TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION: From DNA to Protein

Chapter 11, Section 2

Biology 2/6/14 Mrs. Turgeon

Do Now:1. Pass forward your annotation on twins2. In your notes: What is a template? How

is a DNA strand considered a template?Agenda:

Students will be able to describe DNA transcription by taking notes

Biology 2/7/14 Mrs. Turgeon

“Character is the ability to carry out a good resolution long after the excitement of the moment has passed.” – Robert Cavett

Do Now:1.In your notes: What are the three primary

differences between DNA and RNAAgenda:

Students will be able to describe DNA transcription by taking notes

3/4/15 BIOLOGY MRS.TURGEON

“Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man's desire to understand.” -Neil Armstrong

OBJECTIVES SWBAT: describe the process of translation

DO NOW: name three parts of the human body that are made up of proteins

3/4/15 BIOLOGY MRS.TURGEON

REMINDERS:1.Tutoring Tues & Thur after school(rm 309)

2. Field trip form must be turned in! If you don’t attend the trip, you will be required to write a research paper

3.Binder check today (8th period)

4. Chaperones for field trip????

Genes & Proteins

• What is the function of a gene?• codes for traits, inherited from parents• Genes code for specific proteins• Proteins make up muscles, hair, tissues,

enzymes, & pigments• Protein Synthesis = reading the DNA,

forming RNA, using RNA to make the protein (DNA RNA Protein)

RNA

• RNA is a nucleic acid (like DNA)• Differs in structure from DNA:

DNA RNA

Number of Strands 2 1

Nucleotide Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose

Nitrogenous Base Pairs

Thymine(T), Adenine(A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

Uracil (U), Adenine(A),Guanine (G),Cytosine (C)

Types of RNA• 1. Messenger RNA

(mRNA) – Single strand – Transfers info from

the gene (made of DNA inside the nucleus) to make a protein

– mRNA carries genetic “message” from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytosol

• 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)– Part of the structure of ribosomes– Ribosome = protein and rRNA

3. Transfer RNA•Transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make proteins

Transcription

• Transcription = enzymes make RNA by copying a portion of DNA in the nucleus

• If a DNA sequence is AATCCGGA, what is the complimentary RNA sequence? (Remember RNA doesn’t have Thymine, it has Uracil instead)

• UUAGGCCU• The mRNA that gets sequenced is sent out of the

nucleus to help make protein

Genetic Code• A certain sequence of Nitrogenous Bases codes

for a specific Amino Acid needed to make a Protein

• Codon = the nitrogenous bases of 3 adjacent nucleotides in mRNA that code for– Start Signal (starts the protein making process)– Stop Signal (stops the protein making process)– Amino Acid

• An amino acid can be coded for by more than one codon

• 20 amino acids combine in different combinations to make various proteins

Translation• Translation = using the mRNA to make protein,

reading the codons• Translation takes place at the ribosomes which

attach to the mRNA• tRNA is the carrier that comes in bringing the

amino acid coded for by the mRNA codons• tRNA has an anticodon that pairs up with the

mRNA codon• If an mRNA codon is UUG, what is the matching

tRNA anticodon?• AAC• As the amino acids are brought in peptide bonds

form between them to link them in a chain

• Amino acid chains curl and scrunch up to make 3D protein structures

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/molecules/transcribe/

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter3/animatio