linked to value-adding process (cost-adding process).
Makes it possible to analyze value adding required in final product as its sold.
Cost Structure
Data from all of the tools can be integrated.
Different tools highlight differing issues.
Therefore more accurate key priorities are highlighted
E.g. if supply chain response was used individually, its supplier lead time would be identified. However, when data from quality filter mapping is added, on time delivery would be identified.
Conclusion
Goldratts Theory of Constraints has been
seen as having a conflicting approach to lean.
Conclusion
TOC identifies potential improvements that
will make a big difference.
TOC identifies the constraints that Lean can
then target for waste reduction provides
focus.
Synergies Between TOC and Lean
Lean has useful tools and philosophy and its
techniques enable understanding of the system
and its dependencies clearly.
TOC helps to identify and quantify the
opportunities for improvement.
Both encourage pull rather than push.
Synergies Between TOC and Lean