United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1973)

April Hibbard3ES3

Goal

• Bridge together the gap between centuries old rights and obligations and the new awareness that seas are not an inexhaustible resource for those whose geography or economic development facilitates marine exploitation

Various UN Conventions on Law of the Seas

• UNCLOS I (1958)

• UNCLOS II (1960)

• UNCLOS III (1973)

Boundaries

• Baseline• Internal Waters • Territorial Waters (12 Nautical Miles)

• Contiguous Zone (12 Nautical Miles)

• Continental Shelf• Exclusive Economic Zone (200 Nautical Miles)

- Baseline

- Internal Waters

- Territorial Waters

- Contiguous Zone

Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs)

• Surrounding borders around countries are EEZ• Blue is considered High Seas

High Seas

Freedom , for all states, landlocked or not, to navigate through, fly over, fish upon, and conduct scientific research in, etc.

Landlocked Countries

Landlocked States have the right to share equitably in the explorations of the surplus fishing resources in the EEZ’s of states within their region.

Conservation

• Marine pollution results in toxic effects in:• Harm to living resources and marine life• Hazards to human health• Hindrance to marine activities.

• Sources of Pollution:• Seabed mining• Oil dumping• Vessel-source pollution

Marine Research

• Marine research monitors and regulates the prevention, reduction, and control of population of the marine environment

Regulation set for an allowable number of fish caught—based on scientific research in order to maintain and restore species to levels of maximum sustainability.

Non-living Resources

• Non-living resources located on the sea floor of the Continental Shelf like:• Natural gas• Oil (as shown here)• Coal• Heavy minerals and elements

Ratification

•Dark green- signed and ratified•Light green- signed and not-ratified•Grey- Not signed

Pictures Cited• Slide 1: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm• Slide 2:http://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/H2O-On-the-Go/Sci-Media/Images/Earth-s-water-

distribution—water and http://one-change.com/2006/11/why-we-need-to-conserve-water-the-earths-water/

• Slide 3: http://www.scribd.com/doc/18100634/Unclos-III#• Slide 4: http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_20years.htm • Slide 5:: http://unlawofthesea.wordpress.com/ • Slide 8: http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/e/KAIYO/image/Continental_shelf_with_sediment.png • Slide 9: http://www.arcticpeoples.org/component/k2/itemlist/date/2009/11?catid=154 • Slide 10: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Exclusive_Economic_Zones_Nulles.png • Slide 12: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Landlocked_nations.svg • Slide 14: http://www.ryanmarineinc.com/index.php • Slide 17: http://www.solarnavigator.net/oil_rigs.htm • Slide 18: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Law_of_the_Sea_Convention.png