UV Fluorescence - Effluent Monitoring from sea to source for Bathing Water,

Water Framework and Shellfish Directives

Justin DunningSales Manager

Chelsea Technologies Group

WWEM 2014

Chelsea Technologies Group

Application of sensor technology

Process control & monitoring

Medical diagnostics

Algal biofuel production

Fresh water & coastal monitoring

Offshore pipeline leak detection

Hydrocarbon pollution monitoring

NAD

Tactical Oceanography

Acoustic Target Simulation

Oceanographic research

Sensors & systems

Acoustic transducers

Fisheries

Exhaust gas monitoring

Ballast water monitoring

FerryBox

Security

Water Quality/Treatment

Bio/chem Security

Storage Tank Security

Environmental

Fluorometers

• Visible- Algae- Dye tracing

• UV- Tryptophan- CDOM- Polycyclic Aromatic

Hydrocarbons- Optical Brighteners

• Active- Photosynthesis analysis

UviLux

UV fluorimetry

• UV AQUAtracka - established reputation for highly

sensitive in situ UV fluorometry

• Robust design- Titanium housing- Full ocean depth capability

UV fluorescence

Ex

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nm

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Emission Wavelength (nm)

CDOM

PAH

CDOM

T1

OpticalBrighteners

UviLux

• New range of highly sensitive in situ UV fluorometers- LED source

- PMT detection

• Similar performance to UV AquaTracka- Lower cost – new applications

- Smaller

• 4 configurations- Hydrocarbon (PAH)

- Tryptophan/BOD

- CDOM

- Optical Brighteners

UviLux construction

detectoremission filter

light sourceexcitation filter

UviLux – specifications

PAH CDOM Tryptophan Optical Brighteners

Excitation 255nm 255nm 280nm 350nm

Emission 360nm 450nm 360nm 450nm

Sensitivity 0.005 µg/L5ppt

(Carbazole)

0.002 µg/L2ppt

(Perylene)

0.02 µg/L20ppt

(Tryptophan)

0.01mg/l10ppt(PTSA)

(1:20,000 dilution of typical load)

Range 0.005 – 200 µg/l 0.002 – 15 µg/l 0.02 – 800 µg/l 0.01 - 300 µg/l

Depth Rating 600m

Interfaces Standard:Options:

RS232RS422

0-5V analogueSDI-12 4 - 20mA

Input Voltage 9 - 36 Vdc

Size Ø70 x 149 mm

Weight 0.8 kg

Digital modes Fixed Gain Auto Gain

Analogue modes Linear Logarithmic

Tryptophan-like fluorescence

Ex

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nm

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Emission Wavelength (nm)

T1

What is Tryptophan?

• An essential amino acid in human diet

• Main component of protein fluorescence

• Associated with microbial activity- Sewage & faecal contamination of waste

waters, e.g. agricultural runoff

• Fluorescence correlates with BOD5 measurements

Just some of the publications….

• Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems: a review - R.K. Henderson et al, Water Research, 43, 863-881, 2009

• Can fluorescence spectroscopy be used as a surrogate for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test in water quality assessment? An example from South West England

- N. Hudson et al, Science of the Total Environment, 391, 149-158, 2008

• Use of synchronous fluorescence spectra to estimate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of urban rivers affected by sewage treatment

- J Hur & D.S. Kong, Environmental Technology, 29(4), 435-444, 2008

• Fluorescence analysis of dissolved organic matter in natural, waste and polluted waters – a review

- N Hudson et al, River Research and Applications, 23, 631-649, 2007

• Rapid and direct determination of tryptophan in water using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy

- D.M. Reynolds, Water Research, 37, 3055-3060, 2003

• The differentiation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable dissolved organic matter in wastewaters using fluorescence spectroscopy

- D.M. Reynolds, J Chem Technol Biotechnol 77, 965-972, 2002

Fluorescence correlation to BOD

• Strong relationship between fluorescence and BOD5 demonstrated

• Applications: - Surrogate for Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) measurement- Effluent contamination monitoring- Combined Sewage Overflow (CSO) and Fish Kill investigations- General pollution event investigations- Foul & surface sewer misconnection detection- Water catchment surveys

‘Should consider fluorescence spectroscopy as a more accurate, independent and flexible indicator of bioavailability than BOD5’

Science of the Total Environment 391 (2008) 149 – 158

Field testing

Gower, South WalesApril 2012

Water catchment survey

34.8

35.3

35.6

35.836.3

34.433.933.6

33.3

32.3

27.9

WWTW outflow

35

34 34

85

11393

324

45

Effluent monitoring – shellfish beds

Bathing waters directive

CSO event monitoring

28.332.6

36.8

37.4

12.0

10.0

7.9

7.5

6.0

7.4

22.5 39.3

Tryptophan at Porthluney

BOD/CDOM ratio smoothes out daily variation making Tryptophan peaks clearer

PORTHLUNEY

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Tryptophan peaking post rain events

WWTW event detection

BOD/CDOM ratio smoothes out daily variation making Tryptophan peaks clearer

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Tryptophan/CDOM diurnal correlation

Tryptophan anomalies

PEN-Y-BONT WATER TREATMENT WORKSOvernight 6-7/11/2013

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UviLux BOD

UviLux CDOM

Lab BOD

WWTW event detection

Similar rise in both sensor and lab results

CDOM signal attenuated by Tryptophan absorbance

Tryptophan peak correlating with BOD5 & bacterial counts

E.Coli: 74,000 cfu/100mlEnterococci: 22,000 cfu/100ml

Tryptophan/CDOM ratio

BOD/CDOM ratio smoothes out daily variation making Tryptophan peaks clearer

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100

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13/10 15/10 17/10 19/10 21/10 23/10 25/10 27/10 29/10 31/10 02/11 04/11 06/11 08/11 10/11

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Ratio smoothes diurnal variation, but anomalies are still clear

Wader Pro

• Dual UviLux system- Tryptophan & CDOM sensors

- Background compensation

Hawk

• Handheld data display unit- Touch screen display

- RAG thresholds

- Portable and rugged

- Data logging

- Location and time stamp

Watchkeeper

• Wall mounted data display unit - Data logging- Touchscreen display- RAG thresholds- Alarm relays- 4-20mA outputs

CTG New Systems

• New Systems include- BACTI-Wader and BACTI-Wader Pro- BOD-Wader and BOD-Wader Pro- BACTI-Station and BACTI-Station Pro- BOD-Station and BOD-Station Pro

Thank You

www.chelsea.co.uk