Why Religion is Important1.Provides mental peace2.Promotes Virtues (Honesty, non-violence. Love)3.Spirit of Brotherhood (common bond, unity, to

belong)4.It demands human qualities (forgiveness)5.Promotes Socialization 6.Promotes Welfare (Donations)7.Gives direction in Life 8.Gives purpose in life

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ISLAM

What is Islam?

◦A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad

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◦Islam means “submission” and derives from a word meaning “peace”.

◦ Religious context: “Submission to God (Allah)”

◦Allah is the Arabic word for “God”

◦Muslim- are the people who follow Islam

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Quran (Koran)◦Islamic Holy Book

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Basic Beliefs of Islam

One GodAllah= Arabic world for God

Judgment Day

Muhammad was the last prophet by God

Founding of Islam◦570 AD Muhammad born in Mecca

◦610 AD Muhammad was told by a vision of the angel Gabriel that he would be a prophet so began preaching in Mecca

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◦Islamic religion spread from Mecca to Medina along trade routes

◦622 AD: Muhammad fled to Medina because of threats to his life

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◦630 AD: Muhammad returned to Mecca and was accepted

◦632 AD: Muhammad died in Medina

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Five Pillars◦As part of the Islam religion, all true Muslims must perform 5 duties:

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Affirmation of Faith

◦The duty to recite the creed: “There is nothing worthy of worship save Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”

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Prayer ◦The duty to pray to God five times each day

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Almsgiving◦The duty to give away alms and to help the needy

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Fasting◦The duty to keep the fast of Ramadan

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Pilgrimage◦The duty to visit Mecca at least once in a lifetime

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Ka’ba

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SPREAD OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

ISLAMIC RELIGION SPREAD RAPIDLY OVER GREAT

DISTANCES: SYRIA, IRAQ, JERUSALEM, EGYPT, PERSIA, SPAIN, ASIA MINOR, RUSSIA,

AND INDIA

Expansion◦635 AD: Muslim Conquest of Damascus, Syria

◦637 AD: Muslim Conquest of Iraq

◦638 AD: Muslim Conquest of Jerusalem

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◦641 AD: Muslim conquest Egypt

◦649 AD: Muslim conquest of Persia

◦718 AD: Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) mostly occupied by Muslims

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THE SPLIT IN ISLAM

Split of Islam

◦656 AD- two groups split over how the religious leaders should be chosen

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The 12 Imams, believed to be descendants of Muhammad daughter Fatima and son-in-Law Ali and the infallible true leaders of Islam.

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• part of Shi'ite Muslim ritual commemorating the death of the Prophet's grandson

• Washing away their sins

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Dome of the Rock

The Rock

◦God told Abraham to offer his son as a burnt offering on Mount Moriah◦The Bible says this son was Isaac◦Muslims believe it was Ishmael

The Rock

Holy site for Jews and Muslims

◦On this rock the Jewish Temple was built ◦Muslims believe that on his Night Journey Muhammad went to visit heaven from this rock ◦Now it is covered by the Dome of the Rock shrine

Model of Solomon’s Temple

Dome of the Rock

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