Ubiquitous ComputingA Look Into Everyware

By Eric Miller

Key Terms

• Ubiquitous – Present, appear, or found everywhere (omnipresent)

• Context - Info that relates to an entity• Ontology – Knowledge as a set of concepts

within a domain, and their relationships

What is Ubiquitous Computing?

• Post-desktop model of human-computer interactions

• NOT virtual reality• Seamlessly

interconnected world

Relative Terms

• Pervasive Computing• Ambient Intelligence• Everyware

Daddy?

• Mark Weiser– Father of Ubiquitous Computing– From Harvey, Illinois– Chief Scientist at PARC– Coined Ubiquitous Computing in 1988– Wrote “The Computer for the 21st Century”

• Interesting views

Weiser

• Three forms of Ubiquitous Computing devices– Tabs– Pads– Boards

• Three more since– Dust– Skin– Clay

Goals

• Natural Interaction• Ease of Life• Reliable and accessible Information

“The most profound technologies are the ones that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are undistinguishable from it.” – Mark Weiser

Smart Devices

• Needs– Remote Access– Power– Adapt– Scale

• Wants– Extends Needs– Fast– Anywhere– Anytime– Highly Mobile

Smart Devices

• Device Independence• Application Independence• Adaptively and Adaptability• Collective Operation

Context

• Dynamic Context– Rates of Change– Evolution

• Relational Context– Time– Person to person

Context

• User Context• Device Context• Application Context• Information Context• Environmental Context• Time Context• Historical Context• Relational Context

Context

• Computers– Gather Data– Aggregate Data– Running

Calculations

• Humans– Defining Contexts– Determine What is

Important

• Both– Misunderstandings– Imperfect

Context Management

• Context Modeling• Capturing• Abstraction/Reasoning– One-to-One– Context Fusion– Context Fission

• Dissemination

Context Aware Systems

• Able to sense their environment– Where You Are– Who You’re With– Nearby Resources

• High Development Overheads• Strong Barriers• Lack of Infrastructure

Semantic Web

• Provides common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries. – W3C

• Would aid greatly to Context Aware Systems• Developed with Ontology Oriented

Programming

Location Awareness

• Devices that sense your or their location– Passive or Active

• GPS– Giving Directions

• Warehouse• Provides Comfort

Sentient Computing

• Uses sensors to perceive its environment and react accordingly

• Uses world model and location awareness

• Sentient – Able to perceive or feel things

E-Learning

• In Classroom• Out of Classroom• Can be self paced or instructor led

Ontology Oriented Programming

• Go!• Ontological Programming

Challenges

• Anticipating future trends• Meeting future needs• Proximate Future• Infrastructure• Possible?• Security

• Proximate Future– Always a next step

• Currently Living It– Mobile technology– Different from what was expected

• You Decide

Singapore

• Road Payment System• Text-a-Taxi

Infrastructure

• Will it Work?– Re-usability– Manageability– Accessibility– Durability

• Out of Date Machines• Power Issues• Data Storage

Possible?• Tupac Hologram• Accurate Interactions

Security

• Is it wanted?• How Invasive?• Law Changes?• Restrictions• Law Enforcement

Examples

• Coffee Cup• Refrigerator• Automated Lighting• Automated Electronics• Augmented Reality• Examples

Augmented Reality

• Layar• GPS

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality

Augmented Reality

Conclusions

• Role of user must be very clearly understood• Role of environment must be understood• Current infrastructure must be expanded to

support context aware systems• Major developments in Ontology Oriented

Programming must be made first• Must clearly define objects to not get lost in

“proximate future” loop

Questions?

Sources• http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6947-8-26.pdf • http

://www.ics.uci.edu/~jpd/ubicomp/BellDourish-YesterdaysTomorrows.pdf

• http://ojs.academypublisher.com/index.php/jsw/article/view/04099921013/1431

• http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~aura/docdir/pcs01.pdf• http://www.utdallas.edu/~

muratk/courses/privacy08f_files/location_privacy_pervasive_computing.pdf

• http://csce.uark.edu/~nilanb/teaching/papers/kindberg.pdf