URBAN MOBILITY AND INSTITUTIONAL ORGANISATION OF

MASS TRANSIT IN HANOI

MONDAY 19 NOVEMBER 2012

HANOI SEMINAR

JULIEN ALLAIRE

TECHNICAL DIRECTOR

CODATU

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Part 1: Strategy of Hanoi for urban mobility

retrospective 2000-2010:

Urban growth in Hanoi

Motorbike dominated

Development of public transport

perspective 2010-2020: Development of public transport

Part 2: Public transport and mobility governance

Different possibilities for Hanoi

International benchmarking

The division of tasks between operators and Transport Authority

Part 3: Perspectives and conclusions

PART 1: STRATEGY OF HANOI FOR URBAN MOBILITY

http://tin180.com/xahoi/phong-su-anh-clip/

Figure 20: Expansion of Hanoi urban zone in 1983 and 2003 (Source: HAIDEP, 2007; quoted in LEE et al., 2008)

HANOI: A CAPITAL CITY WITH A STRONG GROWTH

HANOI: A CAPITAL CITY WITH A STRONG GROWTH Economic growth in excess of

10% over the last 10 years.

Population growth (see opposite)

Territorial expansion (administrative extension)

Rapid growth of mobility

More motorbikes and cars

Therefore:

More energy consumption and pollution

More congestion

More emphasis on accidentology

VEHICLE OWNERSHIP IN VIETNAM

Share of motorbikes in vehicle fleet

(Source: LE Anh Tu, 2006)

Growth in number of vehicles

In Hanoi: Motorbikes: + 13%/year

Cars: + 21%/year

FROM 2-WHEELER TO 4-WHEELER

VEHICLES?

MOTORBIKE HEGEMONY IN HANOI

Over 600 motorbikes

per 1000 inhabitants in

Hanoi

Pattern of modal market in Hanoi since rebirth of bus mass transit in 2000 (TRAMOC)

Over 80 % of modal share

80% of households own a motorbike 40% of households own 2 or more

PLANNING FOR MOBILITY IN HANOI – WHAT?

Cities dominated by active modes

Cities

dominated by private

transport

Cities dominated by

public transport

From Replogle (1992)

100 % active modes

0 % private

transport

0 % public transport

100 % private transport

100 % public transport

0 % active modes

Mixed cities

Since the early 2000s a commitment to develop collective transportation Modal split: what is the target ?

TREMENDOUS EXPANSION OF BUS NETWORK

Very strong development of a quality public transport service, accessible for Hanoi dwellers.

TRAMOC

Planning goal to the year 2020 (Source: HAIDEP, 2007)

TRANSPORT PLANNING TO 2020

MASS TRANSIT TO 2020

TIME LINE FOR COMMISSIONING OF METRO LINES

L1

L2

L3

L5

L2a

MOT / Vietnam Railway

Administration

Metro Rail Transport

Project Board (HRB) / CPH

MOT / Vietnam Railway

Administration

Metro Rail Transport

Project Board (HRB) / CPH

MOT / Vietnam Railway

Administration

PART 2: PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND MOBILITY GOVERNANCE IN HANOI

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME

L1 L2 L3 L5 L2a

O&M 1

Hanoi City

O&M 2 VNR

Group

D’après JICA

Need of coordination at the city level to have an

integrated network for users

Proposed organization in JICA

report

OPERATIONAL LEVEL Develop appropriate means to guarantee delivery How can the services be delivered efficiently ? Vehicle management, maintenance, personnel management, consumables, fleet renewal, etc.

TACTICAL LEVEL Characterising the solutions needed to meet the targets: What services need to be developed to achieve these targets? How? Fixing rates, line, mode, time tables, type of service

STRATEGIC LEVEL Formulation of the policy and targets What do we want to achieve? With what resources? (Territory to be served, level of compensation, level of accessibility, general features of the service

THE VARIOUS LEVELS OF RESPONSABILITY

D’après Mezghani (2012)

Elected representatives

Transport Organising Authority

Operator

LON

G

TER

M

MID

T

ERM

SH

OR

T T

ERM

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME AND THE CREATION OF TRANSPORT AUTHORITY

L1 L2 L3 L5 L2a

O&M 1

MRB

O&M 2 VNR

Group

D’après JICA

Buses

Transerco

Tramoc

Hanoi People ‘s Committee

DOT ?

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEME AND THE CREATION OF TRANSPORT AUTHORITY

L1 L2 L3 L5 L2a

O&M 1

MRB

O&M 2 VNR

Group

Buses

Transerco

Tramoc

Hanoi People ‘s Committee

DOT ? +

CHARACTERISTICS MASS TRANSIT AUTHORITY

Territory involved

Legal form: specialised public authority, department of an existing authority, coalition of local governments, company formed by the governments.

Partners: share breakdown or composition of board of directors

Public involvment

Jurisdictions and responsibilities: public transport, mobility or urban development

Financial resources : Receipts from ticketing, subsidies, direct taxes, etc.

Human resources and expertise

Organisation chart: various components, level of management, interrelationship

From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)

EXAMPLES OF DIFFERENT FORMS IN EUROPE

Madrid

Valencia

Stockholm

Region

Region

Amsterdam

Lisbon

The metropolitan

transport authority can take different

forms

+ local governments

Region Region

Several municipalities

Municipality

Barcelona

Lyon

Berlin

Frankfurt

Paris

Copenhagen

Helsinki

Milano

London

From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)

POTENTIAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS MEMBERS

Staff representatives: Athens

Representatives of municipalities and other local governments: Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Copenhagen, etc.

Various possibilities…

From Naniopoulos et al. (2012)

Consumer association representatives: Madrid

Representatives of carriers: Madrid, Valencia

Union and chamber of commerce representatives: Madrid, Valencia)

Representatives of regions and local government: Spain, France, Italy, Holland

Government officials (with or without voting right): Barcelona, Madrid, Bologna, Athens

Urban development

Integration of transport and urban planning

Urban mobility policy Traffic and parking Urban logistics Modal integration

Overall public transit “market”

Organisation of “informal transit” Mobility services Taxis Public transport regulation Regulatory framework Identification of network and required services Monitoring public service obligation Contracted out services Technical standards Promotion and information Quality monitoring

FOCAL AREAS

21 From Mezghani (2012)

BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: EXAMPLE OF CITIES IN GERMANY

The people Urban transport organising

authority Stakeholders

Policy committee

Transport administration

Relations Democracy Hierarchy

Strategic level

Transport policy

Social policy

Standard for mobility

Standard for accessibility

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion

Tactical level Frequency

Type of vehicle

Fixing rates

Lines

Tactical level Personnel management

Vehicle management

Marketing

Information

From Didier Van De Velde

BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: EXAMPLE OF LONDON, CITIES IN FRANCE, ETC.

The people Urban transport organising

authority Transport operators

Stakeholders Policy

committee Transport

administration Private or public

companies

Relations Democracy Hierarchy Contract

Strategic level

Transport policy

Social policy

Standard for mobility

Standard for accessibility

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion

Tactical level Frequency

Type of vehicle

Fixing rates

Lines

Tactical level Personnel management

Vehicle management

Marketing

Information

Marketing

Information

From Didier Van De Velde

BREAKDOWN OF MISSIONS: INCENTIVE THROUGH INVOLVEMENT AT TACTICAL LEVEL

The people Urban transport organising

authority Transport operators

Stakeholders Policy

committee Transport

administration Private or public

companies

Relations Democracy Hierarchy Contract

Strategic level

Transport policy

Social policy

Standard for mobility

Standard for accessibility

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion

Discussion

Tactical level Frequency

Type of vehicle

Fixing rates

Lines

Tactical level Personnel management

Vehicle management

Marketing

Information

Min. standards

Min. standards

Min. standards

Min. standards

Min. standards

Min. standards

From Didier Van De Velde

PART 3: PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS

26

O&M

Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA)

Development of Roads (Highway Eng. Agency)

Transerco

Management of urban transport

(TRAMOC)

O&M O&M

PT Master Plan

MRB

Urban traffic management (DOT)

Street management (Municipality)

Land Use

(DONRE)

BRT Metro lines

Passenger information, ticketing

Rail Master Plan

Public Transport Source: Consia Consulting team

CURRENT SPREAD OF JURISDICTIONS?

Taxis Xe-Om

Cars Motos

27

Stage 1

O&M

Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA)

Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)

Bus Operation Transerco

Management of urban transport

(TRAMOC)

O&M Railway op.

O&M

PT Master Plan

Mgt Urban railways

MRB

Urban Traffic Management (DOT)

Street management (Municipality

Land Use

(DONRE)

BRT Metro lines

Passenger information, ticketing

Rail Master Plan

Source: Consia Consulting team

CHANGE OF JURISDICTIONS?

Taxis Xe-Om

Cars Motos

Coherence

23/11/2012 28

Stage 1

O&M

Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA)

Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)

Bus Operation Transerco

Management of Urban transport

(Tramoc)

O&M O&M

PT Master Plan

Mgt of urban Railways

(MRB)

Urban Traffic Management (DOT)

Street management (Municipality

Land Use

(DONRE)

BRT Metro lines

Passenger information, ticketing

Rail Master Plan

PTA URA

IN THE FUTURE TWO AUTHORITIES?

Taxis Xe-Om

Cars Motos

Coherence

23/11/2012 29

Stage 1

O&M

Urban Planning Master Plan (HAUPA)

Development of Roads (Highway Eng.Agency)

Bus Operation Transerco

Management of Urban transport

(TRAMOC)

O&M O&M

PT Master Plan

Mgt of urban Railways

(MRB)

Urban Traffic Management (DOT)

Street management (Municipality

Land Use

(DONRE)

BRT Metro lines

Passenger information, ticketing

Rail Master Plan

PTA

IN THE FUTURE ONE AUTHORITY?

Taxis Xe-Om

Cars Motos

Coherence

CHALLENGE OF ONE AUHTORITY WITH JURISDICTION OVER ALL MODES

1: buses

3: bicycles

4: motor-bikes

2: taxis

6: pedestrians

5: cars

As many as two thirds of people use a motorbike to go less than 500 m (survey LAM Quang Cuong, 2004)

THE CHALLENGE OF COORDINATION OR INTEGRATION 3 types of integration and three different phases

Level of

integration

Design phase

(2010–2015)

Implementation

phase

(2010–2020)

Operational phase

(after 2020)

At the

institutional

level

(regulation)

Coordination between the

various project owners

(Task Force)

Public transport

organising authority

Urban transport

organising authority

At the

systems level

(equipment)

- Ticketing technology: pros and

cons of the different

technologies

- Pros and cons of system

centralisation/decentralisation? ... ...

At the

hands-on level

(work)

- Multimodal hub: safe,

comfortable transfers

- Parking, routing and other

services: land reserves? ... ...

Competition between modes Complementarity between modes

5 000 VDN

10 000 VDN

8 000 VDN

NETWORK: COMPLEMENTARITY OR COMPETITION ?

Réseau non intégré Intégration du réseau

MULTI MODAL STATION: COMPLEMENTARITY OR COMPETITION ?

CONCLUSIONS Objectives:

Put in place a quality transportation service so that Hanoians prefer mass transit over private transit

Simplification of the use of mass transit

Economic efficiency

The challenge:

Integration and/or coordination of policies and initiatives in urban transit

At what level: strategic, tactical or operational?

Start right now coordination of technical and organisational choices

Provide high-level coordination in the work phase

Integrate or coordinate at the metro operation level:

One company means less coordination effort on the part of the transport organising authority

Seamless multimodal transport hubs:

Physical integration for transferring from one mode to another

Provide for urban development around the stations (land reserves)

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! MERCI DE VOTRE ATTENTION!

CẢM ƠN BẠN ĐÃ QUAN TÂM CỦA BẠN!

JULIEN ALLAIRE JALLAIRE@CODATU.ORG