AOS 1: LearningMechanisms of Learning

Which of the following statements best describes learning?

A. Learning is a change in behaviour that can only occur

intentionally

B. Learning can only occur when there is active participation on the

part of the learner

C. Learning is a lasting change in behaviour that occurs as a result

of experience

D. Learning is a change in observable behaviour

Which of the following statements best describes learning?

A. Learning is a change in behaviour that can only occur

intentionally

B. Learning can only occur when there is active participation on the

part of the learner

C. Learning is a lasting change in behaviour that occurs as a result

of experience

D. Learning is a change in observable behaviour

Which of the following statements is not true about learning?

a) Learning always involves some sort of experience

b) Learning includes all of those responses that are inborn or instinctive

c) All forms of learning involve a relatively permanent change in behaviour

d) Learning always involves some sort of change in the organism

Which of the following statements is not true about learning?

a) Learning always involves some sort of experience

b) Learning includes all of those responses that are inborn or instinctive

c) All forms of learning involve a relatively permanent change in behaviour

d) Learning always involves some sort of change in the organism

Which one of the following examples best demonstrates a reflex response?

a) A one-week old infant withdraws her foot when it is stroked in a particular way.

b) A female dog digs a hole in the garden in which to give birth to her pups.

c) A person withdraws all of their money from the bank, fearing an economic collapse.

d) A young Hopi Indian Child who has been carried in a cradleboard for most of his early life still walks at the same age as other children who have been allowed to sit and then crawl along the ground.

Which one of the following examples best demonstrates a reflex response?

a) A one-week old infant withdraws her foot when it is stroked in a particular way.

b) A female dog digs a hole in the garden in which to give birth to her pups.

c) A person withdraws all of their money from the bank, fearing an economic collapse.

d) A young Hopi Indian Child who has been carried in a cradleboard for most of his early life still walks at the same age as other children who have been allowed to sit and then crawl along the ground.

Blinking when you get something in your eye is an example of a...

a) Reflex Action b) Fixed Action Pattern

c) Behaviour due to physical growth and development

d) Learned behaviour

Blinking when you get something in your eye is an example of a...

a) Reflex Action b) Fixed Action Pattern

c) Behaviour due to physical growth and development

d) Learned behaviour

A baby beginning to crawl is an example of a......

a) Reflex Pattern b) Fixed Action Pattern

c) Behaviour due to Physical Growth and Development

d) Learned Behaviour

A baby beginning to crawl is an example of a......

a) Reflex Pattern b) Fixed Action Pattern

c) Behaviour due to Physical Growth and Development

d) Learned Behaviour

Which of the following is not a distinguishing feature of a fixed-action pattern behaviour?

a) The behaviour tends to be the same in all members of a species (unless it is gender-specific)

b) The behaviour is difficult to change

c) The behaviour will be demonstrated the first time the organism requires it, without the organism having learned it

d) The behaviour is simple and occurs automatically

Which of the following is not a distinguishing feature of a fixed-action pattern behaviour?

a) The behaviour tends to be the same in all members of a species (unless it is gender-specific)

b) The behaviour is difficult to change

c) The behaviour will be demonstrated the first time the organism requires it, without the organism having learned it

d) The behaviour is simple and occurs automatically

Which of the following behaviours is a learned behaviour?

a) The transition from nappies to underpants

b) Washing your hands after using the toilet

c) The transition from crawling to walking

d) Salivating at the smell of freshly baked bread

Which of the following behaviours is a learned behaviour?

a) The transition from nappies to underpants

b) Washing your hands after using the toilet

c) The transition from crawling to walking

d) Salivating at the smell of freshly baked bread

Which of the following is not part of a neuron?

a) Synapse b) Axon

c) Soma d) Dendrite

Which of the following is not part of a neuron?

a) Synapse b) Axon

c) Soma d) Dendrite

The chemicals released by neurons during transmission are called...

A. excitory B. inhibitory

C. neurochemicals D. neurotransmitters

The chemicals released by neurons during transmission are called...

A. excitory B. inhibitory

C. neurochemicals D. neurotransmitters

Neurons communicate with one another by sending ______________ across the ________________ .

A. Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Gap

B. Axon; Synapse

C. Synapse; Synaptic Gap D. Neurotransmitter; Dendrite

Neurons communicate with one another by sending ______________ across the ________________ .

A. Neurotransmitter; Synaptic Gap

B. Axon; Synapse

C. Synapse; Synaptic Gap D. Neurotransmitter; Dendrite

A neurotransmitter involved in learning is...

A. LTP B. NMDA

C. NMAD D. Glutamate

A neurotransmitter involved in learning is...

A. LTP B. NMDA

C. NMAD D. Glutamate

If learning involves an emotional response the ________________ is likely to be involved; if learning involves an association between a stimulus and a response the ___________ is likely to be involved.

A. amygdala; hippocampus B. hippocampus; amygdala

C. basal ganglia; hypothalamus D. hypothalamus; basal ganglia

If learning involves an emotional response the ________________ is likely to be involved; if learning involves an association between a stimulus and a response the ___________ is likely to be involved.

A. amygdala; hippocampus B. hippocampus; amygdala

C. basal ganglia; hypothalamus D. hypothalamus; basal ganglia

Which of the following statements about learning is not true?

A. Learning causes changes at the synapse

B. Learning can create cell assemblies

C. Learning causes weakening of synaptic connections

D. Learning can create neural networks

Which of the following statements about learning is not true?

A. Learning causes changes at the synapse

B. Learning can create cell assemblies

C. Learning causes weakening of synaptic connections

D. Learning can create neural networks

The neuron that receives the neurotransmitter is called ______________ and is found on a __________________

A. presynaptic; dendriteB. postsynaptic; axon

C. postsynaptic; dendrite D. presynaptic; axon

The neuron that receives the neurotransmitter is called ______________ and is found on a __________________

A. presynaptic; dendriteB. postsynaptic; axon

C. postsynaptic; dendrite D. presynaptic; axon

Two common neurotransmitters associated with learning are ...

A. glutamate; acetylcholine B. serotonin; dopamine

C. glutamate; dopamine D. serotonin; acetylcholine

Two common neurotransmitters associated with learning are ...

A. glutamate; acetylcholine B. serotonin; dopamine

C. glutamate; dopamine D. serotonin; acetylcholine

When a brain area assumes or 'takes over' the function of an adjacent damaged brain area, this is best described as ...

A. sprouting B. adaptive plasticity

C. rerouting D. developmental plasticity

When a brain area assumes or 'takes over' the function of an adjacent damaged brain area, this is best described as ...

A. sprouting B. adaptive plasticity

C. rerouting D. developmental plasticity

Plasticity means...

A. the brain is made of plastic B. neurons are flexible like plastic

C. once a connection between neurons is made it is set and

cannot change

D. the brain can reorganise neural pathways based on

learning

Plasticity means...

A. the brain is made of plastic B. neurons are flexible like plastic

C. once a connection between neurons is made it is set and

cannot change

D. the brain can reorganise neural pathways based on

learning

The process of growing new synapses during early brain development is called ...

A. synaptogenesis B. synaptosprouting

C. synaptopruning D. synaptic pruning

The process of growing new synapses during early brain development is called ...

A. synaptogenesis B. synaptosprouting

C. synaptopruning D. synaptic pruning

Brain Imaging devices such as ____________ are typically used to identify changes in the brain due to learning, but devices such as ____________ are not.

A. fMRI; CT B. MRI; fMRI

C. CT; PET D. PET; SPECT

Brain Imaging devices such as ____________ are typically used to identify changes in the brain due to learning, but devices such as ____________ are not.

A. fMRI; CT B. MRI; fMRI

C. CT; PET D. PET; SPECT