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UKHanUngKyu HanSystem Dynamics
UngKyu Han
Dr. Martin Kunc
5th April 2011
YOR Conference, Nottingham University
Key words: system dynamics, philosophy, mental model, regional innovation system
Philosophical Insights in System Modelling
: Application to the Field of Innovation Systems
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UKHanUngKyu HanSystem Dynamics
6. Conclusions
2. Background
4. Previous Investigations
5. Applied to Innovation Systems
1. To Be Thought
3. Philosophy, Mental Model, and System Dynamics
CONTENTS
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“Is the Earth central? or part of the solar system?”
1. TO BE THOUGHT
To argue the need to establish a dualistic philosophical view of a
system in system dynamics modelling
“How should we observe systems?”
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1) System Dynamics
(1) Modern SD initiatives
- Industrial Dynamics written by J. Forrester (1961)
- Ranging from pure sciences to social sciences, and from mathematical
areas to non-mathematical ones
(2) Intends to…
- Discover the internal interactions and feedback processes that take
place between diverse constituent factors within complex systems
- Look into how changes in such elements cause expected or unexpected
consequences within the systems modelled
2. BACKGROUND
UKHanUngKyu HanSystem Dynamics
2) Is System Dynamics a Tool, a Methodology, or a Paradigm?
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“Without a clearly communicated philosophy, there is nothing to separate
the subject from the simulation technique it uses.”, Morecroft (1983) says.
Graphical interface, modelling, computer
simulation and application software
Paradigm in problem-solving areas of
management sciences
UKHanUngKyu HanSystem Dynamics
3. PHILOSOPHY, MENTAL MODEL AND SD
1) What is philosophy?
- A Greek ‘Philosophia’
- ‘Love of wisdom’: subjective thoughts of human beings.
2) Are Scientists Objective?
- Not ‘unbiased observers’; rather, fallible beings
- Scientific ‘observations’ cannot be totally neutral
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“Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”
3) Mental Model
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4) Mental Model in System Dynamics
In dealing with feedback problems within a system
(1) In defining feedback problems
(3) In interpreting feedback problems
(2) In analysing feedback problems
(4) In solving feedback problems
∴For System Dynamicists
In the process of systemic problem generation, philosophical thinking
is necessary in the description of internal behaviours within a system.
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4. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS
Constructivism
Reductionism
Holism
Expressivism
Interpretivism Positivism
Schiere et al., 1999
Rafferty, 2007
Vázquez and Liz, 2007
Schwaninger, 2006
- WHY NOT Synthetic Dualism of Philosophies?
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3) Perception of a System by Philosophy
PHILOSOPHY
CRITERION
Constructivism, Interpretivism ,
Holism, and Expressivism
Reductionism and Positivism
Main Object A whole system Constituent elements
Logical Stream Top-down Bottom-up
System Definition More than the sum of parts Just the sum of parts
Problem Definition A whole problem of a system Sub-problems of elements
Goal Definition No common goal Common goals of components
Context and Observer
Variability
Variant context and observer Static context and observer
Sensitivity to Changes Sensitive to the changes in internal
properties
Not sensitive to the changes in
internal properties
Interpretation
Flexibility
Flexible, inferential, pragmatic, and
contextual
Inflexible, concrete, ideal, and non-
contextual
Synthetic view
A whole- or sub-system (s)
Top-down or bottom-up
More than or just the sum of parts
A whole- or sub-problems of a
system
Non-common or common goals
of sub-systems
Variant or static context and
observer
Sensitive or non-sensitive to
changes of internal properties in
a system
Flexible or inflexible, inferential or
concrete, pragmatic or ideal, and
contextual or contextual
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1) Innovation System
: An agglomeration of innovation actors to stimulate their
innovation and business within a geographical area
5. Applied to Innovation Systems
UKHanUngKyu HanSystem Dynamics
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2) From National to Regional Innovation System
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 now
Shift from NIS to RISEnd of Korean War
End of the 2nd World War
1945
Japan’s EconomicGrowth
US Support
Japanese GovernmentEconomic
Interventionism
Nation-wideBusiness Support
Serious Disparitiesamong Regions
NIS's World-wideSpread
Clearer Management ofRelative Dynamics by
Region
Need for InstitutionallyLocalised
Technology-based Systems
The Rise of EUin 1993
European Currencyinto EURO in 1995
1953
National Innovation System Regional Innovation System
UKHanUngKyu HanSystem Dynamics
3) Features of Innovation System
- Evolutionary being
- Continuous production of feedback problems
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4) Philosophy-Mental Model-Views of a System
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Region-oriented View Nation-oriented View
Philosophy Constructivism, interpretivism,holism, and expressivism
Reductionism and positivism
Main Object RIS as a whole system A nation-dependent constituent unit
Logical Stream Local government’s top-downinnovation policies
Local government’s bottom-upinnovation policies for a national agenda
SystemDefinition
More than the aggregation of localinnovative actors
Just the sum of local innovative actors
ProblemDefinition
Regional innovationproblems/challenges as a wholesystem
Sub-problems of regions affectingnational innovation problems/challenges
Goal Definition Regional development as an idealgoal of a local unit
Sub-objectives of regions to achieve anideal whole development of a nation
Context andObserverVariability
Variant innovation contexts andlocalised innovation views of aregion; self-regulating innovationmechanisms in a big picture ofnational innovation policies
Fixed innovation contexts and localisedinnovation views of a region; innovationmechanisms tied within given nationalinnovation policies
Sensitivity toChanges
Sensitive to the changes of localinnovation properties
Not sensitive to the changes of localinnovation properties
InterpretationFlexibility
Context-based flexible politicalresponse to variable regionalsituations
Non-context-based static politicalresponse to given national innovationpolicies
Region-Nation Synthetic View
Dualism of philosophical threads
Different observing target by contextaround a region
Mixture of local government’s top-down policies for regional objectivesand bottom-up policies for nationalgoals by regional context
Different definition of the scale,range, and roles of a RIS by regionalcontext
Different definition of the influencingrange of problems and requiredsolutions by regional context
Different goal definition by regionalcontext
Flexible variability by contexts arounda region and subjectivity ofobservers; flexible construction andoperation of innovation mechanismsby regional context
Flexible sensitivity level to thedynamics of regional innovationproperties by regional context
Variant flexibility of response toregional context
UKHanUngKyu HanSystem Dynamics
6. CONCLUSIONS
1) Philosophical thinking for system dynamicists to implement a more
thoughtful problem-solving process, and for outside experts to
acknowledge SD as a paradigm in the management sciences
2) ‘Constructivism, interpretivism, holism, and expressivism’ versus
‘reductionism and positivism’, and ‘synthetic dualism’
3) A region-oriented view, a nation-oriented view, and a region-nation
synthetic view
4) Philosophical views of a system remain highly influential in defining
and observing systemic problems in the innovation system and in
developing and implementing managerial regional innovation policies.
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME.
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For more information, please contact UngKyu Han
at ungkyuhan@gmail.com