UNIT 2

INTERACTION AND

THE BODY

BODY STRUCTURE

Cell Tissue

Organ system

Organ

Organism

RECEIVING INFORMATION

Our sense organs detect information from the environment and our sensory neurons transmit this information to our brain.

FIVE SENSES

SIGHTHEARING

TASTETOUCH

SMELL

SKINMOUTH

NOSE

EAREYE

SENSE ORGAN

SIGHTeyelid

pupil

lens

iris

Optic nerveBlind spot

retina

cornea

eyelash

HEARINGSemicircular canals

Auditory canaleardrum

Three small bones

cochlea

Auditory nerve

SMELL AND TASTENerve receptors

nostrils

Tongue

Taste buds

TOUCH

Dermis

Nerves

Blood vessels

PROCESSING INFORMATION

The nervous system receives information from the five sense organs, then analyses and interprets this information. It responds by sending messages which cause the body to react.

The nervous system is made up of millions of nerve cells called neurons. It is made up of two parts:

- the central nervous system and - the peripheral nervous system. Soma

Dendrites

Axon

Cell body: soma Prolongations: Dendrites and axon.

THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

BrainSpinal cord

Nerves

Our brain sends signals to the muscles of the locomotor system to contract orelax.

GIVING A RESPONSE

IT IS MADE UP:SKELESTON: BONES

JOINTSMUSCLES

LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

THE SKELETON

SternumVertebrae(spine)

UlnaRadio

Humerus

Femur

TibiaFibula

Skull

ClavicleScapula

Rib

Pelvis

Patella

Bones – Cartilage – Joint - Ligament

The skeleton is made up of bones and cartilage.Bones are made of hard bone tissue (short and wide, flat and thin, long and strong)Cartilage is made of a more flexible tissue.

MUSCLES

MORE ORGAN SYSTEMS Apart from those organ systems, humans

need more organ system to live:CIRCULATORY SYSTEMDIGESTIVE SYSTEMRESPIRATORY SYSTEMEXCRETOR SYSTEMRERODUCTIVE SYSTEM (MALE/FEMALE)

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMThe circulatory system moves blood through the hart and round the body in the arteries and veins. Blood gives our body nutrients and oxygen.The organs that form the circulatory system are: heart, arteries and veins.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEMThe digestive system is a group of organs that work together to help us digest food.The organs of the digestive system are: mouth, stomach and intestine.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system is a group of organs that work together to help us breathe.

We breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.

The organs of the respiratory system are: nose, mouth and lungs.

EXCRETOR SYSTEMThe excretory system is a group of organs that work together to eliminate useless products from cells.

The organs of the excretory system are: kidney, ureter and bladder.

RERODUCTIVE SYSTEM (MALE)

The reproductive system is necessary for every human being to produce children, but in order to continue our human species.There are two reproductive systems: male reproductive system and female reproductive system.The organs of the male reproductive system are: prostate and testis.

RERODUCTIVE SYSTEM (FEMALE)

The organs of the female reproductive system are: uterus and ovary.