Understanding in-car smartphone Usage Pattern

CHI EA 2014

SNU + UW Joint Workshop 2014

Information School, University of Washington!

Good Morning!

Welcome To

SEoul NAtional University!

I am Changhoon Oh.I am Changhoon Oh.

a third-year PHD Candidate in UXlab @ SNU UX / HCI Research Major

USER EXPERIENCE LAB

Prof. Joon Lee

• the Captain of User Experience LAB • Tried to Travel Around the World By His Yacht. • Lives in “The Gangnam” District. • Creative and Thoughtful

Research Area

User Research Information Architecture

Projects

EMR

Prototyping ToolDriver

GPS NAvigation

Artist

Book 2.0Traveler

ICT4D

Projects

EMR

Prototyping Tool

GPS NAvigation

Artist

Book 2.0Traveler

ICT4D

Driver

Understanding in-car smartphone Usage Pattern in-car smartphone Usage Pattern

CHI 2014 work-In-Progress

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS dMC UX Center

Supported by

BACKGROUND

Driving

Smartphone Offers the Same Service regardless of Users’ Context and Situation.

“AS IS” Approaches

Supporting Technically• are not sufficient to solve this problem.• cannot fully support driver’s information needs and don’t

reflect the distinctiveness or issues of driving context.

• simply legally prohibiting cannot be a fundamental solution.• providing appropriate ways of satisfying their needs should be

concerned instead.

Prohibiting Legally

“AS IS” Approaches

Supporting Technically• • insufficient to solve this problem• cannot fully support driver’s information needs and don’t

reflect the distinctiveness or issues of driving context

• simply legally prohibiting cannot be a fundamental solution.• providing appropriate ways of satisfying their needs should be

concerned instead.

Prohibiting Legally

The driver’s distinct information behavior is worth analyzing in peculiar.

We aimed to…• investigate the information behaviors of drivers based on

in-vehicle smartphone usages in situ.

• classify their information activities in a meta-level.

• induce design implications that would be helpful to smartphone services in cars or new ways of car interactions in the future.

METHODOLOGY

Real Daily Driving Trips

14 drivers in the Seoul Metropolitan Area

Three days

1. An In-Car Video Recording System for quAlitative data

2. AppCatcher for Quantitative dAta

Data Gathering

50 Analyzable Trip Data

× 50

• Total: 32h 59m 58s• Average: about 40min per Trip

Data Gathering

A Trip

Data AnalysisRepetitive Coding & Ideation ProcessVideo Recording Clips

Application Usage Logs

+

Data AnalysisRepetitive Coding & Ideation Process

Application Usage Logs

Results

• A combination of elements from when a driver picks up a smartphone until he/she puts it down.

What is “Session?”

A Session

• Each sessions possess distinguishing characteristics and has sub-elements such as initiating way, application, action, interaction, duration, situation.

• The total of 139 sessions was observed.

Initiating way

Application

Action

Interaction

Duration

Etc…

Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars

Cycling Through

Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars

Coming Up With

Cycling Through

Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars

Active Pursuing

Coming Up With

Cycling Through

Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars

Active Pursuing

Coming Up With

Cycling Through

Conversing

Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars

Active Pursuing

Coming Up With

Cycling Through

Conversing

Five “Sessions” of Smartphone Usage in Cars

Deferring

CYCLING THROUGH

Habitually turning on the smartphone and drifting aimlessly

CYCLING THROUGH

Duration: Short (12~60s)

Habitual Connection

CYCLING THROUGH (10%)

COMING UP WITH

Conducting information behavior by using smartphone as something Suddenly comes to Driver’s mind

COMING UP WITH

Duration: Long (1~5m)

COMING UP WITH (9%)

Active Pursuing

Concentrating on using smartphone for a longer time in order to complete information behaviors

related with specific purposes

Active Pursuing

Duration: Long (1~5m)

Active Pursuing (18%)

Conversing

communicating with others by using communication apps such as

telephone call, mobile instant messenger(MIM) and SNS

Conversing

Habitual Connection

Duration: Long

Conversing (56%)

Deferring

Avoiding or postponing a response toward push notification in the smartphone

Deferring

Very Short

Unfinished

Deferring (5%)

“VOICE OF DRIVERS”

“VOICE OF DRIVERS”• Additionally gathered “Voice of Drivers” by doing Think-

aloud while driving and conducting half-open survey after the experiment.

• Organized them into four issues.

Voice Interaction

Habitual Traits Modality Safety

Voice interaction

• need for voice interaction

“I don’t know if such functions already exist, but I wish my phone could be changed like ‘driving mode’ before I start driving. Then, I can use my voice for all the functions.”

“I’d like a system where I can answer the message by voice, even simply. Also, when message arrive while driving, it would be convenient if there’s a service that reads it out loud.”

Habitual Traits

• (1) setting and (2) dealing with backlogs

“I drive, after I start the car and choose the music”

“Before I drive to work, I check the messages or SNS alarms that are piled up from the night before to the morning… and I answer to KakaoTalk messages after I finish driving.”

Modality

• a variety of needs for additional interface

“It’s very inconvenient because I need my hands for both driving and using the smartphone. I wish there were something that can control my smartphone on the steering wheel. And I wish I can get my calls easily like folder phones”

“I want my windshield to show the smartphone screen”

“I want a sort of ‘driving mode’ in my phone in which the letters get bigger”

Safety

• restraint of information activities“I usually hold back the usage of smartphone. If I should, I slowly start the apps when it’s safe”

• changes in the forms of smartphone usage“I look at my smartphone in one hand in a glimpse, placing it in the middle of my wheel.”

Conclusion

DESIGN IMPLICATIONS

1. Providing relevant update at an appropriate time

2. Communicating selectively and integrally

3. Introducing new interaction that does not hamper attention and safety

4. Capturing immediate thoughts

CONTRIBUTIONS• Tried to observe “real” information behaviors of drivers

• Introduced the concept of “Session”— the meta level categorization unit

• Induced design implications applicable to smart devices in cars or smart car related services

THANK YOU!

iamohchanghoon@gmail.comyurial@snu.ac.kr

www.facebook.com/userexperiencelab

ux.snu.ac.kr

www.facebook.com/changhoon.oh.94