Transcript of Unit 4: Europe Human Geography. Mediterranean Europe.
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- Unit 4: Europe Human Geography
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- Mediterranean Europe
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- History Greece City-state-political unit made up of a city and
its surrounding land 2000 BC, first democracy created in Athens All
free adult males had the right to serve in assembly Athens
constantly at war with Sparta
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- History Roman Empire 275 BC Republic-government where citizens
elect representatives to rule Rome stretched across Europe, into
Asia, and Northern Africa Christianity flourished Eventually the
empire split in half
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- Progress Through Time Crusades Renaissance Spains Empire 700s
Muslims and Catholic rulers fought for control of the area Catholic
rulers won out, expanded their control to colonies in South America
and North America
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- Cultural Legacy Rome: Language: Romance languages developed
(minus Greek) Religion: Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholicism
Architecture Politics
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- Cultural Legacy Art Architecture Aqueducts Structures that
carried water over long distances
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- Economic Change Agriculture to Industry Mediterranean nations
were focused more on fishing and agriculture Eventually,
manufacturing increased Textiles, automobiles, clothing, shoes
1980s: Greece, Portugal, Spain joined the European Union
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- Economic Change Economic Problems Northern region is more
developed than southern area North is closer to other industrial
countries of Europe South has poorer transportation system
Government tried to promote growth in south, but made bad
choices
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- Modern Life Originally, some countries were ruled by dictators
Benito Mussolini Francisco Franco Eventually (death and WWII),
Spain set up a constitutional government, Italy set up a
republic
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- Modern Life The Basques Spanish minority Lived in western
foothills of Pyrenees Langue is pre-Roman and is still spoken Given
independent rule by Spain, but some want independence
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- Modern Life City Growth People moving to cities for job
opportunities Housing shortages Pollution Traffic jams
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- Western Europe
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- History Rome vs. France Charlemagne Reformation Protestant
Church emerges thanks to Martin Luther Protestant and Catholic
issues still exist today
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- Rise of Nation-States Nationalism Feudalism led to this strong
feeling of loyalty France was one of the first nation-states Kings
held power Rebellion and French Revolution began in 1789 Formed a
republic Conflict arose between France, Austria, Germany
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- Rise of Nation-States Modern Conflicts: WWI Holocaust Berlin
Wall
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- Economics Agriculture to High-Tech France, Belgium,
Netherlands, Switzerland Dairy farming, livestock Produce and
export dairy products France, Germany, Netherlands Coal, iron ore
manufacturing Netherlands, Germany, France High-tech services
(energy, electronics, scientific instruments, etc)
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- Economics Tourism and Luxury
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- Music and Art Music Famous art from Germany and Austria
Classical music is famous due to this area of the world Painting
Famous painters came from Western Europe
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- Modern Life City Life Good public transportation Entertainment
Smaller homes, more public places More paid vacation time
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- Modern Life Recent Conflicts Guest workers Racism Political
tension
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- Northern Europe
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- History Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway,
Sweden Early conquerors: Wave after wave of people would move into
N Europe and push out those before them Ancient peoples of Great
Britain were the Celts Roman armies conquered these people, but
Germanic tribes eventually took over the area Vikings/Norsemen
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- History Vikings/Norsemen 795 AD Denmark, Norway, Sweden
captured much of Europe Raided lands from Britain to Iceland and
Greenland, even North America and Russia William the Conqueror of
Normandy conquered England, began to rule
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- History Denmark, Sweden, Norway became kingdoms Great Britain
built an empire that impacted the rest of the world (900s) British
Isles Wales Ireland Scotland United Kingdom expanded its naval
force Colonies in Americas, Asia, Africa, Oceania
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- Progressing Through Time Parliament Representative lawmaking
body Members are elected or appointed Established in England
Industrial Revolution World Wars and Colonial Control Ireland
Issues
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- Economics Industry and Resources Sweden and the UK:
manufacturing Cars, aerospace industries, paper products, food
products, pharmaceuticals Natural resources: timber, fishing,
oil
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- Economics High-Tech Computer software and hardware Union or
Independence? Most nations joined the EU, but some have not
Euro
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- Culture Language and Religion Most speak a Germanic language
due to earlier invasions Reformation: Protestant and some Catholic
Theater and Film World Literature
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- Life in Northern Europe Social Welfare Money for raising
children Health care systems Health insurance programs High taxes
Food and Traditions Leisure Rugby, cricket, soccer
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- Eastern Europe
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- History Today: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia
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- History Cultural Crossroads People moved between Asia and
Europe; lots of diversity Traders, nomads, migrants, armies
Language, religion, politics, art, literature Empires Rome had
control over most of the area (100 AD) Byzantine Empire followed
Slavic groups established rule through the late 800s Ottomans later
conquered the area Eventually, Austria, Prussia, and Russia divided
up much of the territory (especially Poland)
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- Chaos in the 1900s Wars Balkan nations of Bulgaria, Greece,
Montenegro, Romania, Serbia went to war against Ottomans
Balkanization-process of a region breaking up into small, mutually
hostile units Serbia sparked WWI This lead to further breaks and
tension in the region
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- Chaos in the 1900s 1939: WWII Germany takes over Poland Soviet
Union moved through Eastern Europe Soviet Union set up satellite
nations in Eastern Europe and communist governments
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- Chaos of the 1900s Recent Changes Cold War lasted until
1989/early 1990s Satellite nations pretty much gave up their
Communist control in 1989 Instability followed, civil war escalated
in Yugoslavia
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- Economy Industry Communism: government owns all factories and
tells people what to produce Eastern European countries traded only
with Russia and each other, so there was difficulty making money
1989: move to a market economy Now many of these countries have
much better economies and are thriving
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- Economy Remaining Problems: Albanias economy growth has slowed
due to old equipment, lack of materials, less educated workers
Romanias citizens dont have money to invest in business Civil wars
of the 1990s damaged Yugoslavia and others, lots of
destruction
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- Culture Many languages Makes it difficult to unite Multiple
religions Catholicism, Eastern Orthodox, Protestant, Islam Small
Jewish population
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- Culture Art Folk art-rural people with traditional lifestyles
(not professional) Music influenced by the area and traditions
Dance
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- Modern Life Large cities do exist with thriving industry
However, the majority of the land is rural and undeveloped
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- Modern Life Conflict: Anti-Semitism Tension due to WWII and
Nazis Romany/Gypsy Democracy: Slowly developing due to
inequality