Post on 26-May-2015
description
Intro to Latin
Translating Verbs – Latin to English
(1st Conjugation, Present/Imperfect/Future, Active Indicative)
Translating VerbsStem + Tense Sign + Personal Ending
Translating VerbsStem + Tense Sign + Personal Ending
Stem tells you the meaning of the word
Vocabamus comes from voco=call
Laudant comes from laudo=praise
Natabo comes from nato=swim
Translating VerbsStem + Tense Sign + Personal Ending
Tense Sign tells the tense–Present: no tense sign• Is, are
– Imperfect (past): tense sign = ba• Was, were
–Future: tense sign = bi (bo/bi/bu)• Will
Translating VerbsStem + Tense Sign + Personal Ending
Personal Endings tell–Person• 1st = I, we• 2nd = you• 3rd = he, she, it, they
–Number• Singular• Plural
Personal Endings Chart
Memory help for Singular endings: MOST (Latin is the most fun class!); or O for one, S for second, and T for third person
Singular Plural
1st Person -o or -m -mus
2nd Person -s -tis
3rd Person -t -nt
Stem + Tense Sign + Personal EndingAmo, amare: lovestem=ama
*“a” disappears before final “o”**“i” disappears before final “o”***“i” changes to “u” before “nt”
Examples
Present Imperfect Future
1st Person Sing Amo* Amabam Amabo**
2nd Person Sing Amas Amabas Amabis
3rd Person Sing Amat Amabat Amabit
1st Person Plural Amamus Amabamus Amabimus
2nd Person Plural Amatis Amabatis Amabitis
3rd Person Plural Amant Amabant Amabunt***
Translation
The order of Stem/Tense/Ending is basically reversed from Latin to English.
In English we say “I am walking” or “You were preparing” or “They will watch”. The person and number comes first, then the be verb that indicates tense, then the definition.
So when you are decoding a verb in Latin, the elements will go in the opposite order in English.
Laudabimus
Lauda bi mus
Lauda“praise”
bifuture
mus1st Pl
Lauda“praise”
bifuture
mus1st Pl
We will be praising
Ambulabant
Ambula ba nt
Ambula“walk”
baimperfect
nt3rd Pl
Ambula“walk”
baimperfect
nt3rd Pl
They were walking
Optas
Opta s
Opta“choose” present
s2nd Sg
Opta“choose” present
s2nd Sg
You (sg) are choosing
Vocabitis
Voca bi tis
Voca“call”
bifuture
tis2nd Pl
Voca“call”
bifuture
tis2nd Pl
Y’all will be calling
Portat
Porta t
Porta“carry” present
t3rd Sg
Porta“carry” present
t3rd Sg
He/she/it is carrying
Spectabam
Specta ba m
Specta“watch”
baimperfect
m1st Sg
Specta“watch”
baimperfect
m1st Sg
I was watching
Amabo
Ama b(i) o
Ama“love”
b(i)future
o1st Sg
Ama“love”
b(i)future
o1st Sg
I will be loving