University of Palestine Dept. of Architecture @ Urban PlanningIntroduction to Planning ( EAGD 3304 )

Collected by,,, M.A. Architect: Tayseer Mushtaha

Email: tmushtaha21@gmail.com17/04/2010

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??? – last meeting

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CITY PLANNING

History of city planning/town planningCity planning principlesContents of city plans

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History of Urban Planning

• The Dawn (first light) of Urbanization• The birth of a Village• The birth of a City• Mesopotamian Towns• Early Egyptian Towns• Greek Towns• Roman Towns• Middle Ages Towns• Renaissance Towns• Industrial Towns• Modern Towns and Cities

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The Dawn of Urbanization

• Primitive societies had a culture but had no physical civilization

• Tents, Caves and Huts

The birth of a Village

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

• Tribes started to gather for protection and compose villages.

• Built on sites where there is a natural defensive measures

The birth of Towns

• Increase of the size of the village and at the same time change of life style

• Emergence of new professions like trade, investors, religious, and other urban elements.

• Had a central religious and political centre

• Used to be surrounded by a fence and had three authorities : Citadel ( political), Temple ( religious) , and warehouses (economic )

• Its planning integrated with the requirements of war.

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

Mesopotamian Towns

• 5000 BC , great towns of Ur (about 1000 Dunums and 24000 people , Babel, Ashor, Ninue ( Mawsel ), etc

• Integrated with the rivers (rivers as transportation and a place where there is food and water ).

• Houses of mud, Ziggurats temples

• Hammurabi ( Babel ) issued building regulations and penalties.

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

Babel

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

Early Egyptian Towns

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

• Social Structure :– Aristocratic : Pharaohs,

Nobles, Priests– Free ( Middle Class) :

Merchants, Professionals– Peasants Class– Slaves class

• Central area : Temple and Palace.• Tel Alamarna :

– Royal road in the middle, – City quarters are gathered

around palaces, temples and public buildings

– Houses of high classes lied on major roads and surrounded

by gardens

– Workers city is far from the original city, has small homes (50 m2)

Greek Towns

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

• Greeks built small towns appropriate for human scale

• Natural borders for the town

• Parts of the town were planned according to geometrical patterns and others according to defensive measures

• Democracy, Buildings of poor and rich are a side, public baths.

• Agora in the center and includes :

– Assembly hall– Council hall– Chamber hall

Roman cities

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

• plenty of towns in invaded areas - medium towns for about 50000 inh. to keep agriculture around

• Division of agricultural land into rectangular parcels.

• Grid pattern for most of Roman cities الشبكي التخطيط

• The city was divided into neighborhoods and quarters with their own centers

• Two major and central intersected roads :

– Cardo : North South– Decomanus : East West

* The Forum at the intersection of the two major roads : the central public space Torino - Italy

Medieval Cities

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

• Feudalism ((اإلقطاع System

• Importance of the cathedral besides the castle and the palace

• Fences around the city with gates, castle, mosque or cathedral or a temple inside

• Another fence for the castle

Renaissance cities

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

• Shrinkage (reduction) of Feudalism system and the authority of commerce and industry

• Artistic Features in cities

• Public spaces ( Piazza OR square)

Industrial Cities

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

• Industry and industrial towns close to factories – facilities like schools and shops

• Active movement from country to towns

• Railways and rail way stations played a role in the planning of towns.

Industrial Cities

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

Modern Cities

SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8SOURCE: …Dr Nihad Almughany-Int to Planning- 1st s. 2007/8

• As a reaction to industrial towns , there were many theories for modern and future cities started from the end of the 19th Century until the time being

NEXT DISCUSSION WILL COVERS; ………………….

GOOD LUCK

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