Urban Government

Urban Machines & Reform

Boss

Ward Bosses

Precinct Captains

Voters

Other Governments

Illicit

Businesses

Industry &Commerce

Boss

Ward Bosses

Precinct Captains

Voters

Other Governments

Illicit

Businesses

Industry &Commerce

Motives for Reform?

What Type of Reform?

Boss

Ward Bosses

Precinct Captains

Voters

Other Governments

Illicit

Businesses

Industry &Commerce