Unit 1 Unit 1

Project

Producing a TV show

Seaweeds can produce various chemicals that help keep the sea water clean.

Shark attacks

• Shark Species

Whale shark

Basking shark Great white shark

Tiger shark

Blue shark

• What are Sharks? Sharks are fish that have been around since the dinosaurs. Males are called “Bulls” .

• Females are called "Cows" .

• Baby Sharks are called "Pups”.

• Other shark facts • Sharks have five to seven gill slits.

Many sharks must keep moving in order to breathe that is, in order to keep water moving past their gill slits but this is not true of all species. Nurse sharks, for example, can lie still and fan their gills to bring oxygen-rich water across the slits. Because they lack a swim bladder, all sharks must swim in order to avoid sinking toward the ocean floor.

• The shark has senses specially adapted for the animal's life underwater. Smell is a shark's most acute sense. Approximately 70 percent of the shark's brain is used for smelling functions. Experiments have shown that sharks can detect prey solely by smell, and the hungrier the shark, the less stimulant needed to elicit a reaction.

• Sharks are sensitive to light and can detect certain objects even in murky water. Some have a tapetum lucidum, a mirror like layer under the retina of the eye that reflects incoming light and increases the amount of light available to the eye. (Cats and other animals whose eyes "glow in the dark" also have this feature.)

• Sharks do have ears, but the role of hearing in the shark's location of prey is not well understood. A shark can detect sound waves and disturbances in the water with its lateral line, or lateralis, system. This is a series of thin canals, filled with water, that runs along the animal's side. The canals are attached to nerves that send signals to the shark's brain.

• Sharks can also sense electric and magnetic fields. Sensory pores located on the shark's head can detect a prey's bioelectric field even if the prey is buried in sand. A shark can also detect the Earth's magnetic field. Open-ocean sharks may use this information to navigate and orient themselves. 

Fast reading :

1. What do you know about sharks? 2. How many different types of sharks

are there in the ocean?3. Do all of them attack humans? 4. How to avoid being attacked by

sharks?5. What are their unique senses?

Second reading:

• Read the text again and try to find out the main idea of each paragraph.

Paragraph 1: There are nearly 400 types of sharks.

Paragraph 2: Sharks do not feed on humans.

Paragraph 3: There are three types of shark attacks.

Paragraph 4: Four pieces of advice to avoid shark attacks

Paragraph 5 An increase in water sports has led to an increase in shark attacks.

Paragraph 6: There are three tips on what to do if a shark attacks.

Paragraph 7: Do not be frightened by sharks.

Detailed reading

• Three fierce sharks :

Fill in the information

the great white shark

the tiger shark

the bull shark

Four pieces of advice to avoid shark attacks:

• Don’t swim in the dark.

• Don’t swim if you are cut or if you have a fresh wound.

• Don’t wear bright clothing or jewellery.

• Try and stay in groups.

Three tips to help you if a shark attacks you

• Don’t panic.

• Hit the shark on the nose.

• Stick your finger in the shark’s eye.

Language focus

I’m sure you are clever enough to work them out ！

I’m sure you are clever enough to work them out ！

1.He has much _______ of winning the first prize.

2. The chances are a hundred to one against you, it’s most ______ that you will succeed.

3. What does the little dog chiefly _____ _____?

4. Don’t hit him ____ ____ head!5. Why not wear some flowers instead of _____ when you go to the ball?

chance

unlikely

feed on

on thejewellery

1.mainly because2.the chances of being attacked3. compared to4.the low number5.feed on6. be fit to do7.the latter two 8.have a fresh wound9.be more likely to be deadly10.over a long distance11.wear bright clothing or jewellery12.hit the shark on the nose13.stick your finger in the shark’s eye14.times greater

Practice

Summarize the text

Types of sharks

Advice on reducing the chances of being attacked

The tips to help you when attacked

Introducing the project:

Producing a TV show about how an animal uses its senses.

Planning

•Get into groups(6-8).•Decide which animal to focus on.

•Clear assignments.

The animal’s name

It’s unique sense

Decide what type of show :A documentary, a drama, a cartoon, other show

Clear assignments

• Each member picks a different topic to find information about

• Food( what the animal eats)

• Habitat(where the animal lives)

• Size(size of the animal or population)

• Myths about this animal(what people think)

Preparing Visit a zoo , watch an animal documentary,look

at books, surf the Internet……to find information about the animal.

What it eats and how it finds food in the wildHow it protects itselfHow it communicates with other animalsHow it attacks people or other animals (if it does)

How it helps people or other animals (if it does)

Producing1. Focus your research on how your animal uses its senses.2. TV is very visual so pictures should be presented in an easy to see way.3. Each member must work on different part of the show, keeping in mind the overall design.4. Each member has to proofread the writin at least once, correct mistakes if there are any, and add any new ideas they can think of.

Presenting

• Present your show to the class.• Put you display on the display

wall.

Homework

1.Do Parts partA, B and C on page 90 in Workbook.

2.Review words and phrases in this unit.

Thank you!