Post on 16-Jan-2022
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 1 of 18
Honors C
hemistry
- Unit 5
Chapter 8 – Chemical Equations
Quiz o
n Diatomic Molecules: Tu
es., N
ov. 9
th Vocab Assig
nment Due: Tu
es., N
ov. 9th
Problem Set Due: W
ed., Nov. 17th
Test D
ate: Fri., N
ov. 19th
VOCABULARY Assig
nment
Use the Tw
o-column Notes fo
rmat/stra
tegy on page 913 (b
lue textbook) to
study/complete your vocabulary assig
nment.
chemica
l reactio
n
reacta
nts
products
single disp
lacement
double disp
lacement
decompositio
n
synthesis
combustio
n
subscrip
t
coefficie
nt
activ
ity se
ries
OBJECTIV
ES:
• Be able to
balance ch
emica
l equatio
ns u
sing co
efficie
nts.
• Be able to
identify
and write
the fiv
e basic ty
pes o
f equatio
ns: sin
gle disp
lacement,
double disp
lacement, sy
nthesis, d
ecompositio
n and co
mbustio
n.
• Be able to
use co
rrect n
otatio
n in
equatio
ns (su
ch as sta
te sy
mbols).
• Be able to
identify
the se
ven diatomic m
olecules a
nd use th
em co
rrectly
in equatio
ns.
• Be able to
use th
e activ
ity se
ries to
write
equatio
ns
SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL EQUATIO
NS
(brief descriptions a
nd table liste
d below)
• State sy
mbols (a
fter fo
rmula) s, l, g
or a
q (b
ook uses cr fo
r crysta
lline so
lid)
• up arro
w (↑
) gas
• down arro
w (↓
) ppt
• �� re
versib
le rx
n
• squiggly lin
e above arro
w = electric cu
rrent o
r with
e- as sh
own below
∆ above arro
w = heat
• temp, p
ressu
re m
ay be writte
n above arro
w
• catalyst m
ay be writte
n below or a
bove arro
w
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 2 of 18
Unit 5
PROBLEM SET – Chemical Equations:
Follow the instru
ctions fo
r the cover page for Problem Sets.
Show your w
ork on all p
roblems. C
redit w
ill not be given without w
ork.
Include units o
n your answers.
Review Questions:
1. Name th
e fo
llowing:
A. F
eSO
4
B. B
aCl2
C. C
O
D. N
H4 N
O2
2. Write
the fo
rmula fo
r the fo
llowing:
A. d
iphosphorus trisu
lfide
B. co
balt (III) ca
rbonate
C. silv
er su
lfide
3. Nico
tine, a
component o
f tobacco
, is 74.1 perce
nt C
, 8.6 perce
nt H
and 17.3 perce
nt N
by m
ass; th
e m
olar m
ass is a
bout 1
62.5 g. W
hat is n
icotin
e’s e
mpirica
l form
ula? Its
molecular fo
rmula?
4. A. H
ow m
any fo
rmula units in
78.3 g of le
ad (II) p
hosphate?
B. C
alcu
late th
e m
olarity
of a
1.5 lite
r solutio
n of 4
98.6 g of le
ad (II) p
hosphate.
5. Calcu
late th
e perce
nt co
mpositio
n of a
luminum dich
romate.
Current U
nit M
aterial:
6. Write
balanced equatio
ns fo
r the fo
llowing re
actio
ns:
A. Calciu
m m
etal is a
dded to
water.
B. A so
lutio
n of tin
(II) chlorid
e is a
dded to
a so
lutio
n of iro
n (III) su
lfate
C. Chlorin
e gas is b
ubbled in
to a so
lutio
n of lith
ium io
dide.
D. C
3 H8 is b
urned in
oxygen
7. How is 2
Cl d
ifferent fro
m Cl2 ?
8. Octa
ne, C
8 H18, is a
component o
f gasolin
e. W
rite th
e balanced equatio
n fo
r the
complete co
mbustio
n of o
ctane. (e
xtra credit)
9. The poiso
nous g
as, h
ydrogen su
lfide, ca
n be neutra
lized with
a base su
ch as N
aOH
producin
g water a
nd so
dium su
lfide. A
student a
sked to
write
a balanced equatio
n fo
r
the re
actio
n wrote th
e fo
llowing:
Na
2 OH(a
q) +
H2 S
(g) ��� �
Na
2 S (a
q) +
H2 O
(l)
A. Is th
is equatio
n co
rrect?
B. E
xplain why or w
hy not, a
nd su
pply th
e co
rrectly
balanced equatio
n if n
ecessa
ry.
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 3 of 18
CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS
Chemical Equation: re
presents with
symbols and fo
rmulas th
e re
acta
nts and products
Example:
Reacta
nts
yield
s
Products
Fe2 O
3 +
2 Al �
2 Fe + Al2 O
3
Equatio
ns m
ust:
Represent k
nown fa
cts – all re
acta
nts a
nd products m
ust b
e in
cluded
Contain correct fo
rmulas
Coeffic
ients: n
umbers in
front o
f compounds/e
lements
Represents th
e number o
f moles
Subscrip
ts: n
umbers in
the fo
rmulas
They are never ch
anged!
Symbols used in
equatio
ns are on your o
bjectiv
e sheet !
WRITING AND BALANCING EQUATIONS
Diatomic molecules: O
ccur in
pairs in
their n
atural state (w
hen th
ey are alone and not io
nic, n
ot
in co
mpounds) –
Notice
there are 7 of th
ese and th
ey m
ake a 7 shape on th
e PT!!!!!
Memorize!! (q
uiz):
Writin
g &
Bala
ncin
g E
quatio
ns
�D
iato
mic
mole
cule
s –
occur in
pairs
in th
eir n
atu
ral s
tate
(whe
n th
ey a
re a
lon
e; n
otin
com
poun
ds)
I2 , Br2 , C
l2 , F2 , O
2 , N2 , H
2(*Q
uiz
*)
I IB
rB
ring C
lC
lay F F
or O O
ur N N
ew
H Ho
use
or
H His
Br
Bro
wn
Cl
Clo
wn F F
ou
nd N N
o O O
ranges I In
sid
e
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 4 of 18
When writin
g equatio
ns y
ou m
ust s
atisfy
the law of conservation matter
(matter ca
n not be crea
ted or destro
yed)
Therefore we m
ust h
ave th
e same ty
pe and number o
f each atom on each sid
e of th
e
equatio
n.
BALANCING EQUATIONS: 4 steps:
1. S
tart w
ith a word equatio
n
2. C
onvert to
a fo
rmula equatio
n (d
on’t fo
rget th
e diatomic m
olecules!)
3. B
alance with
coefficie
nts:
balance each atom one at a
time
balance polyatomic io
ns o
n each side of th
e equatio
n as one unit
balance H
and O la
st (they ofte
n appear in
more th
an one co
mpound)
4. C
heck; if co
efficie
nts a
re not th
e lo
west p
ossible; re
duce down.
*****Remember NEVER change subscripts*****
Examples:
1. w
ater b
reaks down in
to hydrogen and oxygen
2. a
luminum ca
rbide re
acts w
ith water to
produce m
ethane gas (C
H4 ) a
nd aluminum hydroxide
3. N
a2 SO
4 + L
iCl �
Li2 SO
4 + N
aCl
You try
:
1. ca
lcium oxide re
acts
with
bromine to
make ca
lcium bromide and oxygen
2. B
a(N
O3 )
2 + PbO
2 � BaO + Pb(N
O3 )
4
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 9 of 18
BALANCING CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Balance th
e fo
llowing re
actio
ns:
1.
K3 PO
4 +
HCl �
KCl
+
H3 PO
4
2.
Na
+
HNO
3 �
NaNO
3 +
H2
3.
S
+
O2 �
SO
3
4.
Ca(ClO
3 )2
�
CaCl2
+
O2
5.
C2 H
12 +
O
2 � C
O2
+
H2 O
6. Potassiu
m io
dide + le
ad (II) n
itrate �
potassiu
m nitra
te + le
ad (II) io
dide
7. Iro
n (III) o
xide + ca
rbon �
carbon m
onoxide + iro
n
8. Mercu
ry (II) o
xide �
mercu
ry + oxygen
9. Calciu
m + aluminum ch
lorid
e �
calciu
m ch
lorid
e + aluminum
10. M
ercu
ry (I) n
itrate + so
dium ca
rbonate �
sodium nitra
te + m
ercu
ry (I) ca
rbonate
11. Potassiu
m bromide + aluminum nitra
te �
potassiu
m nitra
te + aluminum bromide
12. C
alciu
m phosphate + aluminum su
lfate �
calciu
m su
lfate + aluminum phosphate
13. R
ubidium + acetic a
cid �
rubidium acetate + hydrogen
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 10 of 18
Equation Writin
g
Balance and ID
the following rxns:
1. Zn + H
2 SO
4 �
ZnSO
4 + H
2
2. Na + Br2 �
NaBr
3. H
2 O �
H2 +
O2
4. Cl2 +
KI �
KCl +
I2
5. HNO
3 + LiO
H �
H2 O
+ LiN
O3
6. C
3 H8 +
O2 �
CO
2 + H
2 O
7. Sodium + io
dine �
sodium io
dide
8. Zinc +
hydrochloric a
cid �
zinc ch
lorid
e and hydrogen gas
9. Potassiu
m hydroxide heated yields p
otassiu
m oxide and water
10. M
agnesiu
m and water p
roduce m
agnesiu
m hydroxide and hydrogen gas
Reaction Prediction
1. Tin (II) a
nd co
pper (II) su
lfate
2. Iro
n (III) n
itrate and so
dium ch
romate
3. Calciu
m and io
dine
4. Magnesiu
m and su
lfuric a
cid
5. Calciu
m oxide electro
lyzed
6. Carbon and oxygen
7. Sodium ca
rbonate and hydrochloric a
cid
8. Iro
n (II) su
lfide electro
lyzed
9. Platin
um (II) a
nd le
ad (II) n
itrate
10. Lith
ium oxide and water
11. C
2 H4 +
O2
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 11 of 18
WR
ITIN
G C
HE
MIC
AL
EQ
UA
TIO
NS
Write b
ala
nced
equ
atio
ns fo
r the fo
llow
ing
reactio
ns a
fter iden
tifyin
g th
e typ
e of rea
ction
.
1.
aluminum su
lfate + ca
lcium phosphate
2.
magnesiu
m ch
lorid
e + m
anganese (III) n
itrate
3.
Hydrogen gas +
oxygen gas
4.
Stro
ntiu
m m
etal +
copper (II) n
itrate
5.
copper (II) o
xide + su
lfuric a
cid
6.
nitro
gen gas +
lithium m
etal
7.
C4 H
8 + O
2
8.
sodium bromide + oxygen gas
9.
copper (II) n
itride (h
eated)
10.
potassiu
m m
etal +
water
11.
C3 H
8 + oxygen gas
12.
ammonium su
lfate + so
dium ch
lorid
e
13.
NiO
+ S
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 12 of 18
REACTIO
N TY
PES
1. Synthesis: (o
r compositio
n):
2 or more substances combine to form 1 new substance
A + X � AX
Ex’s:
2. Decompositio
n:
A single substance produces 2 or more sim
pler substances
AX � A + X
Ex’s:
Electrolysis:
Ex:
3. Single Disp
lacement (Replacement):
1 element replaces a sim
ilar element in a cmpd
A + BX � AX + B
Hint: In
reactions write water as HOH.
Ex’s:
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 13 of 18
4. D
ouble Disp
lacement (Replacement):
The ions of 2 cmpds sw
itch places to form 2 new cmpds.
AX + BY � AY + BX
*often one of the new cmpds will be a ppt.
Ex’s:
5. C
ombustio
n:
When a substance combines with oxygen releasing a large amount of energy in
the form of lig
ht and heat.
Often combustions involve a hydrocarbon : cmpd containing C and H
Cx H
y + O
2 � C
O2 +
H2 O
Ex.
Group Practice: ID
, Write
& Balance the following equations:
1. C
2 H4 +
O2 �
2. Bariu
m + Copper (II) ch
lorid
e
3. O
2 + Ca
4. PbCl4 +
Al(N
O3 )3
5. CaCl2
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 14 of 18
Double Displacement R
eactions & Solubility
Rules:
Solubility
Rules:
Answ
er th
e fo
llowing questio
ns in
the sp
ace provided.
1. Use your so
lubility
rules to
determ
ine if th
e fo
llowing su
bsta
nces a
re so
luble (S
) or
insoluble (I) in
water.
a. NaC
2 H3 O
2
f. K
3 PO
4
b. Li2 SO
4
g. C
aCO
3
c. Bariu
m hydroxide
h. N
aCl
d. AgCl
i. PbI2
e. MgBr2
j. HNO
3
Practice Writin
g Dissolution of Solids Equations:
Write
the net io
nic e
quatio
n fo
r the disso
lutio
n of th
e fo
llowing co
mpounds.
Sample: B
aCl2 (s) �
Ba+1(aq) +
2Cl-1(aq)
a. Na3 PO
4 (s) �
b. K
2 SO
4 (s) �
c. KOH (s) �
d. CaI2 (s) �
e. Mg(N
O3 )2 (s) �
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 15 of 18
Net Io
nic Equations:
Steps fo
r writin
g a net io
nic e
quatio
n
1. Write
a balanced equatio
n.
2. Use your so
lubility
rules to
determ
ine so
lubility
and break so
luble co
mpounds in
to io
ns
(with
charges!). L
eave in
soluble co
mpounds to
gether w
ithout a
ny ch
arges!
3. Cancel o
ut sp
ecta
tor io
ns –
if everything ca
ncels w
rite no net re
actio
n.
4. Write
the fin
al e
quatio
n – in
clu
de sta
te symbols!
Example 1:
AgNO
3 + M
gCl2 �
Example 2:
HNO
3 + Ba(O
H)2 �
You tr
y:
K2 S +
Al(N
O3 )3 �
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 16 of 18
Solubility
Rules and Net Io
nic Equations Worksheet
Which
of th
e fo
llowing co
mpounds a
re so
luble in
water?
RbOH
CrC
O3
PbCl2
TiI
BaS
KC
2 H3 O
2
Which
of th
e fo
llowing co
mpounds a
re in
soluble in
water?
NH
3 (g)
Ba(O
H)2
PbI2
CaSO
4 K
2 SO
3 (N
H4 )3 PO
4
Write
net io
nic e
quatio
ns fo
r the fo
llowing re
actio
ns:
1. Ba(N
O3 )2 +
Na2 SO
4 � BaSO
4 + 2 N
aNO
3
2. sodium hydroxide + zinc (II) n
itrate �
sodium nitra
te + zinc (II) h
ydroxide
3. PbCl2 +
Na2 SO
4 �
4. Silv
er n
itrate and ca
lcium bromide �
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 17 of 18
5. sulfu
ric acid
and so
dium ch
lorid
e produce hydrochloric a
cid and so
dium su
lfate
6. LiO
H + H
2 S �
7. aluminum ch
lorid
e and iro
n (III) n
itrate �
8. ammonium ch
lorid
e + potassiu
m hydroxide �
potassiu
m ch
lorid
e + ammonia (g
) +
water
9. rubidium ca
rbonate + stro
ntiu
m acetate �
Unit 5
Packet - P
age 18 of 18
Activity Series
Pg 265-267
1. What is th
e activ
ity se
ries
2. Where are th
e m
ost a
ctive elements fo
und in
the se
ries?
3. Look at th
e sa
mple Questio
ns 8
-6 on pg 266 th
en do th
e practice
questio
ns
4. Do th
e se
ction re
view 1-2 on page 267.
Activity Series Practice
(Use the series for single displacement reactions or synthesis reactions with oxygen):
I. Based on th
e activ
ity se
ries o
f metals a
nd halogens, circle
the element w
ithin each pair th
at is m
ore lik
ely
to re
place th
e other in
a co
mpound?
K and N
a
Al a
nd N
i
Bi a
nd Cr
Cl a
nd F
Cl a
nd I
Fe and Sr
I a
nd F
Au and Ag
II. Usin
g th
e activ
ity se
ries o
f metals a
nd halogens, p
redict w
hether e
ach of th
e possib
le re
actio
ns lis
ted
below will o
ccur. F
or th
e re
actio
ns th
at w
ill occu
r, write
the products a
nd balance th
e equatio
n:
Ni(s) +
CuCl2 (aq) �
Zn(s) +
Pb(N
O3 )
2 (aq) �
Cl2 (g) +
KI(aq)
�
Cu(s) +
FeSO
4 (aq) �
Ba(s) +
H2 O(l) �
Na2 SO
4 (aq) +
Ba(N
O3 )
2 (aq) �
CuCl2 (aq) +
Mg(N
O3 )
2 (aq)
�
III. Use th
e activ
ity se
ries to
predict w
hether e
ach of th
e fo
llowing sy
nthesis re
actio
ns w
ill occu
r, and w
rite
the ch
emica
l equatio
ns fo
r those predicte
d to
occu
r:
Ca(s) +
O2 (g)
�
Ni(s) +
O2 (g) �
Au(s) +
O2 (g) �