Post on 16-Mar-2016
description
Treatment Technologies for Site Cleanup: Annual Status Report
(12th Edition)
Internet Seminarhttp://cluin.org
October 11, 2007
Carlos Pachonpachon.carlos@epa.gov
2
OSRTI & The SuperfundTechnology Innovation Program
Interpret and supply information on technologies and markets
Partner with agencies, states and private companies to develop and evaluate technologies
Increase acceptance of innovative options by regulators, consulting engineers, and purchasers of technologies and services
Develop policy tools that help foster acceptance of innovative technologies
Disseminate information - conferences, direct mail, electronic mail, home pages and bulletin boards
3
Objectives of the Report
Goal is to document the selection and implementation of remedies in Superfund
Data serves as a “benchmark” of the state of the practice, it informs program management and supports remedy evaluations
Reports on “as built” remedies, including their implementation status, and remedy-specific technical data (e.g. contaminant, techniques, treatment components)
Highlights innovative remediation technology applications
4
ASR Background
Current edition (12th) has ROD data through 2005 and project status information through November 2006
First edition was produced in 1991, last edition was released in February 2004
Information extracted from RODs, CERCLIS, 5yr reviews, site specific documents/websites
Covers 1,536 NPL sites, 2,976 RODs, and 1,915 treatment projects
5
Background on Identifying Remedies
Report Focus: Sites, RODs, and
projects Source and groundwater
control (SC & GW) Treatment and
containment Innovative technologies Remedial actions only
(no removals)
OU 3
OU1
OU2
Example of a site
No ROD
ROD #1-SVE Soil (completed)-P&T GW (operational)-Inst. Control GW
ROD #2-Landfill cap-MNA (Design)
Site boundary
8
Summary of Overall Findings
NPL Sites (1,536):» 62% have some form of treatment.» 28% of sites have both source and groundwater treatment» 27% have containment as the most “aggressive” remedy» 11% have no remedy decision yet» 1,055 sites have a SC remedy, 1,072 have a GW remedy
RODs (2,976 RODs & ROD Amendments):» In ’02-’05 we signed about 100 RODs/year » In ’05, 55% had some form of treatment » Percentage of “multimedia” RODs is holding at about 32%
Remedies (ASR focus is on treatment remedies)» There are 1,915 treatment projects at NPL sites (status varies)» Of these, 977 are SC treatment and 938 GW treatment
9
Remedy Types at NPL Sites 1982-2005, 1,536 Sites
Treatment of a Source Only (178)12%
Treatment of Both a Source and Groundwater (427)
28%
Treatment of Groundwater Only (357)
23%
Containment or Off-Site Disposal of a Source (186)
12%
Other Source Control (46)3%
No Action or No Further Action (91)
6%
Non-Treatment Groundwater Remedy (47)
3%
No Remedy Decision (204)13%
No Decision 13%
Containment and Other 24%
Treatment 63%
10
1982-2005 RODs by Remedy(2,976 RODs)
3 3 6 14 12 8 926
4128 36
26 34 28 21 3013 20 23 24 28
0 4 9 4 11 310
4 7 9
3
8 139
2019
1918
12 7 8 5
36
17 27 12 20
1722 22 16
15
23
18
3343
41
21 3033
15 17 1127
14
00
01
2 02 1 2 3
7
48 7
13
18 610
6 2 6
13
12
13
12
33 56 48
110106
131160 122
114
94
100
72
61
6966
68
4358
42
53
55
10 12
16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
*
Fiscal Year
Num
ber o
f RO
Ds
Treatment - 1,677MNA (with no treatment) - 139Containment (with no treatment or MNA) - 503Other remedies (with no treatment, MNA, or containment) - 224NA/NFA (with no other remedy) - 433
11
1982-2005 RODs by Remedy(2,976 RODs)
6 11 922 15
3724
3653
30 30 41 3619
3115 16 27 17 11 9
24 301
420
2823
4953
66
74
62 5249
34
3633 67
47
66
40 4729
43 37
37
23
36
3133
5356
60
61
55 67 48 84
7671 45
58
36
19 26
29
3819
3
36
1412
8
9
41
28
36
2634
2821
30
1320
23
24
28
26
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fiscal Year (FY)
Num
ber o
f RO
Ds
RODs Selecting No Action or No Further ActionRODs Selecting a Source Control Remedy OnlyRODs Selecting Both a Groundwater and a Source Control RemedyRODs Selecting a Groundwater Remedy Only
Total 4 13 38 68 84 77 153 145 170 197 173 190 166 190 157 169 155 142 159 89 104 90 129 114
12
Summary of Source Control Findings
1,055 sites (69%) have SC remedies, 1,994 RODs include a source control remedy, 1,105 have treatment
Selection of treatment and containment in RODs tracks closely in 45% range
Continued increase in selection of in situ treatment, 75% of SC treatment RODs in 2005
Most common in situ remedies are SVE, multiphase extraction, and bioremediation
Major ex situ remedies are solidification/stabilization, thermal desorption, and bioremediation
There is continued evidence of the “maturing” status of treatment projects, both is situ and ex situ.
13
Trends in Source Control RODsTotal of 1,994 RODs
25%
14%19%
30%
49%
55%
71% 73%
67%
73% 73%70%
61%
51% 52%
39%
46% 47%
40% 39%
58% 57%
75%
86%
74%
68%
51%
45%
28% 27%32%
25% 23%
29%33%
40%44% 46%
35%32%
42%39%
33%
24%
0% 0%
7%2%
0% 0% 1% 0%2% 1%
4% 2%6%
9%
4%
14%
20% 21%18%
22%
10%
19%14%
5%
42%46%
44%
48%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
*
Fiscal Year (FY)
Per
cent
age
of S
ourc
e C
ontro
l RO
Ds
Some TreatmentContainment or Disposal (with no treatment)Other Only (Institutional Controls, Monitoring, Relocation)
14
Source Control Treatment Projects
1982-2005 - Total of 977 projects
Solidification/Stabilization (173)18%
Incineration (off-site) (105)11%
Thermal Desorption (71)7%
Bioremediation (60)6%
Incineration (on-site) (42)4%
Physical Separation (21)2%
Soil Vapor Extraction (248)26%
Bioremediation (53)5%
Chemical Treatment (20)2%
Other Ex Situ (43)4%
Other In Situ (20)2%
Flushing (17)2%In Situ Thermal Treatment
(14)1%
Solidification/Stabilization (44)5%
Multi-Phase Extraction (46)5%Other Ex Situ (43)
Chemical Treatment - 9Neutralization - 7Soil Vapor Extraction - 7Soil Washing - 6Mechanical Soil Aeration - 4Open Burn/Open Detonation - 4Solvent Extraction - 4Phytoremediation - 1Vitrification - 1
Other In Situ (20)Neutralization - 8Phytoremediation - 6Mechanical Soil Aeration - 3 Vitrification - 2Electrical Separation - 1
Ex Situ Technologies (515) 53% In Situ Technologies (462) 47%
15
Source Control Treatment Projects
2002-2005 - Total of 126
Solidification/Stabilization (20)16%
Thermal Desorption (9)7%
Bioremediation (8)6%
Physical Separation (5)4%
Other Ex Situ (8)6%
Soil Vapor Extraction (27)22%
Multi-Phase Extraction (13)10%
Chemical Treatment (12)10%
Other In Situ (6)5%
In Situ Thermal Treament (5)
4%Bioremediation (5)
4%
Solidification/Stabilization (8)
6%
Other Ex Situ (8)Incineration (off-site) - 3Open Burn/Open Detonation - 3Chemical Treatment - 1Neutralization - 1
Other In Situ (6)Mechanical Soil Aeration - 2Phytoremediation - 2Flushing - 1Neutralization - 1
Ex Situ Technologies (50) 40% In Situ Technologies (76) 60%
16
In Situ Technologies for Source Control
38%
31%
21%
28%
47%
36%
48%
41% 43% 44%
37%
61%57%
51%
59%
49%
63%
54%
79%
44%
78%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Fiscal Year
Per
cent
age
of S
ourc
e Tr
eatm
ent P
roje
cts
Percentage of Source Treatment Technologies that are In Situ
Linear Trendline (In Situ Source Treatment Projects)
1717
18
Implementation Status of Source Control Treatment Projects
22%16% 16% 17% 17%
11%
6%6% 4% 4% 3%
3%
49%
45%41%
14% 12%
9%
23%34%
39%
65% 68%77%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Per
cent
age
of P
roje
cts
Completed
Operational
DesignComplete/BeingInstalled
Predesign/Design
August 2000: 314 Projects
Nov 2006: 515 Projects
March 2003: 499 Projects
August 2000: 425 Projects
Nov 2006: 462 Projects
March 2003: 364 Projects
In Situ Remedies Ex Situ Remedies
19
Use of Innovative Technologies: 82-91
20
Use of Innovative Technologies: 82-05
Bioremediation (112)12%
Multi-Phase Extraction (44)5%
Soil Vapor Extraction (252)26%
Solidification/Stabilization (214)22%
Incineration (146)15%
Chemical Treatment (29)3%
Flushing (17)2%
Other Established Technologies (25)3%Thermal Desorption (71)
7%
Physical Separation (21)2%
In Situ Thermal Treatment (14)1%
Other Innovative Technologies (21)2%
Other Established Technologies (25)Neutralization - 14Mechanical Soil Aeration - 7 Open Burn/Open Detonation - 4
Other Innovative Technologies (21)Phytoremediation - 7Soil Washing - 6Solvent Extraction - 4Vitrification - 3Electrical Separation - 1
Established Technologies (729) 75%
Innovative Technologies (237) 25%
21
Summary of Groundwater Control Findings
1,072 sites (70%) have a GW remedy 1,509 RODs have a GW remedy, 958 include P&T, and
195 in situ treatment However, a new pattern in GW remedy selection that
emerged after 1997 is holding, mainly;» In situ treatment continues to climb» GW Remedy mix in RODs has stabilized with P&T, in situ and
MNA all in the 30-40% range, and…» ICs and “other” remedies are selected in over 90% of GW
RODs Bioremediation and chemical treatment have eclipsed air
sparging as top in situ remedies 45% of sites with P&T as the sole GW treatment remedy
also have a source control remedy.
22
Groundwater Remedies through FY 05 (ASR 12th Edition, FY 1982 - 2005)
Total Number of Sites = 877
P&T Only (485)55%
P&T and MNA (70)8%
P&T and In Situ (115)13%
In Situ Only (38)4%
P&T, In Situ, and MNA (58)7%
In Situ and MNA (18)2%
MNA Only (93)11%
23
Groundwater ROD Remedies*
72%
89%85%
91% 89% 90%85%
79%
68%
74%
62%
52%
30% 30%35%
37%
47%
37%
25%
39%
0%5%
2%6%
3% 5%9% 9% 11% 9%
16% 17% 16%
22%18%
28%24% 26% 28%
31%
2%5%
2% 3%7% 6% 4% 5% 3%
0%4% 2%
5% 6%3%
0%
10%
0% 1%4%
24%
8%12%
6% 5%7% 7%
11%
20%
14% 15%
25%
80%
54%
91%88%
95% 95% 97%93%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005*
Per
cent
age
of A
ll G
roun
dwat
er R
OD
s
Groundwater P&TGroundwater In SituGroundwater MNAGroundwater ContainmentGroundwater Other
“Groundwater Containment” includes the use of vertical engineered barriers to contain groundwater.“Groundwater other” includes water supply actions, institutional controls, monitoring, population relocation, and engineering controls.*RODs and Amendments are included in this figure. RODs are counted in each category as appropriate; no hierarchy is used for this figure.
24
In Situ Groundwater Remedies
0%
5%
2%
6%
3%
5%
9% 9%
11%
9%
16%17%
16%
22%
18%
28%
24%
26%
28%
31%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005*
Per
cent
age
of A
ll G
roun
dwat
er R
OD
s
RODs Selecting In Situ Treatment for GroundwaterLinear (RODs Selecting In Situ Treatment for Groundwater)
*RODs and Amendments are included in this figure. As of October 2006, 74% of FY 2005 RODs and Amendments were available.
25
Status of P&T ProjectsTotal Projects = 725
Predesign/Design (107)15%
Design Complete/Being
Installed (24)3%
Operational (521)72%
Shut Down (73)10%
*As of October 2006, 74% of FY 2005 RODs and Amendments were available.
26
Contaminants Treated by In Situ Groundwater Remedies
5 7
35
14
5 5
53
1
20
12
26
138 7
40
33 36
3 1
9
25
106
0
63 2
7
16
01 05
1 2 0
116
1 26
2 3 3
11
3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Polyc
yclic
aro
mat
ic hy
droc
arbo
ns
Oth
er n
onha
loge
nate
d se
mivo
latile
s (a
)
Benz
ene-
tolue
ne-e
thylb
enze
ne-x
ylene
Oth
er n
onha
loge
nate
d vo
latile
s (b)
Org
anic
pest
icide
s/her
bicid
esO
ther
hal
ogen
ated
sem
ivolat
iles
(c)
Halo
gena
ted
volat
iles
Met
als a
nd m
etal
loids
Num
ber o
f Pro
ject
s
Air Sparging - 72 ProjectsBioremediation - 70 ProjectsChemical Treatment - 39 ProjectsMulti-Phase Extraction - 26 ProjectsPermeable Reactive Barrier - 24 ProjectsPhytoremediation - 14 Projects
27
Status of In-site GW Treatment Projects
ASR CategoryPredesign/
Design
Design Complete/
Being Installed Operational Completed Total
Air Sparging 7 5 38 19 69
Bioremediation 29 4 27 9 69
Chemical Treatment 19 2 9 8 38
Permeable Reactive Barrier 7 1 14 2 24
Multi-Phase Extraction 6 1 12 5 24
Phytoremediation 3 1 10 0 14
In-Well Air Stripping 1 1 6 0 8
In Situ Thermal Treatment 1 1 2 1 5
Flushing 0 1 0 0 1
Total 73 17 118 44 252
Percentage of In Situ Groundwater Technologies 29% 7% 47% 18% --
28
RODs Selecting On-site Containment Remedies
2 3 2
6
10
6
4952 51
57
42
47
53
39
55
35
27
18
27
14
27
20
1 0 0 1 02
7
3 2 3 4 4 3 2
7
3 3 35
0 1
5
0 0 0 0 0 02
0 0 02 2
41
4
03 2 1 1 0 00
10
20
30
40
50
60
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005*
Num
ber o
f RO
Ds
Cap
VEB
Liner
RODs = Record of Decision*RODs and Amendments are included in this figure. As of October 2006, 74% of FY 2005 RODs and Amendments were available.
29
Concluding Points
Solid use of treatment remedies at Superfund sites Across the program we are making full use of the remedy
tool box. The program continues to mature;
» Fewer sites with no remedies» The implementation status of selected remedies, more are
completed and operational, fewer in design.» Innovative technologies are gaining ground and becoming
mainstream The prevalence of in situ treatment remedies suggests
we focus on innovations in in situ performance monitoring 75% of P&T projects are operational – hold the course on
RSE, capture zone analysis, etc.
30
Thank You
After viewing the links to additional resources, please complete our online feedback form.
Thank You
Links to Additional ResourcesFeedback Form