Post on 30-May-2018
Underwater Acoustics; Buoy Noise:
A Final Report
Prepared for: MSC Summer Research Institute
Prepared by: Christina Hoy, University of Alaska Anchorage Student
Shir Pilosof, Stevens Student Eric Baskayan, Stevens Student Luciano Triolo, Stevens Student Shicong Hao, Stevens Student Ahsan Shahab, Stevens Student
July 28, 2016
"Written and presented with the
support of the Maritime Security Center, A Department of Homeland Security Science
and Technology Center of Excellence."
Abstract
The Underwater Acoustics; Buoy Noise team worked to determine the feasibility of placing an underwater hydrophone system on an existing Aid to Navigation (ATON) buoy. Uses of this system would include safety and security features for the Department of Homeland Security. In order to determine the feasibility, the team conducted two field experiments deploying acoustic systems at two locations. The first location was the Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) and produced limited data because the system’s SD card was faulty. Failure in the system prompted the team to design a more reliable self-sustained buoy system that has the ability to communicate with the user to ensure the system is working properly. The second experiment on the Hudson River provided the team with a lot of data surrounding how much noise a buoy makes in the water. Using a LabVIEW program, the team analyzed the two systems that were deployed, seeking the difference between the hydrophone placed close the buoy and the hydrophone placed toward the river bed. Based on the conducted research, the spar buoy makes negligible noise and a hydrophone system could successfully be placed on this system. Recommended research includes placing a hydrophone system close to an ATON buoy in harsher weather conditions.
Table of Contents
Introduction 2 ...................................................................................................................................
Methodology 3 ...................................................................................................................................
Task 1 USMMA Experiment 3 ................................................................................................
Task 2 Buoy Design 3 .............................................................................................................
Task 3 Hudson River Experiment 4 ........................................................................................
Results/Discussion/Analysis 6 ..........................................................................................................
Task 1 USMMA Experiment 6 ................................................................................................
Task 2 Buoy Design 6 .............................................................................................................
Task 3 Hudson River Experiment 10 ......................................................................................
Conclusion 13 ....................................................................................................................................
Recommendation 14 .........................................................................................................................
References 15 .....................................................................................................................................
Appendices 16 ...................................................................................................................................
Appendix A (Solar Panel Information) 16 ..............................................................................
Appendix B (Battery Information) 17 .....................................................................................
Appendix C (Buoy Components) 18 ........................................................................................
Appendix D (Buoy Bill of Materials) 21 .................................................................................
Appendix E (USMMA BBBL) 25 ............................................................................................
Appendix F (Hudson River BBBL) 28 ....................................................................................
Appendix G (Hudson River Picture Reference) 32 .................................................................
Appendix H (Additional Data Clips) 55 .................................................................................
Appendix I (USMMA Test Plan) 58 ........................................................................................
Appendix J (Hudson River Test Plan)) 53 ..............................................................................
Table of Figures
1 (Integrated Buoy System) 8 ...........................................................................................................................2 (Inside 55- Gallon Drum) 9 ...........................................................................................................................3 (Hydrophone Frame) 9 ..................................................................................................................................4 (Battery Container) 9 .....................................................................................................................................5 (Microcomputer/ DAQ Enclosure) 9 .............................................................................................................6 (Solar Panel Array) 9 .....................................................................................................................................7 (Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Frame in Calm Environment) 10 ..............................................................8 (Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Surface in Calm Environment) 10 ............................................................9 (Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Line in Calm Environment) 11 .................................................................10 (GPS Path of the Phoenix Passing Hydrophone on Frame) 11 ....................................................................H1 (GPS Path of Phoenix) 55 ...........................................................................................................................H2 (Spectrogram of Phoenix Passing Hydrophone on Frame) 55 ...................................................................H3 (Spectrogram of Phoenix Passing Hydrophone on Surface) 56 .................................................................H4 (Spectrogram of Phoenix Passing Hydrophone on Line) 56 ......................................................................H5 (Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Frame with Vessel Movement) 56 .........................................................H6 (Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Surface with Vessel Movement) 57 .......................................................H7 (Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Line with Vessel Movement) 57 ............................................................J1 (Buoy Locations on Hudson) 61 ..................................................................................................................J2 (Research Vessel Path 1) 61 .........................................................................................................................J3 (Research Vessel Path 2) 61 .........................................................................................................................J4 (Hydrophone Location on Line) 62 .............................................................................................................
List of Tables
A1 (Solar Panel Array Information) 16 ............................................................................................................A2 (Time to Fully Charge Battery) 16 ..............................................................................................................B1 (Battery Capacity) 17 ..................................................................................................................................C1 (Buoy Components) 18 ...............................................................................................................................D1 (Bill of Materials) 21 ..................................................................................................................................E1 (USMMA BBBL) 25 ...................................................................................................................................F1 (Hudson River BBBL) 28 ...........................................................................................................................G1 (Hudson River Picture Reference) 32 .........................................................................................................
1
2
Introduction
During June and July of 2016, the team researched a passive underwater acoustic system
on a buoy for maritime security use. This research was funded by the Department of Homeland
Security and Maritime Security Center at Stevens Institute of Technology. The project focused on
profiling environmental noise which affects underwater passive acoustic systems used for safety
and security surveillance and the feasibility of attaching such systems on an existing ATON buoy.
This was accomplished by deploying acoustic systems at various points of interest and recording
environmental noise. The research team gathered data from other sensors at the Maritime
Security Laboratory including radar, Electro Optic Infrared (EO/IR) cameras, and Automatic
Identification System (AIS) to provide ground truth information for the acoustic analysis.
The result of the research could help improve maritime safety and security. The passive
acoustic system was able to detect different noises underwater and identify them. With this
capability, it could help to avoid terrorist attacks such as the USS Cole bombing. The passive
acoustic system could be easily deployed near ports. By detecting and recording ships moving
by, identification of suspicious vessels can be completed before entering the port. Deploying
underwater passive acoustic system on the sea can detect irregular boats that may smuggle drugs.
The team consisted of six students and two mentors. The mentors are Blaise Linn and
Hasan Shahid from the Maritime Security Center at Stevens Institute of Technology. The team
members represented a variety of course studies. Ashan Shahab is an undergraduate Computer
Engineering student at The Stevens Institute of Technology. Christina Hoy is a Civil Engineering
student at The University of Alaska Anchorage. Eric Baskayan is an undergraduate Electrical
Engineering student at Stevens. Luciano Triolo is an undergraduate Mechanical Engineering
student at Stevens. Shir Pilosof is an undergraduate Mechanical Engineering student at Stevens.
Shicong Hao is a graduate Ocean Engineering student at Stevens. Blaise and Hasan have worked
for the MSC for several years so they used their experience to guide the team on the right track.
In the following sections, there is information on research methodology, specific results
from research, the analysis of data, the conclusion found after analyzing the data, followed by
some recommendations for the passive acoustic system.
3
Methodology
In order to determine the feasibility of attaching a hydrophone system to an existing ATON buoy,
the team separated the project into three tasks.
1. USMMA Experiment
2. Designing a more reliable system
3. Hudson River Experiment
Task 1 – USMMA Experiment
The team traveled to the United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) to acquire
some data towards the project. Once on site at the USMMA the team rendezvoused with Carolyn
Thornton for assistance in launching the system and creating a baseline in noise frequency
through the ship. The system consisted of two hydrophones connected on opposite ends of a
cross shaped frame. The system was then attached by rope to a spar buoy to allow for easy
tracking and removal, all of which was anchored by cinderblocks. The acoustic device was
anchored in place approximately 5 meters from a buoy and left to record data for five hours. The
deployment vessel then performed a series of maneuvers around the buoy and then returned to
shore. Three hours later the system was moved to the second location, about 300 meters from the
buoy and the maneuvers were repeated. A log was created to keep track of all the boats that
traveled by the buoy while it was recording in the water including pictures of the individual
vessels. This log was used as a reference for acoustic signatures that would be heard on the
recording in order to isolate the potential noise made by the buoy. The experiment plan for this
event can be found in Appendix I.
Task 2 - Designing the Buoy
After returning from the USMMA, the team sought to create a new more efficient design
for the underwater acoustic system previously used in the USMMA experiment. The new design
would have communication capabilities so the user knows the system is recording and in
working order while it is deployed. The team separated out into three sub-teams that focused on 4
the pillars of the design. A team was designated for solar panel design, battery design, and
computer system design based on individual experience.
The battery design team first determined the power consumption of all the components
this system would include. Components included the RockBLOCK+ satellite, Banana Pi Pro
Microcomputer, Data Acquisition (DAQ), and hydrophones. Using the found power
consumption, the total power to keep the system running for two days of autonomy was
calculated and a lithium ion battery was chosen.
Once the power consumption and battery were determined, the solar panel design team
did baseline research on marine solar panels. Based on the research a series of different arrays
were analyzed based on cost, time to fully charge the battery, and array configuration to find the
best choice for the system.
In order to be able to communicate with the new system, the computer design team
worked to integrate the Banana Pi Pro and the RockBLOCK+ system. The team worked to
program the microcomputer using the Python programming language to have it communicate
with the satellite. Communications would include instructions on when to send a transmission,
when to rest, and when to receive commands from the command center. The team also set up the
satellite system to test communication transmissions.
Task 3 – Hudson River Experiment
The team corresponded with Omar Lopez-Feliciano who piloted the boat RV Phoenix to
deploy two systems in the Hudson River in front of the Babbio Center. The first system deployed
included one hydrophone attached midway between the spar buoy and the river floor. The second
system deployed included two hydrophones placed near the river floor which served as a
baseline for underwater noise surrounding the systems. The research vessel did a series of
maneuvers around the deployed systems in order to have a baseline of acoustic data. Collected
data included acoustic data from the hydrophones, video data from three cameras placed at two
separate locations, a photo log of passing ships, and a written log of passing ships. The cameras
5
were placed on the sixth floor Babbio patio and the Frank Sinatra Pier. The data recorded focused
on the noise surrounding the deployed spar buoy.
In order to organize the data, the first step was to combine the written log of passing ships
and the photo log into a joint document organized by time. Once the logs were combined, the
team worked to find acoustic signatures of the ships on the acoustic data. The acoustic data was
processed and analyzed using a LabVIEW program. While in the LabVIEW program, the team
assessed the data through the use of spectrogram. A spectrogram is a visual representation of the
frequencies in sound signals. The outputs are displayed with frequencies on the vertical axis and
time on the horizontal axis. The data from the two buoys were analyzed separately in order to see
if the buoy in question made noise that the hydrophone systems could detect. The experiment
plan for this event can be found in Appendix J.
6
Results
This section will present the results of the team’s research. The results are defined by the
previous three tasks.
Task 1 – USMMA Experiment
Although the deployment of the system was completed successfully, there was an
unforeseen issue. The SD card used in the recorder was faulty and the system did not record any
data once deployed in the water. This left the team with no tangible data, but the need to design
an integrated system that would be more reliable and had the ability to communicate with the
user.
Task 2 – Designing the Buoy
The battery design team found the individual components power usage and combined
them to determine the total power consumption of the system.
The total power consumption of the system was found to be 6.13 watts with a daily watt
usage of 80.8 watt-hours per day. In order to size a battery, the team found the total watt
hours being a 325-watt hour capacity. To provide the system with power the team decided to
use three Tenergy Lithium ion batteries with a 14.8 V capacity.
Component Power Usage
RockBLOCK+ (Transmitting) 2.88 Watts
RockBLOCK+ (Resting) 0.06 Watts
Data Acquisition (DAQ) 1.05 Watts
Banana Pi Pro 2.13 Watts
Hydrophone 0.0015 Watts
7
In order to determine what solar panel was needed to power the system, the team
researched the steps needed to size a solar panel. The first step is to determine the inverter
size which is found by the peak load or maximum wattage of the system. The battery team
had found this number to be 6.13 watts. The next step is to determine the daily energy use
which was found to be 80.8 watt-hours. Days of autonomy were determined to be two days,
with a battery bank capacity that needed to provide for this amount of time.
The team came up with five different potential arrays of solar panels composed of
different sizes and wattages.
• (Six) 6 Watt Solar Panels • (Four) 12 Watt Solar Panels • (One) 30 Watt Solar Panels • (One) 40 Watt Solar Panels • (One) 55 Watt Solar Panels
While researching the team determined that the most efficient way to install solar panels
is in true array so that partial shadowing from passing ships or other sources does not
completely block the solar energy. This limited the potential arrays to the (six) 6-watt and the
(four) 12-watt. When the time taken to fully charge the battery was taken into consideration
the (four) 12-watt solar panel array was chosen with the shortest charge time.
In designing the buoy, the team determined the best way to build the buoy was with a
plastic 55-gallon drum. Plastic can be submerged in the ocean water and does not carry
environmental restrictions. In order to create ballast the drum will have to be filled 0.3 m
with concrete. The concrete will have to be sealed with Hycrete, a waterproofing solution so
it does not take in water. For additional ballast the batteries enclosed in the waterproof
container will be placed inside the drum. There will be a superstructure placed on top of the
drum that represents a pyramid shape. This pyramid shape was designed at a 33-degree angle
which was determined to be the optimum angle for solar energy in the New York and New
Jersey area according to the latitude. This structure will also hold the Amber light, satellite,
8
and the Wi-Fi antenna. The wires from the solar panels will run through the drum, run
through the battery container, and follow the anchor rope out of the bottom where it will
connect to the waterproof container containing the microcomputer and charge controller.
9
Figure 1 - Integrated Buoy System
Solar Panel Frame
55 Gallon Drum
Anchor Line
Anchor
Numbers on image corresponds to a list of components found in Appendix C.
10
Figure 2 - Inside 55- Gallon Drum
Figure 3 - Hydrophone Frame
Figure 4 – Battery Container
Figure 5 – Microcomputer/DAQ
Figure 6 – Solar Panel Array
55 Gallon Drum
Battery Enclosure
Concrete
Charge Regulator
Battery Enclosure
Battery
Waterproof Enclosure
Hydrophone
Hydrophone Frame
Waterproof Enclosure
Marine Wi-Fi
Amber LEDRockBLOCK+
Solar Panel
Solar Panel Frame
Task 3 – Hudson River Experiment
After a successful deployment and retrieval of both systems, 5 hours of acoustic data was accrued for analysis, along with relevant video footage, GPS data of the RV Phoenix, and a log of passing ships during the course of the experiment.
Using the LabVIEW Signal Analyzer, the team observed the acoustic data to determine if the buoy made enough noise to prevent the hydrophones from detecting other signatures. During periods of relative calm where no ships or helicopters were passing by, the only signatures detected on the spectrograms was the environmental noise of the moving water. The sharp peaks seen are speculated to be caused by the hydrophones hitting the line they were attached to. This occurrence happens frequently, but does not prevent the hydrophones from picking up other signatures.
! Figure 7: Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Frame in calm environment
!
Figure 8: Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Surface in calm environment
11
! Figure 9: Spectrogram of Hydrophone on Line in calm environment
The team then compared this instance of relative calm to one where the RV Phoenix approaches these systems at high speeds. Around the time the vessel drives by the hydrophone, the difference is clear as a large peak is visible around the time the RV Phoenix passes each system. The difference can also be visible in lower frequencies where environmental noise exists.
! Figure 10: GPS path of the Phoenix passing X
12
The team also looked at other instances where traffic was high around the systems, using the log as a supplement. In each case, acoustic signatures were clearly visible from the various vehicles passing by as shown in Appendix (H). Despite the considerably larger distance that these ships are from the acoustics systems compared to the RV Phoenix during its path, the hydrophones were still able to pick up the noise these vessels were creating.
Overall, it is evident that the noise of the spar buoy is negligible and does not inhibit a hydrophone system from detecting various acoustic signatures. However, this hydrophone system should be tested on a much larger ATON buoy for the team to conclusively say that a hydrophone system can be functional near one. This experiment was also conducted in a fairly calm environment, resulting in much less noise compared to a larger channel where the current would create much more noise. Simply put, the difference between this experiment’s quiet setting compared to the suggested placement of a possible hydrophone system on an ATON buoy is too large and further experiments would be needed to confirm the feasibility of using this hydrophone system.
13
Conclusions
After conducting an experiment on the Hudson River, the team concluded that it is possible to record accurate acoustic data when attaching hydrophones to spar buoys. Acoustic signatures of vessels were detected by the buoy systems. The most accurate data was collected from the hydrophone that was connected to the frame laying on the river floor. More research has to be performed in harsher environments as well with noise making buoys in order to conclude that attaching hydrophones to ATON buoys will produce usable data. The current system is unstable and leaves researchers no way of knowing if data was collected until after the experiment is completed. The design provided by the team is higher functioning and can be left in the water for longer periods of time.
14
Recommendation
The instability of the system used during the Merchant Marine Academy experiment at Kings Point proved to be an unreliable tool for gathering underwater acoustic information. The team concluded that a new system needed to be built in order to conduct a successful experiment. By adding various components to the previous system, the improved design allows for researchers to communicate with the system while deployed.
To increase reliability of data collection, the team recommends the designed buoy system be built and used in further research. The recommended design includes various combined materials to make a self-sustaining research buoy. In addition to being a self-sustainable system, various components were added to the design to increase its functionality. These components include a 55-gallon drum, an aluminum alloy superstructure, and amber LED light, a solar panel array, a Banana Pi microprocessor, a DAQ, and lithium ion batteries. Communication with the device, while it is deployed, will be possible due to the marine wireless receiving system, and the RockBLOCK+.
Based on the data collected during the experiment on the Hudson River, the team recommends that further research be conducted. Although the acoustic signatures collected during the experiment were accurate, the buoys were placed in relatively quiet surroundings. In future experiments, the buoys should be placed in harsher environment with a faster current and greater wave height. In addition to being placed in rougher seas, the hydrophones should be attached to a noise making buoy. This includes gongs and bells that are normally found on ATON buoys.
The team also recommends that future research be completed regarding the best position of the hydrophone system on the line. Although the research showed that the hydrophone system on the frame made less noise than that connected directly on the line, a more focused experiment should be devoted to this idea.
15
Bibliography
"All-Battery.com - Rechargeable Batteries & Chargers." All-Battery.com - Rechargeable Batteries & Chargers. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2016.
"Buoys That ANT LIS Maintain." USCG Aids to Navigation Team, Long Island Sound. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 June 2016.
"Calculating the Kilowatt Hours Your Solar Panels Produce - Understand Solar." Understand Solar Calculating the Kilowatt Hours Your Solar Panels Produce Comments. N.p., 2015. Web. 25 June 2016.
"Click on Our Free Solar Estimator to Do an Accurate Solar Cost Benefit Analysis." Solar Power Returns|Solar Calculations| Benefits from Installing Solar Panels. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2016.
"Hycrete Applications." Hycrete Inc Marine Structures Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2016.
"Lights On Solar." Lights On Solar. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2016.
"Rock Seven | Truly Global GPS Tracking and Messaging Systems Using Iridium Satellite | RockBLOCK." Rock Seven | Truly Global GPS Tracking and Messaging Systems Using Iridium Satellite | RockBLOCK. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2016.
"Solar Battery Charging." Solar Battery Charging. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2016.
"Solar Info: The Down Low on Everything Up High." BatteryStuff Articles. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2016.
"SolarLand 20W 12V." SolarLand 20W 12V. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 June 2016.
16
Appendix A Solar Panel Information
! Table A1 – Solar Panel Array Options
! Table A2 – Time to fully Charge Battery
17
18
Appendix B Battery Information
! Table B1 – Battery Capacity Table
19
Appendix C Buoy Components
Item Number
Item Name Description Picture
1 Frame Specifically designed at a 33° angle for solar panel
configuration. Composed of aluminum alloy 6061 for
durability in harsh ocean water conditions.
2 55 Gallon Drum
Plastic drum with closing lid. Will be filled 0.3 m with concrete for
ballast and will house the waterproof battery enclosure.
3 Anchor For a cost effective solution, four cinder blocks will anchor the system to the ocean floor.
4 Anchor Line Moors buoy to anchor. No Photo
5 Hydrophone Frame
Deployed vertically and opens arms as it descends into the
water.
6 Waterproof Enclosure
Houses Banana Pi controller and DAQ.
Table C1 – Buoy Components
7 Hydrophone A microphone that detects acoustic signatures underwater. Will detect the information and
sent it to the DAQ.
!
!
!
!
!
!
20
8 Solar Panel The solar panel array will consist of (4) 12-Watt solar panels that are rated for marine use. This
array allows for the battery bank to be fully charged in ten hours.
9 RockBLOCK+ A satellite that operates on the Iridium Satellite constellation.
User is charged for each transmission but allows user to get immediate feedback from
system.
10 Marine Wi-Fi The Wi-Fi antenna allows user to calibrate the system and
troubleshoot potential issues remotely.
11 Amber LED Buoy systems must have a light for use during night. The color
amber notes it as research buoy so it does not get confused by
ships as a navigation buoy.
12 DAQ Used to translate information from the hydrophones to the
Banana Pi Pro.
13 Banana Pi Pro A microcomputer that serves as the brain of the system, relays
the information to the satellite to be transmitted.
14 Battery Enclosure
Houses batteries and charge regulator.
15 Concrete Serves as ballast for the system. No Photo
16 Charge Regulator
Monitors battery life and charge; ensures battery does not get
overcharged.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
21
Appendix D Buoy Bill of Materials
17 Battery Three 10,400 mAH Li-Ion batteries that will be used to
store power generated by the solar panels. This energy will
then be used to power the system autonomously.
!
Item Total Cost Quantity Cost
12 W Marine Grade Solar Panel (4) $620.00 4 $155.00
22
*H1a Hydrophone (4) $516.00 4 $129.00
*High Speed DAQ Device (1) $499.00 1 $499.00
Li-Ion 10,400mAh Battery (3) $419.97 3 $139.99
Wireless Receiving System (1) $325.00 1 $325.00
*RockBLOCK+ (1) $232.00 1 $232.00
Solar Charge Controller (1) $180.00 1 $180.00
100' Waterproof Cable (1) $160.00 1 $160.00
*Enclosure Vent and Plug (20) $160.00 20 $8.00
Solar Marine Light (1) $119.95 1 $119.95
12'x 1"x 3/4"Aluminum Bar (2) $84.44 2 $42.22
55 Gallon Plastic Drum (1) $74.00 1 $74.00
1 G Duralux Marine Paint (1) $72.88 1 $72.88
Double Braid Nylon Dockline (3) $66.90 3 $22.30
*O-Ring Flange (2) $58.00 2 $29.00
1 G Yellow Buoy Paint (1) $54.03 1 $54.03
Cast Acrylic Tube 11.75" (1) $54.00 1 $54.00
*Aluminum end Cap with 10 Holes (2) $52.00 2 $26.00
*Banana Pro (1) $50.00 1 $50.00
Waterproof Wire Connector (10) $49.50 10 $4.95
50 lb Quick Setting Concrete Mix (4) $21.80 4 $5.45
Hycrete W500 (1) $20.00 1 $20.00
Adhesive Sealant (1) $18.49 1 $18.49
Battery Waterproof Container (1) $15.99 1 $15.99
Pkg. of 20 Structure Corner Brace (1) $8.98 1 $8.98
*Cinder Block (4) $6.76 4 $1.69
Voltage Regulator 5V (3) $2.85 3 $0.95
Table D1 – Bill of Materials
***Asterisk indicates components already obtained
23
Total Estimated Cost: $4,000 + $1000 (Misc.) ~ $5,000 (Misc.) Costs include that of labor, taxes, shipping, and incidentals.
Plastic Drum:
http://www.uline.com/BL_8154/Plastic-Drums $74.00
Buoy Paint:
http://www.jamestowndistributors.com/userportal/show_product.do?pid=52254 $54.03
Aluminum Bar:
http://www.metalsdepot.com/catalog_cart_view.php?msg= $84.44 (for 24 ft.)
Solar Panel:
http://www.solarpanelstore.com/solar-power.small-solar-panels.marine_solar_panels.cpv12.info.1.html $155.00 (Need 4)
Wireless Receiving System:
http://www.omega.com/pptst/UWTC-RPT1.html?pn=UWTC-REC1-868 $325.00
Hycrete W500:
http://www.hycrete.com/products/waterproofing/hycrete-w500/ $20.00 (0.3 m)
RockBLOCK+:
http://www.rock7mobile.com/products-rockblock-plus $232.00
Concrete
http://m.homedepot.com/p/Quikrete-50-lb-Fast-Setting-Concrete-Mix-100450/100318521 $65.00
Banana Pro:
http://www.lemaker.org/product-bananapro-resource.html $50.00
Structure Corner Brace:
24
http://www.homedepot.com/p/Everbilt-1-1-2-in-Zinc-Plated-Corner-Brace-20-Pack-18564/202034301 $8.98 (Package of 20 pieces)
Batteries:
http://www.all-battery.com/li-ion18650148v10400mAhrechargeablebatterypack-31801.aspx $139.99 (Need 3)
Hydrophones:
http://www.aquarianaudio.com/h1a-3.html $129.00 (Need 4)
Marine Paint:
http://www.homedepot.com/p/Duralux-Marine-Paint-1-gal-Aluminum-Boat-Green-Marine-Enamel-M736-1/205128316 $72.88
DAQ:
http://www.mccdaq.com/usb-data-acquisition/USB-1208HS.aspx $499.00
Marine Rope:
https://www.amazon.com/SeaSense-Double-Dockline-2-Inch-15-Foot/dp/B004XAD77G/ref=sr_1_2?s=boating-water-sports&ie=UTF8&qid=1467746129&sr=1-2 $22.30 (Need 3)
Cinder Blocks:
http://www.homedepot.com/p/Oldcastle-16-in-x-8-in-x-8-in-Concrete-Block-30161345/100350252 $1.69 (Need 4)
Adhesive Sealant:
http://www.westmarine.com/buy/3m--5200-white-polyurethane-adhesive-sealant-10oz-cartridge--158485 $18.49
Voltage Regulator:
https://www.sparkfun.com/products/107 $0.95 (Need 3)
Waterproof Capsule Plastic Tubing:
https://www.bluerobotics.com/store/watertight-enclosures/wte4-p-tube-12-r1/ $54.00
25
Waterproof Capsule Endcaps:
https://www.bluerobotics.com/store/watertight-enclosures/wte4-m-end-cap-14-hole-r1/ $28.00 (Need 2)
Waterproof Capsule O-Ring Flange:
https://www.bluerobotics.com/store/watertight-enclosures/wte4-m-flange-seal-r3/ $29.00 (Need 2)
Capsule Enclosure Vent and Plug:
https://www.bluerobotics.com/store/watertight-enclosures/vent-asm-r1/ $8.00 (Need 28) *
Cable Connectors**:
https://www.superbrightleds.com/moreinfo/landscape-spot-flood-lights/g-lux-series-waterproof-wire-connector/1350/3104/?utm_source=googlebase&utm_medium=base&utm_content=GLUX-WCC&utm_campaign=GoogleBaseChild&gclid=Cj0KEQjwte27BRCM6vjIidHvnKQBEiQAC4MzrXjB3j8xgVzB5JDGTyn99rHTZ8TJxJoubuwxgP9IMa4aAiXd8P8HAQ#/tab/Specifications $5.00 Each
Charge Controller:
https://genasun.com/all-products/solar-charge-controllers/for-lithium/gv-10-li-lithium-10a-solar-charge-controller/ $159.00
Battery Waterproof Container:
http://www.mcmelectronics.com/product/21-11155?scode=GS401&utm_medium=cse&utm_source=google&utm_campaign=google&gclid=COjphK6S380CFcNahgod0ScCNg $15.99
Solar Marine Light
http://www.lakelite.com/products/solar-marine-light/ $119.95
Waterproof Cable:
http://www.westmarine.com/buy/ancor--triplex-wire-by-the-spool--P009_274_004_002 $160.00 (100’)
26
Appendix E USMMA Buoy by Boat Log
Underwater Acoustics USMMA BBBL
Eric Baskayan, Christina Hoy, Shir Pilosof, Ahsan Shahab, Hao Shicong, Luciano Triolo
Log for June 20, 2016
Time Vessel Type Length (Ft) Direction Picture
9:46 AM Rec Boat 30 N
10:06- 10:11 AM Swan 4 N/A No Photo
10:12- 10:30 AM Tug w/Barge N/A S No Photo
10:38 AM Rec Boat 23 N
10:45 AM Rec Boat 35 S
Time Vessel Type Length (Ft) Direction Picture
10:58 AM Sail Boat 35 N
Table E1 – USMMA BBBL
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11:14 AM Rec Boat 20 S
11:29 AM Rec Boat 23 N
11:45 AM Sail Boat 35 N
12:09 PM Rec Boat 25 S
1:01 PM Rec Boat 23 S
1:07 PM Nassau PD 33 N
1:16 PM Rec Boat 30 N
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1:20 PM Rec Boat 23 S No Photo
1:23 PM Tug w/Barge N/A S No Photo
1:40 PM Rec Boat 23 N
1:49 PM Jet ski 7 N No Photo
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Appendix F Hudson River Buoy by Boat Log
Underwater Acoustics Hudson River BBBL
Eric Baskayan, Christina Hoy, Shir Pilosof, Ahsan Shahab, Hao Shicong, Luciano Triolo
Log for July 14, 2016
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Table F1 – Hudson River BBBL
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Appendix G Hudson River Picture Reference
Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
1 8
2 9
3 10
4 11
5 12
6 13
Table G1 – Hudson River Picture Reference
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7 14
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
15 22
16 23
17 24
18 25
19 26
20 27
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21 28
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
29 36
30 37
31 38
32 39
33 40
34 41 No Photo
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35 42
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
43 50
44 51
45 52
46 53
47 54
48 55
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49 56
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
57 64
58 65
59 66
60 67
61 68
62 69
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63 70
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
71 78
72 79
73 80
74 81
75 82
76 83
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77 No Photo 84
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
85 No Photo 92
86 93
87 94
88 No Photo 95 No Photo
89 No Photo 96
90 97
91 98
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
99 No Photo 106
100 107 No Photo
101 108 No Photo
102 109 No Photo
103 110
104 No Photo 111 No Photo
105 No Photo 112
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
113 120 No Photo
114 121
115 No Photo 122 No Photo
116 123
117 124
118 125 No Photo
119 126
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
127 134 No Photo
128 135
129 136
130 137 No Photo
131 138
132 No Photo 139
133 140
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
141 148 No Photo
142 No Photo 149 No Photo
143 150
144 151
145 152
146 153
147 No Photo 154 No Photo
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
155 162 No Photo
156 No Photo 163
157 164
158 165
159 166
160 167
161 168 No Photo
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
169 No Photo 176
170 No Photo 177 No Photo
171 No Photo 178
172 No Photo 179
173 180 No Photo
174 No Photo 181
175 No Photo 182
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
183 No Photo 190
184 191 No Photo
185 No Photo 192 No Photo
186 No Photo 193 No Photo
187 194 No Photo
188 195
189 No Photo 196 No Photo
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
197 204
198 No Photo 205 No Photo
199 206 No Photo
200 No Photo 207 No Photo
201 No Photo 208
202 209
203 210 No Photo
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
211 No Photo 218 No Photo
212 No Photo 219 No Photo
213 No Photo 220 No Photo
214 No Photo 221 No Photo
215 No Photo 222 No Photo
216 223 No Photo
217 No Photo 224 No Photo
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
225 No Photo 232 No Photo
226 233
227 234
228 235 No Photo
229 236 No Photo
230 237 No Photo
231 No Photo 238
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
239 246 No Photo
240 247
241 No Photo 248
242 249
243 250 No Photo
244 No Photo 251
245 No Photo 252
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
253 260 No Photo
254 No Photo 261
255 No Photo 262 No Photo
256 No Photo 263 No Photo
257 264
258 265 No Photo
259 No Photo 266
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
267 No Photo 274
268 275 No Photo
269 No Photo 276 No Photo
270 No Photo 277 No Photo
271 278 No Photo
272 No Photo 279
273 No Photo 280 No Photo
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
281 288
282 No Photo 289
283 No Photo 290
284 291 No Photo
285 No Photo 292
286 293
287 294
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Reference No. Picture Reference No. Picture
295 No Photo 302 No Photo
296 No Photo 303
297 No Photo 304
298 305
299 306 No Photo
300 No Photo 307
301 No Photo 308 No Photo
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Reference No. Picture
309
310
311 No Photo
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Appendix H Additional Data Clips
! Figure H- 1: GPS path of the Phoenix passing Blue and Yellow
! Figure H- 2: Spectrogram of the Phoenix passing hydrophone on frame.
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! Figure H- 3: Spectrogram of the Phoenix passing hydrophone on surface
! Figure H- 4: Spectrogram of the Phoenix passing hydrophone on line
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! Figure H- 5: Spectrogram of hydrophone on frame with vessel movement
! Figure H-6: Spectrogram of hydrophone on surface with vessel movement
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! Figure H-7: Spectrogram of hydrophone on line with vessel movement
Appendix I USMMA Test Plan
Stevens @ USMMA Experiment Test Plan 2016-06-20
Introduction to Underwater Noise Aids to Navigation (ATON) buoys offer a convenient platform for hosting Maritime Security enhancing sensors, such as passive acoustic system. However, the buoys themselves may generate noise which renders those systems less effective. In order to quantify this noise Stevens will conduct an experiment in the vicinity of one of these buoys. An underwater passive acoustic recorder will deployed and data will be collected to determine how much noise these buoys make over the course of a day, and at what frequencies.
Assets
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A US Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) Rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RHIB) will be used to deploy and retrieve the passive acoustic systems.
Logistics The Stevens team will depart from the Babbio Center at 0600 in rented vehicles that will be procured prior to the experiment. Estimated arrival time at USMMA is 0730. Once on site at USMMA the team will rendezvous with Carolyn for assistance in launching the system. The system will be anchored in place approximately 5m from a buoy and left to record data. The deployment vessel will perform a series of maneuvers, detailed in Appendix B, then return to shore. Three hours later the system will be moved to the second location, about 300m from the buoy and the maneuvers will be repeated.
Air Acoustics
Recording of airborne sound produced by small boat and comparison with underwater sound. The collected records will be used together with urban noise measurements for estimation of detection distances of sound produced by small boats in various noise conditions. This test can be conducted by the microphone system placed on the pier and boat will come to and from the pier. Especially important is to have GPS tracks of the boat movement that will allow estimations of detection distances.
Approximate Timeline 0600 Depart Hoboken 0730-0800 Arrive USMMA 0900 System in place 1200 Move System to second location 1500 Begin Retrieving System 1600 Depart USMMA
Data Processing The Stevens team will work with Stevens Summer Research Institute students to process the data after the experiment and try to come to some conclusions about the noise environment around ATON buoys.
Proposed Buoy Location
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Acoustic Test Route
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Appendix J Hudson River Test Plan
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SRI 2016 Hudson River Joint Acoustic Experiment
Introduction Aid to Navigation (ATON) buoys offer a convenient platform for hosting Maritime Security enhancing sensors, such as underwater passive acoustic systems. However, the buoys themselves may generate noise which renders those systems less effective. In order to quantify this noise Stevens will conduct an experiment to measure the noise of a SPAR buoy. Underwater passive acoustic recorders will be deployed, one on the line of the buoy to be measured and one approximately 150 m away, and data will be collected to determine the magnitude and frequency spectrum of buoy-generated noise. Concurrently, measurements of the surface acoustics of boats will be made and compared to the underwater signals.
Assets A small boat will be used to deploy and retrieve the passive acoustic systems. Stevens AIS, cameras, and radar sensors will be used to monitor the area around the buoy and record vessel activity in the vicinity.
Logistics One system will be deployed and anchored in place near Stevens campus and the second system will be deployed a few hundred meters away. Both will be left to record data. The boat will idle for a few minutes near the buoy to generate a sample of the engine noise. The deployment vessel will then execute the maneuvers in paths one and two at a low and high speed for each (approximately 10 and 20 knots respectively). These paths are detailed in Appendix B. Then engines will be shut off in order to produce a sample of environmental noise. The cameras and radar are in strategic positions on the 6th patio of the Babbio Center, just outside the Maritime Security Laboratory. A member of the Underwater acoustics team will be monitoring them from the MSL to ensure they are recording. Members of the underwater acoustics team will also record any weather changes and any vessel traffic that occurs while the systems are recording. Video of passing helicopters will also be recorded if possible.
Approximate Timeline
+0:00 Depart by boat to Buoy location on Hudson River
+00:25 First System in Place
+00:45 Second System in Place
+00:50 Joint Air+Underwater Acoustic Measurements of Test Route
+03:30 Begin Retrieval Process
+03:45 Return to Shore
Data Processing The Stevens team will work with Stevens Summer Research Institute students to process the data after the experiment and develop conclusions about the noise environment around buoys. If possible inferences will be made about the different detection capabilities of air and underwater acoustics and the usefulness of the water column mounted vs bottom mounted hydrophones.
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Proposed Test Location
! Figure J-1: Buoy Locations on Hudson
Acoustic Test Routes
Path 1 Path 2
! Figure J-2: Research Vessel Path 1
Acoustic System Deployment Architecture
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Figure J-3: Research Vessel Path 2
! Figure J-4: Hydrophone Location on Line
Air Acoustic Plan
Objectives: • Measurements of the air acoustics of boats to complement the underwater acoustic
measurements. • Measurement of helicopter sound penetration to water.
Equipment • SRI air recording station with one microphone will be deployed
Test plan 1. One microphone will be positioned in the most proximal to boat paths location with
minimum humidity, sun exposure and noise. Temperature, humidity, wind speed will be documented in the beginning of each recording.
2. Feasibility of air measurement will be assessed in the beginning of experiment. Poor weather and soundscape conditions may lead to cancellation of air acoustic tests until otherwise possible.
3. The boat movement will be as instructed by underwater acoustic and recorded on GPS. The distances to boat will at least cover the range between 30 meters and 300 meters from microphone.
4. Boat paths will be shown on the river map. 5. Boat will perform at least 4 runs with different boat speed. 6. Cell phone video of one passing helicopter will be taken 7. The helicopters’ passing by time will be documented 8. Clear in map where hydrophones will be deployed. 9. At least 1 hour up to 4 hours of total data recording will be performed.
Signal processing • Data will be available to buoy team for signal processing and final report.
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