Urban Adaptation & Sustainability

The Firs Botanical GroundsOctober 20 2010

CLIMATE SCIENCE & URBAN DESIGN

ESRC RES 062 23 2134

Michael Hebbert (SED), Vladimir Jankovic (CHSTM)

Fionn MacKillop (SED)

Introductory

city planning and climate adaptation

a new agenda

with long historical precedents

Introductory

Feng Shue site selection in classical China

emergence of urban climatology

Luke Howard (1812)

Albert Kratzer (1937)

Tim Oke (1976)

Introductory

layers of the urban climate

urban heat island

urban boundary layer

urban canopy layer

Introductory

layers of urban design

spatial strategy

green infrastructure

neighborhood design

built/unbuilt pattern + density

street & public realm design

zoning & building codes

Introductory

urban design shapes climate !

Q1: are designers aware ?

Q2: do they act on it ?

Introductory

Twenty month project in three parts

1 historical

2 comparative

3 applied

Introductory

Longitudinal studies of knowledge transfer from climatology to policy

Three global networks:

IFHP

WMO

ISB

Historical

International Federation of Housing and Planning (IFHP)

founded 1913

based in The Hague

Historical

October 1959 IFHP + CIB + ISB launch International Study Group for Urban and Building Climatology

international symposia: V

ienna (1965 and 1970),

Stockholm (1972),

Zurich (1974),

Vienna (1976) etc etc

. . . Yokohama (2009)

Dublin (2012)

Historical

1978: IFHP questionnaire sent to European HE institutions; 36% response rate – 90% negative

1980: IFHP booklet, Fundamental knowledge in urban and building climatology - unsolicited mail-out to 1,500 recipients

detail: 40 entries on topic of rain, 70 on topic of wind etc.

Historical

Historical

IFHP (1980)

World Meteorological Organisation

founded 1950

based in Geneva

Historical

1951: creation of Commission for Climatology (CCl)

1971: CCl becomes Committee for Special Applications of Meteorology and Climatology (CoSAMC) - chair Helmut Landsberg

1976: publication of Urban Climatology and its Relevance to Urban Design

Historical

Chandler (1976)

Historical

1983 CoSAMC wound up

1985 WMO reviews its failure to promote role of climatology in built environment

Urban dimension remains absent throughout WMO climate change initiatives prior to IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (2014)

Historical

International Society for Biometeorology

Founded Paris, 1956, by Solco S. Tromp (NL) and Frederick Sargent II (US)

interdisciplinary learned society, wide range - vetinerary, medical, botanical, zoological, architectural, engineering etc

Historical

1960 Urban and architectural working group

ISB collaborations with WMO, WHO, IFHP and CIB, development of comfort and well-being measures

Historical

1988 Study Group on Urban Climate

Tim Oke (UBC) chair

Sue Grimmond (Indiana) secretary

2000 breakaway group:

International Association for Urban Climate

- a virtual global network

Historical

four cities:

Stuttgart

New York

Tokyo

Manchester

Comparative

a municipal climatologist since 1936

observation networks, models, climate maps

integration of climatological

data to every scale of design

Comparative - Stuttgart

established precedents - Stuttgart

a

Comparative - New York

a

Comparative - Tokyo

a

Comparative - Manchester

Climate Science and Urban Design a historical and comparative study

ESRC Grant Res - 062- 23 -2132