Turn in INDIVIDUAL reports:

Keep your report to 2 pages of text. Show all your calculations (a separate page to show calculations is ok)

1. Give 4 examples of how specific soils information (such as a specific soil property (e.g. texture, horizon etc.) could be used to tell you about the productivity or use of a site. Include an example of how you would use this information.

2. What are 2 examples of microclimate information that could be useful when considering land management choices? Explain each.

3. Soil samples were collected in the field and total N concentrations are given in Friday’s lecture. Using these data, calculate the TOTAL amount of N (in kg ha-1) present in each soil profile at the two sites you visited in the field. Be sure to sum the N from ALL horizons at each site. SHOW your calculations and tell us what this total N value says about these two sites.

4. Each of the 4 sites that we visited at St. Edward St. Park had soils that may or may not have matched what was mapped for that area. Briefly summarize your conclusions as to what was found in the field relative to the soil map and comment on the value of the soils map to management activities.

Field Trip Sites:

Monday: Upland = Site C

Lowland = Site D

Wednesday: Upland = Site A

Lowland = Site B

For Soils: think about productivity, appropriate uses, inappropriate uses, sensitive areas, soils map information

Microclimate: any effects with land use changes

A

B

CD

Site A – approximately 1/3 down hill toward the lake, on a slope

Site ASite B

=

Site B:Approximately 2/3 down hilltoward lake, in a side draw

Site B

Site C: upland area

Site C

30 mm

Site D:Lowland area downslopefrom Area C

Site D

A

B

CD

A soil association common in the Puget Sound area showing soil type relative to different glacial deposits

Indianola

Kitsap

Ragnar

Bulk Density Calculations:

Bulk Density = dry soil mass/volume

Mineral Soil: core volume of 2 rings = 137.4 cm3 (π r2 h=vol)

Organic horizons: average depth of 4 measurements x 18 cm x 11.5 cm(area of book)

= volume

bulk density = dry weight / volume

Site AHORIZONS

ModerateHillslope (higher)

Depth (cm) and BDg/cm3

Site BHORIZONS

Steep Hillslope /lower

Depth (cm) and BDg/cm3

Site CHORIZONS

UPLAND

Depth (cm)

and BDg/cm3

Site DHORIZONS

LOWLAND

Depth (cm) and BDg/cm3

O 4 – 0 cm

.07 g/cm3O 17 – 0cm

.15 g/cm3O 2.4 - 0 cm

.05 g/cm3O 8 – 0 cm

.08 g/cm3

A 0 – 18

0.9A 0 – 18

1.2A 0 – 2

1.1A1 0 –16

0.9

Bw1 18 – 34

1.0Bw1 18 – 34.5

1.2Bw1 2 – 12

1.2A2 16 – 23

1.1

Bw2 34 - 51

1.1Bw2 34.5 – 57

1.3Bw2 12 – 29

1.3Cg1 23 – 35

1.4

BC 51 – 661.2

Bw3 57 – 71.5

1.3BC 29 – 47

1.3Cg2 35 – 45

1.4

C 66 – 75

1.2C 47 – 86

1.4

Soil Horizons, depths and bulk densities

Chemical analysis:

Total N using a CHN analyzer

and

dissolved ammonium and nitrate in solution using an Autoanalyzer

Chemical Analyses:

Total N in Soil

Site A

ModerateHillslope

mg N

/g soil

Site B

Steep Hillslope /lower

mg N

/g soil

Site C

UPLANDmg N

/g soil

Site D

LOWLANDmg N

/g soil

O 12.5 O 19.2 O 21.1 O 28.0

A 1.3 A 1.1 A 1.3 A1 1.8

Bw1 0.1 Bw1 0.3 Bw1 0.3 A2 0.4

Bw2 0.01 Bw2 0.2 Bw2 0.1 Cg1 0.4

BC 0.1 Bw3 0.01 BC 0.01 Cg2 0.3

C 0.01 C 0.01

Site AHORIZONS

ModerateHillslope (higher)

Depth (cm) and BDg/cm3

Site BHORIZONS

Steep Hillslope /lower

Depth (cm) and BDg/cm3

Site CHORIZONS

UPLAND

Depth (cm)

and BDg/cm3

Site DHORIZONS

LOWLAND

Depth (cm) and BDg/cm3

O 4 – 0 cm

.07 g/cm3O 17 – 0cm

.15 g/cm3O 2.4 - 0 cm

.05 g/cm3O 8 – 0 cm

.08 g/cm3

A 0 – 18

0.9A 0 – 18

1.2A 0 – 2

1.1A1 0 –16

0.9

Bw1 18 – 34

1.0Bw1 18 – 34.5

1.2Bw1 2 – 12

1.2A2 16 – 23

1.1

Bw2 34 - 51

1.1Bw2 34.5 – 57

1.3Bw2 12 – 29

1.3Cg1 23 – 35

1.4

BC 51 – 661.2

Bw3 57 – 71.5

1.3BC 29 – 47

1.3Cg2 35 – 45

1.4

C 66 – 75

1.2C 47 – 86

1.4

Soil Horizons, depths and bulk densities

Soil Horizons, depths and bulk densities

Throughfall Data:

Site A (DF): 30.6 mm

Site B (BLM): 54.2 mm

Site C (DF): 38.2 mm

Site D (RA): 42.4 mm

Chemical Analyses:

Solution Ammonium and Nitrate

Sample mg NH4+ / L mg NO3

- / L Sample mg NH4+ / L mg NO3

- / L

Site A

throughfall

0.14 0.44 Site C

throughfall

0.17 0.60

Site B

throughfall

0.42 0.61 Site D

throughfall

0.60 0.82

Site B groundwater

Site D groundwater

0.40 0.70

Site D Streamwater

0.60 0.70

Collectors installed Sep 24Samples collected Oct 8/9Total of 14/15 Days

PPT: NH4 = .013 mg L-1

NO3 = .040 mg L-1

MONROE, WASHINGTON (455525)

Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary

Period of Record : 6/ 1/1948 to 12/31/2006

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecAnnual

Average Max. Temperature (F)

45.1 50.0 53.9 59.9 66.1 71.2 76.5 76.6 71.1 60.9 50.8 45.2 60.6

Average Min. Temperature (F)

32.9 34.3 36.4 39.9 45.0 49.7 52.2 52.6 48.6 43.0 37.3 34.1 42.2

Average Total Precipitation (in.)

6.46 4.64 4.73 3.61 3.06 2.45 1.39 1.65 2.66 4.48 6.73 6.70 48.50

Average Total SnowFall (in.) 3.3 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 2.4 8.1

Average Snow Depth (in.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Percent of possible observations for period of record.Max. Temp.: 97.6% Min. Temp.: 97.5% Precipitation: 97.7% Snowfall: 97.4% Snow Depth: 96.1% Check Station Metadata or Metadata graphics for more detail about data completeness.

Western Regional Climate Center, http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/summary/climsmwa.html

Turn in INDIVIDUAL reports:

Keep your report to 2 pages of text. Show all your calculations (a separate page to show calculations is ok)

1. Give 4 examples of how specific soils information (such as a specific soil property (e.g. texture, horizon etc.) could be used to tell you about the productivity or use of a site. Include an example of how you would use this information.

2. What are 2 examples of microclimate information that could be useful when considering land management choices? Explain each.

3. Soil samples were collected in the field and total N concentrations are given in Friday’s lecture. Using these data, calculate the TOTAL amount of N (in kg ha-1) present in each soil profile at the two sites you visited in the field. Be sure to sum the N from ALL horizons at each site. SHOW your calculations and tell us what this total N value says about these two sites.

4. Each of the 4 sites that we visited at St. Edward St. Park had soils that may or may not have matched what was mapped for that area. Briefly summarize your conclusions as to what was found in the field relative to the soil map and comment on the value of the soils map to management activities.