Post on 04-Nov-2021
Understanding
International Standards for
Residues
Kevin Smith
U.S. Meat Export Federation
Technical Barriers To Trade
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Av
era
ge
Ta
riff
ra
te
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Nu
mb
er
of
AD
Me
as
ure
s in
Pla
ce
Avg. Tariffs
Measures in Force
Source: Cato Institute
SPS Trade Concerns by Subject- last 10 years -
Other
Concerns
4%
Food
Safety
27%
Animal
Health &
Zoonoses
40%
Plant
Health
29%
Source: WTO
Trade Concerns Reported Solved After 10
Years
Partially
Solved
7%
Not
Solved
66%
Solved
27%
Source: WTO
Countries represent 40% of global beef eating population
Hormone Bans in 2008
Food Safety Challenges Internationally
• Differences in Standards– What constitutes a risk?
• Differences in Methodologies– How is the risk measured?
• Differences in Philosophies– What is the best way to manage the risk?
– What is the best way to communicate risk?
• What/who is influencing these decisions internationally?
• What can the U.S. do to address these issues?
What is the Next Big Issue?
• Residues
– Veterinary Drugs
– Agricultural Chemicals
• Pesticides
• Herbicides
– Growth Promoting Agents
• Beta Agonists
– Environmental Contaminants
• Heavy Metals
• Carcinogens
– Dioxin
Why?
Region ADIPartitioning of
ADI
Statistical
Calculation of
WDP
Injection Site
USNOEL X 60 kg
/ SF
Milk + eggs +
target tissue99/95
10 X muscle
Safe Conc.
(500 g)
JECFANOEL X 60 kg
/ SF
Milk + eggs + all
tissues95/95 NA
EUNOEL X 60 kg
/ SF
Milk + eggs + all
tissues95/95
Same as
muscle MRL
(500 g)
JapanNOEL X 60 kg
/ SF
Milk + eggs + all
tissues in all
species
99/95
Same as
muscle MRL
(100 g)
Source: John Nappier, Pfizer Animal Health
U.S. Animal Health Association Meeting; Reno, NV 10/23/07
Comparison of MRLs
Comparison of Regulatory Requirements
Muscle Liver Kidney Fat Milk0
100
200
300
400
500US Tolerance
EU/Japan/JECFA MRL
Edible Tissues
All
ow
ab
le C
on
cen
trati
on
,
g/k
g
Source: John Nappier, Pfizer Animal Health
U.S. Animal Health Association Meeting; Reno, NV 10/23/07
South Korea
Product Scientific Name Korea U.S. Codex
Gentamicin 0.1 NR 0.1
Neomycin 0.5 1.2 0.5
Novobiocin 1 1
Monensin 0.05 0.05
Bacitracin 0.5 0.5
Salinomycin 0 NL
Dihydrostreptomycin/Streptomyci
n 0.5 0.5 0.6
Spiramycin 0.2 NL 0.2
Amoxicillin 0.01 0.01
Ampicillin 0.01 0.01
Erythromycin 0.1 0.01
Oxytetracycline 0.1 2
Chloramphenicol 0 0
Chlortetracycline 0.1 2 0.2
Tetracycline 0.25 2
Tylosin 0.2 0.2
Benzylpenicillin/Procaine
benzylpenicillin 0.05 NL 0.05
Product Active
Ingre.
U.S. Wthdr. Rec.
Wthdr. (JP)
Company
ChlorMax®
50
Chlortetrac
ycline
0 days 10 days Alpharma
Chloratet
50
Chlortetrac
ycline
0 days 10 days ADMAH
Dectomax
® inject
Doramectin 24 days 60 days Pfizer
Benzathine
Penicillin
inject
Benzathine
Penicillin
50 days FARAD
Draxxin®
inject
Tulathromy
cin
5 days 33 days Pfizer
Packer Perspective
• “Most Stringent Common Denominator”
– Simplify the process
• Risk or Cost of Failure
– Who gets the blame and the bad publicity?
• Needs flow upstream to Producers
How Can We Manage These
Issues?
• Communication
– Producer Level
– Packer/Processor Level
– Animal Health Companies
– U.S. Government
• Work towards Consistency
– Address issues with
International Standards
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
mt
Beef Fish Pork Poultry
U.S. Meat Consumption
1961-2001
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
9,000,000
mt
Beef Fish Pork Poultry
Japan Meat Consumption
1961-2001
Questions?