U.S. History Chapter 26 Section

4 Essential Question:

What role did television play in the domestic reaction the Cold War?

Joseph McCarthy • Republican

Senator from Wisconsin

• Thought of as an ineffective politician

• Needed a “winning” issue to be reelected in 1952

• McCarthy falsely charged that communists were taking over the U.S. government

McCarthyism• McCarthy makes

one unsupported claim of communist activity after another

• McCarthyism: The unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providingevidence

• Takes advantage the country’s concerns about communism during the cold war

• Claimed 205 communists worked for state department, never produced one name

2nd Red Scare

End of McCarthyism

• In 1954 McCarthy accused the U.S. Army of sympathizing with communists

• In a televised hearing McCarthy bullied witnesses and lost public support

• McCarthy was later censured for “improper” conduct

• Eventually lost his Senate seat

Dwight Eisenhower & John Foster Dulles

• Eisenhower elected President after Truman.

• Anti-Communists Secretary of State under Eisenhower.

• Proposes the policy of brinkmanship.

Warsaw Pact• Formed by the Soviet Union and their

E. European satellites when W. Germany rearms and joins NATO.

• Warsaw Pact is an alliance just like NATO

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

1. 1953 CIA sponsored coup in Iran P. M. Mohammed Mossadegh nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.. Goal: keep the P.M. from getting

help($) from Soviets. CIA installs the Shah as new leader of Iran.

2. 1956 Suez Crisis. 3. 1958 Civil War in Lebanon4. 1960 OPEC formed

Middle East:

Eisenhower Doctrine• What event leads to the Eisenhower

Doctrine?Soviet support of Egypt during the Suez Crisis

• To balance out rising Soviet influence the U.S. issues the Eisenhower Doctrine in 1957.

• Eisenhower Doctrine: The U.S. will defend the Middle East from attack by any Communist country.

• President has the authority to use armed forces at his discretion to combat communist aggression.

The Suez Crisis• Egypt strengthens ties to the Soviets in

order to combat rising western influence. • U.S. & G.B. withdraw help, Egypt seizes

control of the British & French owned Suez Canal.

• Britain, France, & Israel invade Egypt. • Soviets threaten to get involved. • U.S. backs Britain, France, & Israel. • Direct confrontation seemed unavoidable.• The U.N. steps in and imposes a cease

fire.• Canal reopens in 1957 under Egyptian

management.

Foreign Policy “Hot Spots”

1. 1948 O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Truman’s administration.

2. 1954 CIA covert ops. in Guatemala.

3. 1950s Puerto Rican independence movement.

4. 1959 Castro’s Communist Revolution in Cuba.

Latin America:

CIA appoints new dictator sympathetic to the U.S.

Sputnik I• Launched by the

Soviets in 1957• First man-made

object to orbit the Earth

• Traveled around the globe once every 96 minutes

• What was the American reaction to Sputnik?

The U-2 Incident• After rejection of

open skies, the CIA begins to make secret high altitude flights over U.S.S.R. to spot ICBM

• Soviets shoot down plane

• U.S. denies involvement, later admits truth