Utopian CommunitiesUtopian Communities

Robert Owen (1771-1858)

Robert Owen (1771-1858)

Utopian Socialist

“Village of Cooperation”

The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848

The Oneida CommunityNew York, 1848

John Humphrey Noyes

(1811-1886)

Millenarianism the 2nd

coming of Christ had already occurred Humans were no longer obliged to follow the moral rules of the past• all residents

married to each other• carefully regulated “free love”

New Harmony, IN

New Harmony, IN

New Harmony lasted from 1825-1829

Secular Utopian Communities

Secular Utopian Communities

IndividualFreedom

Demands ofCommunity Life

spontaneity

self-fulfillment

discipline

organizationalhierarchy

Original Plans for New Harmony, IN

Original Plans for New Harmony, IN

Proposal by Owen

New Harmony in 1832

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement

• Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica

• No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s

Gradualists Immediatists

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement•Until 1820s most abolitionists advocated resettlement

•1816 American Colonization Society created

Member certificate to American Colonization Society

Anti-Slavery AlphabetAnti-Slavery Alphabet

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)

• Massachusetts newspaper editor

•

• Founded in 1831

The LiberatorThe Liberator

Premiere issue January 1, 1831

The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!The Tree of Slavery—Loaded with the Sum of All Villanies!

Other White AbolitionistsOther White Abolitionists

Lewis Tappan

Arthur Tappan

James Birney

• Liberty Party• Ran for President

in 1840 & 1844

Black AbolitionistsBlack Abolitionists

David Walker(1785-1830)

1829 Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World

Fight for freedom rather than wait to be set free by whites

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

Frederick Douglass (1817-1895)

1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass1847 published “The North Star”

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)

or Isabella Baumfree

1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth

Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)Harriet Tubman(1820-1913)

“Moses”

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground

Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad• “Conductor” ==== leader of the

escape

• “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves

• “Tracks” ==== routes

• “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves

• “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep

Turner’s Rebellion

• • Led by Nat Turner• • 55-65 whites killed in the revolt• 200+ blacks killed

– 56 executed (including Turner)– 100-200 killed by militias and mobs

• Results:–

Slave Owners Defend Slavery•

– Ex. Servants should obey their masters– Slaves benefited from Christianity

• – Greece, Rome, Egypt

• – Paternalism of slaveowner – Compared to “wage slaves” in the North

• “ ” not just a “necessary evil”

• 1836-1844 “ ”– In response to numerous abolitionist petitions, Congress was prevented

from discussing slavery