Post on 11-Apr-2017
Traits and Heredity
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONWrite the essential question in your science journal.
How do heredity and environment affect an organism’s appearance?
SPI 507.4.2
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
• Traits & Heredity packet
Vocabulary
• heredity• inherited trait• instinct• gene• dominant trait• recessive trait
Do you see any ways that these children are similar to their parents or
brothers and sisters? Pair share
What Do I Look Like?• Have you ever wondered why you look like you do? • Genetics is the study of heredity, or how
the characteristics of living things are transmitted from one generation to the next.
• Traits that are passed from parents to offspring control how organisms look and what they do.
Explore ActivityWhat are some inherited traits?
• Have your partner check you for each of the traits shown on the previous page.
• Use the sheet to record which form of the trait you have. – The traits on your sheet are
inherited (or come from) your parents.
• Reverse rolls and repeat.• Tally results and combine with
class results.• Use data to create a bar graph.
Traits & HeredityTextbook & Science Packet
1. Partner read pages 100 –101. Alternate paragraphs.
2. Define terms-• Heredity- • Inherited- • Instinct- 3. Complete the Main Idea/Details chart.
Heredity- Defined
• Heredity is the passing down of traits from parents to offspring.
• Heredity applies to all organisms.
Inherited Traits-Define
• An inherited trait is a trait that an offspring receives from it’s parent.
• Examples are: dimples, hair and eye
color, facial features, color of a flower, and the height of a plant.
Determine which trait on the following slides is inherited.
dimples
Flower shape
Flower color
Height
Assessment Prompt #1
1s tell 2s:• Compare how a person would receive
a scar with how they would receive a birthmark.– A scar forms after an injury. Injuries come
from interaction with the environment. Birthmarks are there from birth – they are inherited traits.
Assessment Prompt #22s tell 1s:• A weaver bird hatches in a zoo rather
than the wild. It is kept in a cage with other birds, such as robins. What type of nest will this bird build? Why?–The weaver bird will build an elaborate
hanging nest out of twigs, even though robins build a different type of nest. Building a nest is an instinct. Being around other kinds of birds will not change this behavior.
Assessment Prompt #2
1s ask 2s:• Why does an offspring often look like its parents?
– The offspring inherited traits from its parent or parents.
2s ask 1s:• What are some examples of inherited traits?
– In plants: flower color, shape, and size.– In humans: dimples, hair and eye color, rolling the tongue,
attached or detached earlobes.
Heredity affects behavior
• Can heredity affect an organisms behavior? Explain –Yes! Behaviors that are inherited are
called instincts.• An instinct is a way of acting or
behaving that an animal is born with and does not have to learn.
• Examples: a spider spins a web, bird building a nest
Learned Traits
• A learned behavior is developed during the course of an animal’s life.
• Learning is the result of practice and experience.
• The ability to learn helps animals survive. It enables them to respond better to changes in their environment.
Pets are smart!!!Pair Share
• Discuss an example of a learned trait that your pet has. You may also discuss a pet that belongs to another family member
or friend.
Imprinting
• One learned behavior is called imprinting.• Imprinting occurs when an animal
forms a social bond with another organism shortly after birth
or hatching.
Assessment Prompt 3 1s tell 2s:• How is an instinct different from a learned behavior?
– An instinct is a way of acting or behaving that an animal is born with. A learned behavior is something that is developed over the animal’s life span.
2s tell 1s:• Give 1 example of an instinct and 1 example of a
learned behavior.– Instinct: a spider spinning a web.– Learned behavior: a dog catching a Frisbee.
Day 2 Engage :Inherited Instinct Acquired Sort
• Use colored highlighters to designate which trait is
• Inherited (orange) • Instinctual (pink)• Acquired (green)• Record your information on your
chart.
How are traits inherited?Textbook & Science Packet
• Partner read pages 102 - 103. Alternate paragraphs. Define terms–gene-–dominant trait-–recessive trait-
Inherited Traits
These factors are called genes.
• Gregor Mendel, a monk from Austria, discovered that inherited traits are controlled by two factors.
• The offspring receive one of these factors from each parent.
There are two types of traits!Dominant TraitIt dominates, or
masks, another trait.
A capital letter is used to represent it.
TT or Tt
Recessive TraitIt is the trait that is
hidden by the dominant trait.
A lower case letter is used to represent it.
Tt or tt
Pair Share• Explain the difference between
dominant and recessive traits.–Dominant traits dominate or mask
another form of the trait.–Recessive traits are hidden by
another form of the trait.
Describe Mendel’s experiments on pea plants
• Explain how Mendel showed that traits are passed from parent to offspring during reproduction.– Mendel used pea plants to study how traits were
passed from parents to offspring. He found that there are dominant and recessive forms of traits.
Assessment Prompt #4
Pair share• You have a red flower. Can you tell
the color of its offspring? Explain.–No, you would not be able to tell what
color flowers its offspring would have. You would need to know the color of its parents’ flowers and the color of the flowers of the plant it is crossed with.
Textbook
• Partner read page 104. Alternate paragraphs.• Define
– Pedigree –– Carrier-
How do we trace inherited traits?
• Some of the traits controlled by genes are easy to see, such as hair color.
• Some individuals “carry” a trait without showing evidence of that trait themselves.
• A pedigree is a chart used to trace the history of traits in a family. They are used to study heredity patterns.
• A carrier is an individual who has inherited the gene for a trait but does not show that trait physically.
Tracing Inherited Traits p. 104
Dimples
No Dimples
Parent Generation
Children Generation
Assessment Prompt #4
1s tell 2s:• Explain how pedigrees trace the history of
traits in a family.– A pedigree records the traits in a family. Parents
are linked to offspring vertically, while parents are linked to other parents horizontally. Pedigrees use shapes and colors to show if an individual is a male or female and if they have a recessive or dominant trait.
Assessment Prompt #5
2s tell 1s:• In the pedigree chart shown on page 104, can
the child without dimples have children with dimples?– The son without dimples does not carry the
dimple trait. He could not have children with dimples unless the mother of his child carried the dominant dimple gene.
What is a Punnett Square?• A Punnett
Square helps to determine the possible outcomes of traits from a set of parents.
Explore Activity (% & Fractions)What do I look like?
• Have your partner check you for each of the facial traits.
• Use the sheet to record which form of the trait you have. –The traits on your sheet are inherited (or come
from) your parents. • Reverse rolls and repeat.• Tally results and combine with class.• Use data to find the percent and fraction of the
class with each trait.
A
F
Explore Activity continuedFraction & Percent of the class with the trait
Which trait appears more frequently?
HOTS: Why are some forms more common than others?
Some forms of traits must be inherited or passed down more frequently.
More Brain Pops
• https://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgrowthanddevelopment/heredity/
• https://www.brainpop.com/health/geneticsgrowthanddevelopment/genetics/preview.weml