Unit 1 Matter

“If we all did the things we are capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves.”

Thomas A. Edison

Matter:

• Has mass

• Takes up space

What types of matter are there?

Does it matter?

A grocery store is organized

How is matter organized?

Start like thisHow is matter organized?

Phases of matter

Phases of matter

• Solid• Liquid• Gas

Phases of matter

• Solid• Liquid• Gas

…best defined on substances—mixtures are harder to classify.

Phases of matterVolume Shape

Solid Definite Definite

Liquid Definite Indefinite

Gas Indefinite Indefinite

Phases of matterVolume Shape

Solid Definite Definite

Liquid Definite Indefinite

Gas Indefinite IndefiniteDepends on temperature

Properties

• You can describe a sample of matter by describing its properties.

• Chemical properties describe the types of chemical reactions it can undergo.

• Physical properties are all other properties.

Types of Matter

• All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances

Types of Matter

• All matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances

• A mixture can be separated using physical changes. No new substances are formed

• A substance cannot be separated by physical means

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances• A substance is either an element or a

compound.

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substances• A substance is either an element or a

compound.• An element is composed of identical

atoms• A compound is composed of atoms of

different elements chemically bonded

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.• An element can be a metal or a nonmetal

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.• An element can be a metal or a nonmetal

• Metals are on the left of the periodic chart

• Nonmetals are on the right

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetal• A compound is either ionic or covalent

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetal• A compound is either ionic or covalent• An ionic compound has a metal and a

nonmetal — an ionic bond is formed by the transfer of electrons

• A covalent compound has nonmetal atoms only —covalent bonds are the sharing of electrons

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetalA compound is either ionic or covalent• A mixture is either homogeneous or

heterogeneous

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetalA compound is either ionic or covalent• A mixture is either homogeneous or

heterogeneous• A homogeneous mixture is called a

solution—has the same composition throughout

• A heterogeneous mixture has chunks.

Types of MatterAll matter is either a substance or a mixture of substancesA substance is either an element or a compound.An element can be a metal or a nonmetalA compound is either ionic or covalentA mixture is either homogeneous or heterogeneous

TypesMatter

TypesMatter

SubstanceMixture

TypesMatter

SubstanceMixture

CompoundElement

TypesMatter

SubstanceMixture

CompoundElement

Metal Nonmetal

TypesMatter

SubstanceMixture

CompoundElement

Metal Nonmetal Ionic

Molecular

TypesMatter

SubstanceMixture

CompoundElement

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

Metal Nonmetal Ionic

Molecular

TypesMatter

SubstanceMixture

CompoundElement

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

Metal Nonmetal Ionic

Molecular

What type of matter?

barium chlorine gas tin (II) chloride

sulfur dioxide water Gatorade

wood solid sulfur silver (I) oxide

air barium sulfide tossed salad

sodium oxide sulfuric acid ammonia

brass stainless steel salt water

18k gold nitrogen dioxide

Physical properties

Physical properties

• melting point• boiling point• shape • luster• size of pieces• crystal

structure

• hardness• malleability• ductility• density• color• mass

• volatility• state• temperature• conductivity• magnetism• volume• solubility

How would you separate…

• A mixture can be separated into its components by physical means.

• A compound can be separated into simpler substances by chemical means only

How would you separate…

…the two components of saltwater?

Contents:

Salt and water!

How would you separate…

• By evaporating or boiling off the water, leaving the salt

• The hydrogen and oxygen in H2O or the sodium and chlorine in NaCl can be separated only by chemical reactions!

How would you separate…• …answers might include…

VaporizingSortingDistillingDissolvingLiquefyingFilteringFreezing….

…all physical changes

How would you separate…

1) A solution of alcohol and water?2) Mud (water and silt)?3) A mixture of chalk dust and water?4) A mixture of chalk dust and powdered

sugar?5) Beans and rice?6) Ripe and unripe tomatoes?7) The carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide?

Chemical Reactions

• When a chemical reaction occurs

new substances are formed!

For example

• Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!)

• We write:

H2O H2 + O2

For example

• Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!)

• We write:

H2O H2 + O2

“forms” “and”

For example

• Water can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen gas (by chemical means only!)

• We write:

H2O H2 + O2

Or, better yet2 H2O2 H2 + O2

For example

2 H2O2 H2 + O2

• The water is gone

• The new hydrogen and oxygen gasses have new chemical and physical properties

Watch

Watch

Watch

Watch

Watch

2 H2O 2 H2 + O2

2 H2O22 H2O + O2

(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)

2 H2O22 H2O + O2

(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)

2 H2O22 H2O + O2

(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)

2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2

First rule of reactions!

• Matter is neither created, nor destroyed.

• The mass before the reaction is the same as the mass after the reaction

First rule of reactions!

• Matter is neither created, nor destroyed.

• The mass before the reaction is the same as the mass after the reaction

• This is called the law of conservation of mass

2 H2O22 H2O + O2

Reactants Products

2 H2O22 H2O + O2

(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)

Reactants Products

2 H2O22 H2O + O2

(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)

Reactants Products

Same atoms = same mass(hydrogen peroxide forms water & oxygen gas)

Reactants Products