Post on 21-Jan-2018
SELECTION OF FLOOR
COVERINGS Appearance
Comfort
Durability
Life expectancy
Safety
Ease of cleaning
Cost
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TYPES OF FLOORINGS
Hard Flooring
Semi-hard Flooring
Soft-floorings
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Hard Flooring
Hard flooring is more
durable but, noisy with
exception of wood
flooring.
It is cold in feel.
Fire-retardant.
Easily cleaned.
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Types of Hard Floorings
• Resilient :- It is certain
amount of flexibility
and will give or bend
beneath of feet, it will
come back to its natural
shape.
• Non- Resilient:- Non-
resilient floor finishes
are resist denting
because of their
hardness. www.indianchefrecipe.com
Non-resilience Hard Flooring
Stone
Concrete
Ceramic /vitreous
Magnetic
Resin
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Stone flooring Natural appearance.
almost in-definite life.
all stone floorings are
very heavy.
it should be laid on a
solid concrete sub-floor.
stone floor are resistant
wear, water, and
cleaning chemicals.
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Stone flooring Marble :-
Available wide range of colors.
It is crystallized limestone.
Marble is durable, bur lighter colors
Marble stains are easily on coming in contact with ferrous metals and oils.
Marble is available in tiles ranging in size from 12 inches up to 18 inches square, but larger slabs up to 5 x 3 ft can be obtained on special order.www.indianchefrecipe.com
Stone flooring Slate :-
This is hard, may be
given polished.
Natural colors of slate
are grey and blue gray.
for interiors use , slabs
come in standard sizes
of 18 x 9 inches
larger slabs up to 6.5 ft
x 3 ft available.
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Stone flooring
Quartzite :
It is very hard wearing,
non-slippery.
It is suitable for both
interiors and exteriors.
Colors range from silver
gray to olive, yellow and
gold.
Thickness of quartzite slab
depends on the rock
formation.www.indianchefrecipe.com
Stone flooring Sandstone, limestone and
granite :-
sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of compressed sand.
limestone is composed mainly of calcium carbonate.
granite is a granular crystalline rock of quartz, field par and mica.
all three stone are good flooring materials.
colors are grey, green and brown.
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Concrete flooring
• This is good the areas take hard wear to chipping and cracking ,heat and insects.
• It is used for outdoor areas like parking , garbage rooms, exhibitions rooms etc.
• Concrete is a mixture of sand, gravel, crashed stone and seashells.
• It is easy to clean, but they can not polished as they can render for slippery.
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Concrete flooring
• Solid concrete sub-flooring
requires all types of concrete
flooring.
1) Granolithic concrete
2) concrete flags
3) concrete tiles
4) terrazzo
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TERRAZZO
• Terrazzo is made in a
wide variety of colors
and patterns.
• Terrazzo offers hard-
wearing surface, but
dangerous slippery when
wet.
• It is porous surface and
durable.
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Vitreous/ceramic flooring
• Ceramic flooring is primarily
composed of silicon material
that flow to gather and bond
during the firing process to
form a glass like ceramic.
• It is combination of clay,
marble , slate, glass, and flint
are used to make ceramic.
• They are long lasting, hard-
wearing, and easy to clean.
• All ceramic flooring needs a
solid sub-floor.www.indianchefrecipe.com
Vitreous/ceramic flooring
• Common types of ceramic
floorings are quarry tiles,
bricks, glazed tiles, and paver
stones.
• They can be divided into
Two
1) Glazed Ceramic
2) Un-glazed Ceramic
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Magnetic flooring
These floorings are more
durable and more flexible
then concrete.
These floorings need to
avoid washing because of
porous nature.
These floorings are
harmed because of
chemicals.
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Resin flooring
This type of flooring is
non –skid and suitable
for kitchens, canteens,
bathrooms, corridors
and laundries.
These are excellent
wear, usually 2-3 times
that of concrete.
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Resilient Hard- Flooring
• wood flooring
• Asphalt flooring
• Bit mastic flooring
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Wood Flooring
Durability wood flooring
is depends up on good
maintenance and the
quality of wood used.
Wood floors are warm to
touch and tend to be
noisy.
They are non slippery
unless too much polish is
used.
Main dis –advantage of
wood flooring is damaged
by water.www.indianchefrecipe.com
Wood Flooring
Wood flooring is damaged
by strong alkalis.
It is poor conductor of heat.
Some types of wood
finishes are –
wood parquet
Plywood
Hardwood strip and block
Wood mosaic
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Asphalt Tiles Flooring
These are composed of
asbestos fibers, pigments
and inert fillers.
These are bound with
asphalt in case of the
darker verities and some
other resinous binder in
case of lighter colors.
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Bitumastic flooring
Cost of installation is low.
Soft in texture but appearance is hard floor.
It is normally is black , red or brown.
It is used in public areas, corridors and other heavy traffic areas.
It is damaged by heat and heavy weight and harmed by sprits.
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Semi-hard Flooring
• Semi-hard floor finishes
are durable , but
normally less permanent
then hard floor finishes.
• These are resistance to
pests as well and are
easy to clean.
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Linoleum flooring
linoleum is available in
Different colors and
patterns.
It is damaged by extreme
temperatures-
low temp ---- cracks
High temp ---- soften
Minimum amount of water
should be used for cleaning.
It is used in linen rooms,
bath rooms and canteens.www.indianchefrecipe.com
Cork flooring
It is warm and restful
appearance.
The disadvantage of cork
flooring is extremely
porous.
It is available in
Untreated cork tiles
Cork tiles with PVC
surface
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Rubber flooring
This is made of synthetic rubber.
Rubber maintains a good luster without any finishing treatments and gas a good resistance to chemicals.
Rubber flooring resist cigarette burns
it is harmed by sprits, grease, sunlight and coarse abrasives.
It is used in entrance halls, canteens, and places where noise should be minimum.
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Plastic flooring A wide range of colors, designs
and textures and prices makes plastic flooring very versatile.
All types are resistant to wear, water and most of chemicals.
Various types of plastic floorings are:-
Thermoplastic and vinyl zed thermoplastic tiles
Vinyl asbestos tiles and flooring
Vinyl composition tiles.
Homogeneous flexible vinyl.
Reverse-printed PVC
PVC with various backings.
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Soft Floor
Soft floorings are quite,
warm and slip-resistance.
they are available in a
variety of colors, textures
and patterns.
Best examples are
carpets, rugs and mats.
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Carpets Carpets are primarily
three components:-
1) An under lay
2) A backing
3) Face and pile
It is classified into two
1) woven carpets
2) Non-woven
carpets
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Woven carpets Wilton carpets :-
patterned wilton
plain wilton
cord
Brussels
Axminister carpets :-
spool Axminister
Gripper Axminister
chenille Axminister
Oriental carpets:-www.indianchefrecipe.com
Non-woven Carpets
Tufted carpets
Berber carpets
Bonded carpets
Pile-bounded carpet
Electrostatic ally
Flocked carpets
Needle-punched carpets
Knitted carpets
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Wall And Wall Coverings
Wall coverings may be
decorative as well as
functional.
primary consideration
for wall coverings
should be their
functional quality,
durability and ease of
maintenance.
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Types Of Walls
Brick
Old plaster
New plaster
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Types Of Wall Coverings
paints
wall papers
fabric coverings
wood coverings
tiles
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Paints It is mixture of four
ingredients – pigments, additives, binders and solvents.
Pigments : color
Additives : resisting of rust and fungus.
Binders : hold the paint to gather and help for durability.
Solvents :-brushing or rolling the paint across the surface.
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PAINT
• Fastest and least
expensive way to cover
a wall
• Easiest way to change
the look of a room
• When choosing a paint,
choose a color slightly
LIGHTER the color you
want.
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Paints
It offers wide range of
colors, effects.
It is used on walls is
usually for decoration.
Paint can be easily
applied and cleaned too.
It is classified into two
types.
1) water –based paints.
2) solvents-based
paints. www.indianchefrecipe.com
Water-based or latex paint
• Water-based or latex: easy to apply and dries
quickly, does not adhere (stick) to some
surfaces, such as bare wood
• Clean-up is easy with soap and water.
• Considered to be environmentally safe
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Water–Based Paints
In these types , the contents are mixed with
clean water only.
• Lime wash : -used for interiors and exteriors.
• Distemper :-it is applied with brush or spray gun. It is used
for interiors.
• Emulsion paint:- it is applied with brush or spray gun. It is
used for interiors. Two coats are applied on same day.
Silicate paint:- silicate paints are mostly
applied to the interiors not the exteriors of a
building.
Cement paint:-this is mostly used as an
external paint for building exteriors.
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Solvents-based Paints
• Solvent-based may be oil or synthetic resin called ALKYD
• Alkyd dries more quickly than oil based paints, does not contain lead
• Produces a durable and washable surface good for walls and ceilings of kitchens, baths.
• Mineral spirits used for cleanup
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Solvents-based Paints
It is generally made up of six main constitutes: base, filler or extender, coloring pigment, vehicle, solvent or thinner and dryer.
Different types of solvent based paints available are:
Alkyd paints Aluminum paint
Anti-corrosive paints Asbestos paints
Bronze paints Cellulose paints
Casein paints Enamel paints
Oil paints Rubber paints
Plastic paintswww.indianchefrecipe.com
Preparation of walls before
painting Before painting , the
following treatments
required are :-
1) primer
2) under coat
3) Paint stripper
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WALLPAPERS
It is warmer appearance than paint.
The choice of walls depends upon the dimensions and uses of the room.
It is smooth finish so do not catch dust, but easily show up marks.
Some examples are: - lining paper, washable paper, embossed papers, ingrained paper, metallic paper etc.www.indianchefrecipe.com
WALLPAPERS
• Decorative paper or vinyl applied to walls with
glue or paste.
• Can copy any surface (brick, stone, wood,
leather)
• Can be murals of outdoor scenes
• Can enhance any room and create any style
• Vinyl and vinyl-coated papers are best selling
papers today
• These are washable, water and stain resistanwww.indianchefrecipe.com
Specialty Wallpapers
• Foil: reflects light to make small rooms appear larger
• Embossed: have a raised surface area as part of design, more formal look
• Can be fabrics or natural fibers
• Paintable: has raised texture and can be painted on once on the wall. Good to cover uneven walls.
• Specially treated papers are used in
commercial settings.
• Must meet government standards for
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Fabric wall covering
the use of fabrics on
walls goes back a long
way
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