Post on 20-May-2015
Presented by: Suzanne Henderson Emerson, J.D.Emerson EnvironmentalSuzanne@EmersonEnvironmental.com
Tuning Up Your Home:Residential Energy Efficiency
Retrofits and Modifications
“What can I do at my house to
use less energy?”
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 2
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• The information in this presentation is believed to accurately describe the technologies addressed herein and are meant to clarify and illustrate typical situations, which must be appropriately adapted to individual circumstances. These materials were prepared to be used in conjunction with a free educational program and are not intended to provide legal advice or establish legal standards of reasonable behavior. Neither Emerson Environmental nor any of its employees or agents: (1) makes any written or oral warranty, express or implied, including but not limited to the merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose; (2) assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of any information, apparatus, product, process, method, or policy contained herein; or (3) represents that its use would not infringe any privately-owned rights, including but not limited to patents, trademarks, or copyrights. Emerson Environmental does not endorse products or manufacturers. Mention of any particular product or manufacturer in this material should not be construed as an implied endorsement.
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 3
Why Increase Efficiency?• Save Money• Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions• Increase Property Value• Bragging Rights• Comfort
The average California home energy usage emits 10,600 lbs. (5.3 tons) CO2 per year. PG&E Climate Smarttm “Together we can fight climate change” (2007).
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 4
What’s a Kilowatt?• A watt is a unit of electrical power
– a 100 watt incandescent bulb
• A kilowatt (kW) is equal to 1000 watts– 10 of the 100 watt bulbs burning at once
• A kilowatt-hour (kWh) is a unit of electric energy– 10 of the 100 w. bulbs burning for 1 hour = 1 kWh
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 5
Your Electricity Rate
Electricity rates generally depend on how much electricity you use. ©
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370Top of Tier 1
481 Top of Tier 2
740Top ofTier 3
1110Top ofTier 4
kWh
$/kW
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PG&E E1 XB Residential Electricity Rate Schedule, March 2009
Tier 1Baseline
Tier 2101-130%of Baseline
Tier 3131-200%of Baseline
Tier 4201-300%of Baseline
Tier 5Over 300%of Baseline
480.5Avg. San Mateo
County Residence
1641Avg. Atherton
Residence
500Avg. New CA
2000 sq. ft. Residence
County and Atherton data 2004, per PG&E Statistical Research Unit; CA data R. Chitwood, Cal. Bldg. Performance Contractors Assn., Green Home Energy Retrofits (2007).
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 6
Reading Your Energy Bill
•Total kWh•Energy and price/kWh•kWh/day comparison to last year
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 7
Seasonal Electricity Use
© Emerson Environmental, LLC
If you track your energy bills, you will likely see seasonal differences due to heating, cooling, and seasonal lighting loads.
Sample Residential Electrical Usage by kWh
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Feb
'06
Mar
'06
April '0
6
May
'06
June
'06
July
'06
Aug '06
Sept '
06
Oct '06
Nov '0
6
Dec '0
6
Jan '0
7
Feb
'07
Mar
'07
April '0
7
May
'07
June
'07
July
'07
Aug '07
Sept '
07
Oct '07
Nov '0
7
Dec '0
7
Jan '0
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Month Ending
kWh
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 8
Your Gas Rate
Gas rates generally depend on how much gas you use.
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PG&E G1 X Residential Gas Rates, 11/9/2007 – 12/7/2007
Tier 1“Baseline”
Tier 2over Baseline
County and Atherton data 2004, per PG&E Statistical Research Unit; CA data R. Chitwood, Cal. Bldg. Performance Contractors Assn., Green Home Energy Retrofits (2007).
47Avg. San Mateo
County Residence
42Avg. New CA
2000 sq. ft. Residence
138Avg. Atherton
Residence
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 9
Your Gas Use
Graphics: PG&E
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 10
Current Energy UseCal. 2004 Residential Electricity Consumption
Clothes Dryer 8%
Cooking 5%
Pool & Spa 5%
TV/Computer/Office Equip
11%
Lighting 20%
Clothes Washer 2%
Other 8%
Dishwasher 4%
Water Heating 3%
Space Cooling
12%
Space Heating 6%
Refrigerator 17%
Freezer 4%
Data: Rufo & North, Itron, for Cal. Energy Comm’n, Assessment of Long-Term Electronic Energy Efficiency Potential in California’s Residential Sector, Fig. 7.3.3 (2007); David Johnson, What’s Working, for Build It Green (2007)
Data: David Johnson, What’s Working, for Build It Green (2007), citing CA Energy Comm’n; graphics © Emerson Environmental, LLC
Residential Gas Consumption
Clothes Dryer 3%
Water Heating
44%
Space Heating
43%
Cooking 7%
Pool & Spa 3%
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 11
Plug Loads – Typical CA Home• Electronic products cost approx. $150 per year to power.• Plug loads account for more than 15% of the energy used by the home. • Entertainment and information technology account for over 90% of the electricity used by plug load devices.
Data and Figure: Ecos Consulting, http://www.efficientproducts.org/plugload/ (2006)
PRODUCT NATIONAL ANNUAL
COST
PG&E Tier 5 ANNUAL
COST
20-cu.-ft. refrigerator (a new er top-freezer)
$50 170
25-cu.-ft. refrigerator (a new er side-by-side)
65 220
32-inch picture-tube 40 140
36-inch picture-tube 50 170
37-inch LCD 50 170
40-inch LCD 55 180
56-inch rear-projection 65 220
42-inch plasma, 720p 70 240
52-inch LCD 80 270
50-inch plasma, 720p 80 270
50-inch plasma, 1080p 110 380
Based on Consumer Reports, "Power Play: What it Costs to Run a Big Screen TV" (March 2008) (national cost: Dept. of Energy 2007 nat'l avg price 10.65 ¢/kwh).
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 12
Current Residential Water Use
Data: David Johnson, What’s Working, for Build It Green (2007); graphics © Emerson Environmental, LLC
California Energy Commission, "California's Water-Energy Relationship" at 1, 8 (Nov. 2005) (2001 data).
•Think of water as energy.•Energy is used in water supply and conveyance, pre-use treatment, distribution and system pressurization, heating and cooling, and wastewater treatment. • Water-related energy use consumes 19% of the California’s electricity and 30% of its natural gas.
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 13
Current Residential Water Use
Baths2%
Dishwasher 1%
Other1%
Showers17%
Clothes Washers
22%
Toilets27%
Faucets16%
Leaks14%
Data: David Johnson, What’s Working, for Build It Green (2007); graphics © Emerson Environmental, LLC
California Energy Commission, "California's Water-Energy Relationship" at 1, 8 (Nov. 2005) (2001 data).
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 14
Free Measures to Save Money (and Energy)
• Turn off lights and electronics when leaving a room.
• Turn down water heater thermostat to 120°F. • Set thermostats to 68°F in winter when you're
home, and down to 55°F when you go to bed or when you're away. (Programmable thermostats do this automatically.) But – if you have to choose between a shorter nighttime set-back or a larger furnace, go with the smaller furnace.
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 15
Free Measures to Save Money (and Energy)
• Use energy-saving settings on washing machines, clothes dryers, dishwashers, and refrigerators.
• Wash clothes in cold water and only full loads.• Don't waste water, hot or cold, inside or outside
your home.
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 16
Free Measures to Save Money (and Energy)
• Clean your refrigerator's condenser coils once a year.
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 17
Free Measures to Save Money (and Energy) (cont.)
• Air-dry your clothes. • Repair leaky faucets and toilets.• Close drapes and windows during sunny
summer days and after sunset in the winter.
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 18
Simple & Inexpensive Ways to Lower Your Energy Bill in 1 Year
• Install a standard, water-saving 2.5-gallon-per-minute (or less) showerhead. ($5-15)
• Install water-efficient faucet heads for your kitchen and bathroom sinks. ($2 each) Based on Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District (2006)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 19
Simple & Inexpensive Ways to Lower Your Energy Bill in 1 Year
• Install a programmable thermostat and use it.* ($25-75)
• In the attic and basement, seal the air leaks a cat could crawl through, and replace and reputty broken windowpanes. (~$40)
• Install an R-7 or R-11 water heater wrap if your water heater isn’t pre-insulated. ($15-25)
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 20
Simple & Inexpensive Ways to Lower Your Energy Bill in 1 Year
(cont.)
• Clean or change the air filter on your warm-air heating system during winter and on air conditioning units in the summer. ($4-15) But don’t use an “ultra pure” filter, as it may negatively impact your furnace’s efficiency.
• Insulate the first three feet of hot and inlet cold water pipes. ($6)
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 21
Simple & Inexpensive Ways to Lower Your Energy Bill in 1 Year
(cont.)
• Install compact fluorescent light bulbs in the fixtures you use most. ($6-30)
100w Incandescent
23w CFL
Watts 100 w 23 w
Hours used 8000 hrs 8000 hrs
# of bulbs required
8 1
Cost per bulb $0.63 $2.00
Total bulb cost $5.04 $2.00
Energy used 800 kWh 184 kWh
Energy cost per kWh
$0.12 $0.12
Energy cost total
$96.00 $22.08
Total Cost $101.04 $24.08
Savings with CFL
$76.96
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 22
Getting Serious: Measures that Cost More, with
1-3 year Pay BackGet a comprehensive energy audit, including a blower door test to identify sources of air leaks.
Text R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995); graphics Energy Star
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 23
Getting Serious: Measures that Cost More, with
1-3 year Pay Back• Caulk and weatherize all
leaks identified by the test. Start with the attic and basement first (especially around plumbing and electrical penetrations, and around the framing that rests on the foundation), then weatherize windows and doors.
R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995) Data: David Johnson, What’s Working, for Build It Green (2007); graphics © Emerson Environmental, LLC
Primary Air Infiltration Locations
Electric Outlets 2%
Doors 11%
Plumbing Penetrations
13%
Floors, Walls & Ceilings 31%
Ducts 15%
Fireplace 14%
Fans & Vents 4%
Windows 10%
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 24
Getting Serious: Measures that Cost More, with
1-3 year Pay Back (cont.)
• Seal and insulate air ducts.
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 25
Getting Serious: Measures that Cost More, with
1-3 year Pay Back (cont.)• Have heating and cooling systems tuned up
every year or two and determine if a replacement is needed. Don’t oversize.
• Install additional faucet aerators, efficient showerheads, and programmable thermostats.
• Make insulating shades for your windows, or add insulating storm windows; shade sunny windows or add solar gain control films.
• Insulate hot water pipes wherever they are accessible.
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 26
Going All the Way: Expensive Measures Taking
3-15 Years for Pay-Back• Attic: increase attic insulation to R-38 in mild
climates. (Better yet, go all the way to R-50.) • Walls: adding wall insulation is more difficult
and expensive, but may be cost-effective if your house is uncomfortable.
• Install more compact fluorescent bulbs. Put them in all your frequently used fixtures.
• Consider installing occupancy sensors with these lights to automatically turn lights off when the room is unoccupied.
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 27
Going All the Way: Expensive Measures Taking 3-15 Years for Pay-Back (cont.)
• Replace exterior incandescent lights with compact fluorescents and put them on a timer or motion sensor if they're on more than a couple of hours a night.
• Convert to solar water heating, especially if you do not have natural gas as a heating source.
• Remodel utilizing passive solar design elements.
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 28
Going All the Way: Expensive Measures Taking 3-15 Years for Pay-Back (cont.)
• Upgrade your water heater, furnace/boiler, air conditioners, and appliances to more efficient models. Newer units may be far more efficient. Also, if you've weatherized and insulated, you'll be able to downsize the heating and cooling system.
• Upgrade to double-pane, low-emissivity windows, if replacement is needed. Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 29
Going All the Way: Expensive Measures Taking 3-15 Years for Pay-Back (cont.)
• Replace high-flow toilets with modern water-efficient toilets.
• Install awnings or build removable trellises over windows that overheat your home in the summer, especially on west or south windows.
• Plant a tree to shade your largest west window in summer. You won't save any money for years, but you'll get an A+ for long-range vision.
Based on R. Heede, Homemade Money (Rocky Mountain Inst. 1995)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 30
Home-Based Energy Production
Mining Transportation Refinement Generation Transmission Transform Use ??% X 50% x 90% x 60% x 90% x 95% x 5% = 1.6%
Efficiencies multiply . . . Net energy is less than 1.6%!Data and Figure: David Johnson, What’s Working, for Build It Green (2007)
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 31
Indoor Air Quality
Graphics: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air Pollution Control Orientation Course, Indoor Air Pollution
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 32
Indoor Air Quality• Beware of back-drafting burners, including older gas
furnaces, stoves, and water heaters – be sure to properly ventilate
• Install a Carbon Monoxide detector in sleeping areas• Avoid indoor toxics – formaldehyde off-gassing from
cabinetry, furniture, or fiberglass insulation; housecleaning products; ozone-generating “air treatment” equipment; citrus or pine cleaning products
• If it smells like a beach ball, throw it away• Eliminate and avoid mold growth and excess moisture
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 33
Resources• PG&E on-line audit: SmartEnergy
Analyzertm
http://www.pge.com/res/energy_tools_resources/energy_tools.html
• Home Energy Saver on-line audit: http://hes.lbl.gov/
• Dept. of Energy Do-it-Yourself Energy Audit: http://www.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/energy_audits/index.cfm/mytopic=11170
2008Residential Energy Efficiency 34
Resources• Web sites, including Energy Star• Books:
– Richard Heede, Homemade Money
– No-Regrets Remodeling: Creating a Comfortable, Healthy Home That Saves Energy
• Professional Energy Auditors, such as– Suzanne Emerson,
Emerson Environmental
Presented by: Suzanne Henderson Emerson, J.D.Emerson EnvironmentalSuzanne@EmersonEnvironmental.com
Questions?