Post on 22-Feb-2016
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Understanding Label Language and the Implications for Application
Robert E. Wolf Extension Specialist Application Technology
Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Changes in the Application Industry!
• Historically inefficient process• Increased cost of pesticides• Product rates are changing (< an ounce/acre)• More pest specific products• Biotechnology and GMO’s (Roundup Ready, Bt’s)• More sophisticated equipment (electronics) $$$
• Variable rates• Site-specific• Focus on Drift
Looking At Labels• Label instructions are enforceable• Label information is required on records• Labels require applicators to comply with
Worker Protection Standard regs• Some language is enforceable, while other is
advisory – which is which?• Some language details how to prevent damage
to crops, protect nearby sites, and achieve quality pest control
Pesticide LabelingYour safety as well as the safety of other people and
the environment all depend on reading and understanding the label.
Label violations lead to fines and significant legal problems. Ignorance of the label is never considered an adequate defense if enforcement action is taken
against you.
Label Sections
• The trade name does not tell you what is in the product
• Go to the active ingredients section
• The EPA registration number and trade name are required for pesticide recordkeeping.
Label Interpretation
• What is advisory?• What is mandatory?• What is enforceable - Regulatory?• What is enforceable – Litigation?
Spray Drift Management
Aerial Application Instructions
Droplet Size
Not less than 600 microns VMD
Coarse droplets300 to 500 micronsFor herbicides: do not
use fine droplet sprays
Label Restrictions & Limitations
Do not apply this product by air earlier than
30 minutes prior to sunrise or later than 30
minutes after sunset……Fresno County Ag
Commissioner
Label Restrictions and Limitations
Calibration
Operation S.A.F.E.
7 cardsString
Two sources of data – two reports
• Spray pattern analysis– Fluorescent dye applied to string– Relative concentration measured using fluorometer– Used to measure spray pattern uniformity and
determine appropriate swath width• Droplet size analysis
– Spray droplets stain water sensitive paper cards– Stains measured using computer scanner– Used to measure droplet size and determine risk of
drift and effects on efficacy
Spray pattern analysis
DropletScan
Composite droplet size data
VMD = average volume median diameter in microns VD (0.1) and (0.9) = average volume diameter in microns for
10% and 90% of volume, respectively GPA = average gallons per acre measured on cards Percent coverage = average percentage of card surface area
covered by stain
Important Droplet Statistics:
Operational Area
Other droplet measurement terms
• VD(0.1) – droplet diameter where 10% of spray volume is smaller (90% is greater)
• VD(0.9) – droplet diameter where 90% of spray volume is smaller (10% is greater)
• Relative span (RS) – used to describe the “width” of the spectrum
VD(0.9) – VD(0.1)RS = VMD
Droplet size recommendations
• VMD usually should be in 300-500 micron range• A smaller VMD will be required for lower GPA rates• VD(0.1) > 200 microns – reduce the risk of drift• VD(0.9) < 600 microns – prevent large droplets that
can reduce coverage by consuming large portions of the total volume
• RS should be around 1 - provides suitable variation for differences in target structure
Calibration!!!!The next phase!
Ensuring that the spray droplet spectrum is what it is supposed to be to maximize
efficacy while minimizing drift!
ASABE S-572.1 Droplet Size Standard
2009
Spray Quality Categories
ASABE Standard S-572.1Category (symbol) Color CodeExtra Fine (XF) PurpleVery Fine (VF) RedFine (F) OrangeMedium (M) YellowCoarse (C) BlueVery Coarse (VC) GreenExtra Coarse (XC) WhiteUltra Coarse (UC) Black
2009
S572
NEW
NEW
Source: CropLife – July 2002
>150
151-250
251-350351-450451-550
>551
ASABE Standard
Fungicides/Insecticides
Herbicides
Roadside Equipment?
Off-Center Venturi Flat-fan
Pre-orifice Air Induction Nozzles:
Pre-orifice
Air induction
Exit orifice
Mixing Chamber
Boom Buster
XP BoomJet
Boom Extender:
Aerial Applications
The CP STRAIGHT STREAM NOZZLE
USDA Aerial Nozzle Atomization Models
Fixed Wing1
Fixed Wing2
Rotary Wing3
Fixed Wing
4
Fixed Wing
5
Fixed Wing
6
Rotary Wing
7
Rotary Wing
8
Rotary Wing
9
Rotary Wing
10
Droplet size recommendations
• VMD usually should be in 300-500 micron range• A smaller VMD will be required for lower GPA rates• VD(0.1) > 200 microns – reduce the risk of drift• VD(0.9) < 600 microns – prevent large droplets that
can reduce coverage by consuming large portions of the total volume
• RS should be around 1 - provides suitable variation for differences in target structure
Drift Study
Drift Reduction/Deposition Aids:
• Many available!• Not EPA regulated• Long chain polymers• Soluble powders• 50 - 80% reduction in off-target
movement• Not all will work!!!!• Pump shear problems• Effect on the pattern?
Product Name Product Company Mixing ratea
Tap water 1 Local supply X-77 only
Superb HC + Interlock Winfield Solutions 133 oz + 33 oz / 50 gal
Formula 1 United Suppliers 1.5 qt / 50 gal
#PX056-Z Precision Labs, Inc 5 qt / 50 gal
Tap water 2 Local supply X-77 only
Ag 06037 Winfield Solutions 64 oz / 50 gal
Ag 08050 Winfield Solutions 80 oz / 50 gal
Interlock 1.25 Winfield Solutions 80 oz / 50 gal
Control GarrCo Products, Inc 2 oz /50 gal
Tap water 3 Local supply X-77 only
INT 908 Rosen’s 5 gal / 45 gal
Tap water + Prime Oilb Local supply + Winfield Solutions 266 oz / 50 gal
Interlock 0.8 Winfield Solutions 50 oz / 50 gal
a All tank mixes included X-77 at .25% v/v (16 ounces per 50 gallon load).bOil to simulate a suggested tank mix with fungicide (Prime Oil @ 1 pint/acre).
Materials and Methods (2008):• AT 502A(Rucker Flying Service)
– Drop booms– CP-11TT #15 straight stream nozzles w/8° deflection– 44 PSI– 156 mph ground speed by GPS– Droplet spectrum: Medium, %volume <200 = 7.65%
• Aircraft calibrated for 3 GPA
Total Drift Ranked:
INT 908
Control
Interlock
0.8
Tap W
ater +
oil
Tap W
ater 3
Tap W
ater 1
Form
ula 1
Interlock
1.25
Tap W
ater 2
Superb
HC + Inter
lock
#PX056-Z
AG 06037
AG 080500.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
36.5 37.7 37.8 41.6 44.1 50.1 53.3 53.9 57.7 61.5 63.571.4 74.6
a
cde de
ef effg
g
aaabc
ab
bcd cde
water average
% A
rea
Cov
erag
e
Solution Factor:
• Changes the flow rate ?????• Changes the droplet spectra !!!!
Droplet Studies
Volume Median Diameter (VMD)
050
100150200250300350400450500
11004XR 11004TT TF 2 11003AI
Mic
rons
Water RWM + 2%AMSRWM + 1% AMS + Array RWM + 2% AMS + BorderRWM + 2% AMS + Placement
40 psi 40 psi 40 psi 70 psi
% less than 210 Microns
37 51 36 35 45 23 30 14 15 26 19 22 14 13 22 10 17 29 29 15
Bob Klein, U of Nebraska
Percent fines
Need to evaluate droplets of solutions:
CP11TT4015 Flat-Fan
140 MPH40 PSI23 degree orientation
ASC D-12 Rotary Atomizer
140 MPH26 PSI2 GPABlade pitch #2
ASC D-12 Rotary Atomizer
WW+Q
W+Q+FF
W+Q+NIS
W+Q+COC
W+Q+DEP0.05.0
10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0
20.1
38.433.1
30.3 32.823.9
%<100
Treatments
Mic
rons
WW+Q
W+Q+FF
W+Q+NIS
W+Q+COC
W+Q+DEP0
50
100
150
200
250
178
122 135 144 136
203
DV0.5
Treatments
Mic
rons
140 MPH26 PSI2 GPABlade pitch #2
Treatments• Water• Water + Quilt• Water + Quilt + Foliar Fertilizer• Water + Quilt + NIS• Water + Quilt + COC• Water + Quilt + Deposition Aid
CP11TT4015 Flat-Fan
WW+Q
W+Q+FF
W+Q+NIS
W+Q+COC
W+Q+DEP0
50100150200250300350400
335217 217 214 223 238
DV0.5
Treatments
Mic
rons
WW+Q
W+Q+FF
W+Q+NIS
W+Q+COC
W+Q+DEP0.02.04.06.08.0
10.012.014.016.018.020.0
4.2
12.815.2 14.1 13.1
17.5
%<100
Treatments
Mic
rons140 MPH
40 PSI23 degree orientation
Treatments• Water• Water + Quilt• Water + Quilt + Foliar Fertilizer• Water + Quilt + NIS• Water + Quilt + COC• Water + Quilt + Deposition Aid
Disclaimer:
• Brand names appearing in this presentation are for identification and illustration purposes only.
• No endorsement is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products not mentioned.
www.bae.ksu.edu/faculty/wolf/Thanks!
For more information contact: rewolf@ksu.edu