Trevor Dolan Stockholms university Department of Education 

Which of the following categories of skill is disappearing from the work-place most rapidly?

1.  Routine manual

2.  Non-routine manual

3.  Routine cognitive

4.  Complex communication

5.  Expert thinking/problem-solving

Routine cognitive: Clerks, accountants, Word processors/typists, Telephone switchboard operators, “Anyone who does what Google does”

Routine manual: Productive workers doing repetitive assembly tasks, Product inspectors and testers

Non-routine manual: Truck drivers. Janitors, Medical aides, Security guards, Waiters/waitresses, Walmart workers. (Autor could have added

construction and landscaping workers.)

Changes in demand for specific skills over a thirty‐year period.  Source: Autor, Levy, & Murnane 2003 

Modification   Adaptation 

Control  Autonomy 

Competition  Cooperation 

Push  Pull 

3D Map Of The Brain (Gould, 2009) 

Wired: “Revealing the brain’s hidden connections” (Gould, 2009) 

(Blackwell, Trzesniewski and Dweck, 2007, p. 254) 

(Blackwell, Trzesniewski and Dweck, 2007, p. 254)  

(Blackwell, Trzesniewski and Dweck, 2007, p. 257) 

A schematic representation of developmental learning trajectories (Goswami, 2006, p. 15) 

Thank You!